Lead candidate
{{Short description|Dutch term for a lead candidate in an election}}
{{Expand German|topic=gov|Kandidat#Spitzenkandidat|date=October 2021}}
{{Party politics}}
In politics, a lead candidate ({{Langx|de|Spitzenkandidat}}; {{Langx|nl|lijsttrekker}}, {{Lit|list puller}}) is the candidate placed first on a party list. In parliamentary systems, it is often the party's nominee for the position of head of government,{{cite news|last1=Pascual|first1=Shelley|date=September 22, 2017|title=10 German words you need to know to keep up with the election|work=The Local|url=https://www.thelocal.de/20170922/10-german-words-you-need-to-know-to-keep-up-with-the-election|accessdate=September 27, 2017}} and the party chair or party leader.{{cite news|last1=Kroet|first1=Cynthia|date=April 19, 2017|title=Frauke Petry won't be AfD's lead candidate in German election|work=Politico|url=http://www.politico.eu/article/frauke-petry-wont-be-afds-lead-candidate-in-german-election/|accessdate=September 27, 2017}}
Usage by country
{{See also|Spitzenkandidat|Chancellor candidate}}
File:Ballot 2017 Dutch general elections - 2.jpg, with each party's lead candidate listed at the top]]
= Netherlands =
In the Netherlands, which uses a system of open-list proportional representation, the lead candidates in elections for the House of Representatives are almost always the parties' political leaders. When elected, the lead candidate usually becomes the party's parliamentary leader in the House of Representatives. When a coalition is formed, the lead candidates of the governing parties may be offered senior positions in the Cabinet, requiring them to vacate their seats in parliament. Traditionally, the lead candidate of the largest party in the governing coalition becomes Prime Minister.{{Citation|last=Cohen|first=Bernard Cecil|title=Democracies and Foreign Policy: Public Participation in the United States and the Netherlands|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gZq-a9yqvygC&q=lijsttrekker&pg=PA21|page=21|year=1995|publisher=University of Wisconsin Press|isbn=9780299146405}}{{Citation|last1=Fiers|first1=Stefaan|title=The Low Countries: From 'Prime Minister' to President-Minister|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IJ5cCm9aVoEC&q=lijsttrekker&pg=PA152|work=The Presidentialization of Politics: A Comparative Study of Modern Democracies|page=131|year=2007|publisher=Oxford University Press|last2=Krouwel|first2=André}}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
File:Politiek debat lokale partijen Spijkenisse gemeenteraadsverkiezingen.jpg in Nissewaard]]
The term is also used in provincial, municipal, water board and island council elections, as well as in elections to the European Parliament and the Senate. In these elections, the lead candidates of national parties tend to be different from the party leaders. They are also not the parties' nominees for the positions of King's commissioner, mayor, dike-reeve or lieutenant governor.
= Belgium =
In Belgium, elections to the Chamber of Representatives only feature provincial electoral lists since the 2012–2014 state reform. As a consequence, there are usually six lead candidates per party. In general, one of them is the party leader. Prior to the state reform, some of the party leaders ran as lijsttrekker on the Senate list.
See also
- Lijstduwer – the last candidate on the electoral list