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Lebap Region

{{Short description|Region of Turkmenistan}}

{{coord|39|0|N|63|0|E|display=title}}

{{Infobox settlement

| name = Lebap

| native_name = Lebap welaýaty

| native_name_lang =

| settlement_type = Region

| image_skyline = {{multiple image

| border = infobox

| perrow = 1/2/2/2/2

| total_width = 250

| image1 = Interior view Dayahatyn caravansarai Turkmenistan.jpg

| image2 = Lebap welaýatynyň Ruhyýet köşgi.jpg

| image3 = Центр Туркменабада.jpg

| footer = From the top, Entrance to Dayahatyn, Lebap Region Palace of Spirituality, Türkmenabat}}

| image_alt =

| image_caption =

| image_flag =

| flag_alt =

| image_seal =

| seal_alt =

| image_shield =

| shield_alt =

| etymology =

| nickname =

| image_map = Lebap Province in Turkmenistan.svg

| map_alt =

| map_caption = Lebap region in Turkmenistan

| coordinates =

| area_total_km2 = 93727

| area_rank =

| population_as_of = 2022 (census)

| population_footnotes =

| population_total = 1,447,298

| population_density_km2 = auto

| subdivision_type = Country

| subdivision_name = {{flag|Turkmenistan}}

| subdivision_type1 = Capital

| subdivision_name1 = Türkmenabat

| subdivision_type2 =

| subdivision_name2 =

| website = {{URL|https://lebap.gov.tm/}}

}}

Lebap Region ({{langx|tk|Lebap welaýaty}}) is one of the regions of Turkmenistan. It is in the northeast of the country, bordering Afghanistan, Uzbekistan along the Amu Darya. Its administrative centre is Türkmenabat (formerly named Çärjew). It has an area of 93,727 square kilometers, and a population of 1,447,298 people (2022 census).{{Cite web |title=Turkmenistan: Regions, Major Cities & Towns - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/turkmenistan/ |access-date=2024-01-16 |website=www.citypopulation.de}}Statistical Yearbook of Turkmenistan 2000-2004, National Institute of State Statistics and Information of Turkmenistan, Ashgabat, 2005.

The name Lebap is a Turkmenized form of the Persian Lab-e āb ({{Langx|fa|links=no|لب آب}}), which means "riverside" and has long been used to designate the middle reaches of the Amu Darya.UNESCO., Ahmad Hasan Dani, and V. M. Masson. 1992. [https://books.google.com/books?id=AzG5llo3YCMC&dq=lebap+lab-i+ab&pg=PA128 History of civilizations of Central Asia]. Vol. V. Paris: Unesco. p.128

It contains the Repetek Nature Reserve as well as the Köýtendag Nature Reserve, which includes Turkmenistan's highest mountain, Aýrybaba (3137 meters). Lebap is also home to the Dayahatyn caravansaray.

The region is located along the Amu Darya. The Kyzylkum Desert is located on the east side of the river and Karakum Desert is located on the west side of the river. About three-quarters of the region's land area is in the Karakum Desert.{{cite book|title=TÜRKMENISTANYŇ GEOGRAFIÝASY|last1=Çaryýew|first1=B.|last2=Ilamanow|first2=Ýa.|publisher=Ministry of Education|date=2010| place=Ashgabat |url=https://www.kitaphana.net/book/457/read |page=296 |language=Turkmen}} The region's sunny weather and abundance of water resources help produce high-quality long-staple cotton.

History

File:Dinosaur-plateau.jpg

{{See also|Amu Darya#History}}

The region of present-day Lebap once occupied a spot along the Silk Road. The 9th-10th century caravansaray of Dayahatyn is located within Lebap.{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2015-06-04|title=Ambassador Mustard Travels to Lebap Province|url=https://tm.usembassy.gov/ambassador-mustard-travels-lebap-province/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101214128/https://tm.usembassy.gov/ambassador-mustard-travels-lebap-province/|archive-date=2021-01-01|access-date=2021-01-01|website=U.S. Embassy in Turkmenistan|publisher=United States Department of State|language=en-US}}

=Bukhara and Khiva khanates=

Prior to the Russian Revolution, much of today's Lebap Region was part of either the Khanate of Bukhara{{cite book|title=Туркменистан |first=P. |last=Skosyrev |date=1948 |publisher=Molodaya Gvardiya |place=Moscow |page=192 |language=ru}} or the Khanate of Khiva.{{cite book|title=Туркменистан |first=P. |last=Skosyrev |date=1948 |publisher=Molodaya Gvardiya |place=Moscow |page=194 |language=ru}} The last khan of Bukhara, Sayyid Mir Muhammad Alim Khan, nominally submitted to Soviet authority, but in reality joined the Basmachi movement and rebelled against the Bolsheviks. He fled in 1920, and the area was declared a people's republic until Soviet power was firmly established in 1924. In that same year, the settlements at Çärjew and Kerki were formally assigned to the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic, along with the western parts of the Khiva khanate along the Amu Darya.

=Recent history=

On April 27, 2020, the region was hit by a severe windstorm.{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=30 April 2020|title=Turkmen Province 'In Chaos' After Deadly Windstorms|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/turkmen-province-in-chaos-after-deadly-windstorms/30585718.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101211619/https://www.rferl.org/a/turkmen-province-in-chaos-after-deadly-windstorms/30585718.html|archive-date=2021-01-01|access-date=2021-01-01|website=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty|publisher=U.S. Agency for Global Media|language=en}} RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty alleged that the storm disrupted much of the region's electrical grid, public water supplies, natural gas connections, cell service, and internet connection. A local human rights website, Turkmen.news, reported that many people were admitted to the regional hospital in Türkmenabat after suffering injuries. They also alleged that there was sporadic looting in the storm's aftermath and that food prices in the region rose as a result of the storm. Local Turkmen media reported 10 deaths resulting from the storm, while Turkmen.news suggested that the true death toll was likely in the dozens, and dozens remained unaccounted for in the storm's aftermath. The rights group Human Rights Watch condemned what it perceived as "censorship" by local officials following the storm, noting that one group alleged that local police were watching out for people filming the storm's damage, and another group reported that dozens of people were detained for allegedly sending videos "abroad".{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2020-05-04|title=Turkmenistan Government's Deafening Silence After Hurricane|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/05/04/turkmenistan-governments-deafening-silence-after-hurricane|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924091946/https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/05/04/turkmenistan-governments-deafening-silence-after-hurricane|archive-date=2020-09-24|access-date=2021-01-01|website=Human Rights Watch|language=en}}

In December 2020, RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty reported that regional officials threatened to cut off the region's population from subsidized food if they were not up to date on their utility bills.{{Cite web|last=Najibullah|first=Farangis|date=2020-12-25|title=Grim Choice: Turkmen Warned Of Food Cutoffs Over Unpaid Utility Bills|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/turkmen-food-subsidies-cut-unpaid-utility-bills/31019079.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101213157/https://www.rferl.org/a/turkmen-food-subsidies-cut-unpaid-utility-bills/31019079.html|archive-date=2021-01-01|access-date=2021-01-01|website=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty|language=en}} The agency reported that many in the region received seasonal income from farming, and often did not earn money in the winter, and such matters were complicated by a decrease in remittances to the region as a result of the economic fallout from COVID-19.

Demographic

= Table of National composition of the population of Lebap region (2022) =

Table:

{{cite web |url=https://www.stat.gov.tm/population-census-pdfs/results/en/4.pdf}}

class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"

! rowspan="3" |Ethnicity

! colspan="2" | Total

! colspan="2" | Urban

! colspan="2" | Rural

Population

! %

! Population

! %

! Population

! %

Turkmens

| 1,292,180

89.28%

| 555,200

84.63%

| 736,980

93.14%
Uzbeks

| 136,499

9.43%

| 83,556

12.74%

| 52,943

6.69%
Russians

| 11,791

0.82%

| 11,604

1.77%

| 187

0.03%
Kazakhs

| 1,793

0.12%

| 956

0.14%

| 837

0.11%
Tatars

| 1,653

0.12%

| 1,616

0.25%

| 37

0.00%
Azerbaijanis

| 938

0.06%

| 773

0.12%

| 165

0.02%
Balochi

| 500

0.03%

| 494

0.07%

| 6

0.00%
Armenians

| 397

0.03%

| 386

0.06%

| 11

0.00%
Ukrainians

| 297

0.02%

| 286

0.04%

| 11

0.00%
Koreans

| 168

0.01%

| 164

0.02%

| 4

0.00%
Persians

| 131

0.01%

| 107

0.02%

| 24

0.00%
Lezgins

| 102

0.01%

| 102

0.02%

| −

−
Afghans

| 99

0.01%

| 99

0.02%

| −

−
Karakalpaks

| 15

0.00%

| 13

0.00%

| 2

0.00%
Kurds

| 12

0.00%

| 10

0.00%

| 2

0.00%
other nationalities

| 723

0.05%

| 655

0.10%

| 68

0.01%
class="sortbottom"

! Total

! 1,446,282

100%

! 1,292,024

100%

! 154,258

100%

Administrative divisions

As of 2021, according to the official website of the regional government, Lebap Region included one city with status equivalent to a district, 10 districts, 14 cities "in the district" ({{langx|tk|etrapdaky}}), 24 towns, 105 rural councils, and 429 villages.{{cite web|url=https://lebap.gov.tm/about|title=Lebap Region official website|access-date=10 April 2021}}

= Districts =

As of 9 November 2022 Lebap Region ({{Langx|tk|Lebap welaýaty}}) is subdivided into eight districts (etrap, plural etraplar):{{cite news|url=https://turkmenistan.gov.tm/ru/post/67749/postanovlenie-medzhlisa-milli-gengesha-turkmenistana-8 |title=Постановление Меджлиса Милли Генгеша Туркменистана |date=10 November 2022 |language=ru |publisher=Электронная газета «Золотой век»}}{{cite book|title=Türkmenistanyş Mejlisiniň Karary|chapter=Türkmenistanyň dolandyryş-çäk birlikleriniň Sanawy|date=2010–2018|author=Türkmenistanyň Mejlisi|place=Ashgabat}} This document is reproduced online at https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Districts_in_Turkmenistan.{{cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=|script-title=ru:Административно-территориальное деление Туркменистана по регионам по состоянию на 1 января 2017 года|url=http://www.stat.gov.tm/ru/ba-sahypa/trkmenistany-sebitler-bouna-br-administratiw-klein-blnii/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180708220824/http://www.stat.gov.tm/ru/ba-sahypa/trkmenistany-sebitler-bouna-br-administratiw-klein-blnii/|archive-date=2018-07-08|access-date=2018-07-08|website=|publisher=State Committee of Turkmenistan on Statistics|language=ru}}{{cite web|last=|first=|date=2017-11-27|title=|script-title=ru: Внесены изменения в административно-территориальное деление Лебапского велаята|url=http://www.turkmenistan.gov.tm/?id=15119|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180708220824/http://www.turkmenistan.gov.tm/?id=15119|archive-date=2018-07-08|access-date=2021-01-01|website=turkmenistan.gov.tm|language=ru}}

:* Çarjew (formerly Serdarabat)

:* Darganata (formerly Birata)

:* Dänew (formerly Galkynyş)

:* Halaç

:* Hojambaz

:* Kerki (formerly Atamyrat)

:* Köýtendag (formerly Çarşaňňy)

:* Saýat

In November 2017 four districts, (Beýik Türkmenbaşy, Garaşsyzlyk, Garabekwül, and Sakar), were abolished and their territories absorbed by other districts. In November 2022 another two districts, Döwletli and Farap, were similarly abolished.

= Municipalities =

{{See also|List of cities in Turkmenistan}}

As of January 1, 2017, the region included 15 cities ({{Langx|tk|şäherler}}, {{Langx|ru|города}}), 23 towns ({{Langx|tk|şäherçeler}}, {{Langx|ru|посёлки}}), 106 rural or village councils ({{Langx|tk|geňeşlikler}}, {{Langx|ru|сельские советы}}), and 430 villages ({{Langx|tk|obalar}}, {{Langx|ru|сёла}}, or {{Langx|ru|сельские населенные пункты}}).

In the list below, the lone city with "district status" is bolded:

:* Dänew (formerly Galkynyş)

:* Darganata (formerly Birata)

:* Dostluk (formerly Yuzhnyy)

:* Farap

:* Garabekewül

:* Gazojak

:* Halaç

:* Hojambaz

:* Kerki (formerly Atamyrat)

:* Köýtendag (formerly Çarşaňňy)

:* Magdanly (formerly Gowurdak)

:* Sakar

:* Saýat

:* Seýdi (formerly Neftezavodsk)

:* Türkmenabat (formerly Çärjew)

Economy

=Agriculture=

Crop production in Lebap is heavily dependent on irrigation from the Amu Darya. Fields are cultivated when one-and-a-half to two meters above the floodplains of the river, primarily cereal grains and cotton.{{cite book|title=Туркменистан |first=P. |last=Skosyrev |date=1948 |publisher=Molodaya Gvardiya |place=Moscow |pages=201–202 |language=ru}}

class="wikitable"

| colspan="7" align="center"|Lebap Region: area and production of selected crops, 2017-2019{{cite book|title=Türkmenistanyň Ýyllyk Statistik Neşiri 2019 Ýyl|page=67|date=2020|place=Ashgabat|language=Turkmen, Russian, English|publisher=State Committee of Statistics of Turkmenistan}}

| colspan="3" |area, thousand hectares

| colspan="3" |production, thousand tonnes

| align="center" |2017

| align="center" |2018

| align="center" |2019

| align="center" |2017

| align="center" |2018

| align="center" |2019

Cereals and legumes

| align="right" |191.1

| align="right" |172.5

| align="right" |174.5

| align="right" |428.0

| align="right" |274.9

| align="right" |428.7

Cotton

| align="right" |120.0

| align="right" |120.0

| align="right" |120.0

| align="right" |302.3

| align="right" |301.6

| align="right" |307.4

Vegetables

| align="right" |13.0

| align="right" |13.8

| align="right" |14.9

| align="right" |183.3

| align="right" |193.4

| align="right" |211.3

=Extraction industries=

Lebap is rich in various natural resources, most notably, natural gas. The region is home to the Malai Gas Field and the Bagtyýarlyk Gas Field, which both serve as major suppliers of natural gas to China.{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2016-04-25|title=Turkmenistan to up gas supply to China|url=https://www.azernews.az/region/95716.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101220324/https://www.azernews.az/region/95716.html|archive-date=2021-01-01|access-date=2021-01-01|website=AzerNews}}{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2015-09-28|title=Turkmenistan supplied 125BCM of gas to China|url=http://www.naturalgaseurope.com/turkmenistan-supplied-125-bcm-gas-to-china-25610|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811061546/http://www.naturalgaseurope.com/turkmenistan-supplied-125-bcm-gas-to-china-25610|archive-date=2016-08-11|access-date=2021-01-01|website=Natural Gas Europe|publisher=Natural Gas World}}

The Garlyk Mining and Enrichment Amalgamate in Köýtendag District produces potash fertilizer, and the Seýdi Oil Refinery is one of two petroleum refineries in Turkmenistan.

From antiquity, local residents quarried sulfur, zinc and lead in the Köýtendag (Kungitang) foothills for domestic needs, including casting of bullets.{{cite book|title=Туркменистан |first=P. |last=Skosyrev |date=1948 |publisher=Molodaya Gvardiya |place=Moscow |page=203 |language=ru}} During the Soviet period, a lead mine was dug and the town of Svintsovyy Rudnik"lead ore mine" in English; today called Gurşun Magdan Käni şäherçesi, "town of lead ore mine" was founded.[https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/531255297#map=14/37.8651/66.4389 Way: Gurshun Magdan Kani (531255297)]

{{Further|Gowurdak mine}}

=Construction materials=

The Lebap Cement Plant in Turkmenabat has a design capacity of one million tons per year. Polimeks built it in 2012.{{cite web|url= http://polimeks.com/ru/buildingdetail/51/5/лебапский-цементный-завод |title=Лебапский цементный завод Туркменабад – 2012 |publisher=Polimeks |language=ru, en, tr |access-date=18 April 2021}} In 2020, construction of a second plant, in Köýtendag District, also with a design capacity of one million tons, got underway.{{cite news|url=https://arzuw.news/v-lebapskom-velajate-nachali-stroitelstvo-2-j-ocheredi-cementnogo-zavoda |title=В Лебапском велаяте началось строительство 2-й очереди цементного завода |date=15 July 2020 |language=ru |publisher=Arzuw}}{{cite news|url=https://turkmenportal.com/blog/28610/v-koitendagskom-etrape-nachnetsya-stroitelstvo-vtoroi-ocheredi-cementnogo-zavoda-lebap |title=В Койтендагском этрапе начнется строительство второй очереди цементного завода «Лебап» |date=3 July 2020 |language=ru |publisher=Turkmenportal}}

=Power generation=

The Zerger power plant under construction by Sumitomo, Mitsubishi, Hitachi, and Rönesans Holding in Çärjew District will have a design capacity of 432 megawatts. It is primarily intended for export of electricity. The Zerger plant will use natural gas from the Üçajy Gas Field ({{langx|ru|Учаджинскоe газодобывающеe месторождениe}}), delivered via a 125-km high-pressure pipeline.{{cite news|url= https://turkmenistan.gov.tm/ru/post/53395/novosti-lebapa-proizvodstvo-shelkovichnyh-kokonov-i-stroitelstvo-magistralnogo-gazoprovoda| title= Новости Лебапа: производство шелковичных коконов и строительство магистрального газопровода|date=9 April 2021|language=Russian | publisher=«Туркменистан: золотой век»}}

class="wikitable"

| colspan="4" align="center"|Lebap Region: Production of selected industrial and processed goods, 2017-2019{{cite book|title=Türkmenistanyň Ýyllyk Statistik Neşiri 2019 Ýyl|pages=44–49|date=2020|place=Ashgabat|language=Turkmen, Russian, English|publisher=State Committee of Statistics of Turkmenistan}}

| align="center" |2017

| align="center" |2018

| align="center" |2019

Electricity, million kwh

| align="right" |2,144.1

| align="right" |2,003.9

| align="right" |1,820.7

Natural gas, billion m3

| align="right" |27.8

| align="right" |24.8

| align="right" |23.0

Oil (including gas condensate), thousand tonnes

| align="right" |595.9

| align="right" |567.8

| align="right" |581.9

Gasoline, thousand tonnes

| align="right" |215.0

| align="right" |218.5

| align="right" |221.8

Diesel fuel, thousand tonnes

| align="right" |173{{nbsp}}{{nbsp}}{{nbsp}}

| align="right" |190{{nbsp}}{{nbsp}}{{nbsp}}

| align="right" |162{{nbsp}}{{nbsp}}{{nbsp}}

Bunker oil, thousand tonnes

| align="right" |76{{nbsp}}{{nbsp}}{{nbsp}}

| align="right" |-{{nbsp}}{{nbsp}}{{nbsp}}

| align="right" |90{{nbsp}}{{nbsp}}{{nbsp}}

Mineral fertilizers, NPK basis, thousand tonnes

| align="right" |30.2

| align="right" |46.1

| align="right" |51.1

Cement, thousand tonnes

| align="right" |861.9

| align="right" |935.6

| align="right" |857.3

Bricks, million

| align="right" |217.3

| align="right" |256.0

| align="right" |269.9

Cotton lint, thousand tonnes

| align="right" |86.2

| align="right" |41.0

| align="right" |107.1

Raw silk, tonnes

| align="right" |83{{nbsp}}{{nbsp}}{{nbsp}}

| align="right" |74{{nbsp}}{{nbsp}}{{nbsp}}

| align="right" |81{{nbsp}}{{nbsp}}{{nbsp}}

Cotton yarn. thousand tonnes

| align="right" |21.8

| align="right" |22.4

| align="right" |22.7

Silk textiles, million m2

| align="right" |0.5

| align="right" |0.4

| align="right" |0.4

Cotton textiles, million m2

| align="right" |8.5

| align="right" |8.3

| align="right" |11.6

Unwoven fabric, thousand m2

| align="right" |9,173{{nbsp}}{{nbsp}}{{nbsp}}

| align="right" |-{{nbsp}}{{nbsp}}{{nbsp}}

| align="right" |-{{nbsp}}{{nbsp}}{{nbsp}}

Nature preserves and reservations

Tourist attractions

  • Aýrybaba
  • Dayahatyn caravansaray (in use 9th to 16th centuries)
  • Dinosaur Plateau{{cite web|url=https://alpagama.org/sledy-dinozavrov-v-kojtendage.html |title=Следы динозавров в Койтендаге|first=A.|last=Bushmakin |date=4 February 2012 |language=ru|publisher=Alpagama}}{{cite news|url=https://alpagama.org/vsyo-o-kojtendage-ajrybaba-hodzhapil-plato-dinozavrov-karlyukskie-peshhery.html |title=Всё о Койтендаге: Айрыбаба, Ходжапиль, Плато динозавров, Карлюкские пещеры…| date=7 April 2015 |language=ru |publisher=Alpagama}}

See also

  • [https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Lebap_Province OpenStreetMap Wiki: Lebap Province]
  • [https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Districts_in_Turkmenistan OpenStreetMap Wiki: Districts in Turkmenistan]

References

{{Reflist}}{{Geographic location

|Centre = Lebap Region

|North = Xorazm Region, {{flag|Uzbekistan}}
Karakalpakstan, {{flag|Uzbekistan}}

|Northeast = Buxoro Region, {{flag|Uzbekistan}}
Qashqadaryo Region, {{flag|Uzbekistan}}

|East = Surxondaryo Region, {{flag|Uzbekistan}}

|Southeast = Balkh Province, {{flag|Afghanistan}}
Jowzjan Province, {{flag|Afghanistan}}

|South = Faryab Province, {{flag|Afghanistan}}

|Southwest = Mary Region

|West = Ahal Region

|Northwest = Daşoguz Region

}}

External links

  • [https://lebap.gov.tm/ Official website]

{{Regions of Turkmenistan}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Regions of Turkmenistan