Len Fox

Fox was born in Melbourne. His uncle was the painter Emanuel Phillips Fox, who died when Len Fox was aged 10. In 1984 Fox donated a painting Sunlight Effect painted by his uncle (ca. 1889) to the National Gallery of Australia, in memory of his mother.

Fox studied science at the University of Melbourne, concurrently earning a Diploma of Education. He taught at Scotch College from 1928 to 1932, then spent four years in Europe where he witnessed the rise of Fascism. On returning to Melbourne he joined the Movement Against War and Fascism and the Communist Party of Australia. He was to remain a member until 1970, long after most 'comrades' had quit as a reaction to the Stalinist purges.{{cite journal|author=Deacon|first=Vera|author-link=Vera Deacon|date=Summer 2003–04|title=Farewell to Leonard Phillips Fox|url=http://asslh.org.au/hummer/vol-4-no-1/fox/|journal=The Hummer|publisher=Australian Society for the Study of Labour History|volume=4|access-date=17 July 2013|number=1}}

His career as a journalist began in 1936 with a pamphlet entitled Spain!.

He moved to Sydney in 1940, and immediately started writing for left-wing weeklies, starting with The Voice of State Labor. He took up painting, producing an array of left-wing propagandist posters, and covers for his many booklets, such as Australia's Guilty Men, a 32-page diatribe against (inter alia) Prime Minister Robert Menzies for his dealings with Axis countries in the early days of WWII{{cite journal|url=http://www.aamh.asn.au/news/0083.pdf |author=Anderson, Hugh |title=Len Fox alive and kicking |series=Quarterly Newsletter |journal=The Australian Association for Maritime History |date=June 2001 |number=83 |page=8 |access-date=19 July 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130409095314/http://www.aamh.asn.au/news/0083.pdf |archive-date= 9 April 2013 }} When the State Labor Party collapsed in 1944, he took up with The Tribune where he worked from 1946 to 1955,{{cite journal |first=Rowan |last=Cahill |url=http://workers.labor.net.au/36/c_historicalfeature_fox.html |title=How the Cunning Fox Survived |journal=Workers Online |date=22 October 1999 |access-date=19 July 2013 }} and in which he first wrote defending refugees and Jews against prejudice{{Cite news |last=Hyman |first=David |date=23 March 1944 |title=Len Fox Answers Hitler's Anti-Semitic Allies |pages=2 |work=Tribune |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article208687418}}

In 1955 he married Mona Brand, a fellow Communist and idealist, who was to become a respected playwright. At the instigation of Wilfred Burchett, they spent 1955–56 in Hanoi, he working as a print journalist, she for Radio Hanoi.

In 1956, Fox was a co-founder of the Indigenous rights organisation the Aboriginal-Australian Fellowship, along with Pearl Gibbs, Charles Leon, Ray Peckham, Bert Groves, Grace Bardsley, Faith Bandler, and Jack Horner.{{cite web | title=Aboriginal-Australian Fellowship | website=A History of Aboriginal Sydney | url=https://www.historyofaboriginalsydney.edu.au/central/aboriginal-australian-fellowship|date=29 June 2020 | access-date=2 December 2020}}{{Cite journal|url=http://press-files.anu.edu.au/downloads/press/p71511/pdf/article011.pdf|title=Three Tributes to Pearl Gibbs|journal=Aboriginal History|volume= 7|issue=1 (1901-1983)|date=1983|via=Australian National University|access-date=2 December 2020}}

Fox and Brand's home for the next 50 years was a modest terrace house in Little Surrey Street, near Kings Cross,{{cite web |url=http://www.crossart.com.au/L_fox.html |title=Comrades up the Cross: Len Fox |author1=Holder, Jo |author2=Brand, Mona |author-link2=Mona Brand |work=Kings Cross Arts Festival |publisher=The Cross Art Projects |access-date=19 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513230247/http://crossart.com.au/L_fox.html |archive-date=13 May 2013 |url-status=dead }} in an era when the area was not fashionable. They were together when he died, and his coffin was draped with the Eureka Flag, long a subject of his research and of three of his books, authenticating a flag in the Ballarat Art Gallery as the flag that flew over the stockade of the Eureka rebels in 1854.{{Cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/894471930 |title=Len Fox 1905-2004 |date=2004 |publisher=Research Online |language=en|oclc=894471930}}

In December 1944, Fox published an article about the as then unconfirmed fragments of the Eureka Flag held by the Art Gallery of Ballarat. He entered into correspondence with the family of Private John King, the art gallery, and Ballarat local historian Nathan Spielvogel. The art gallery gave Fox a sample of the Eureka Flag in March 1945, along with a drawing.{{sfn|Fox|1982|p=174–182}}

Spielvogel doubted the authenticity of the fragments held by the art gallery. On a visit to Ballarat later that year, Fox visited the art gallery and was given two more pieces by the custodians.{{sfn|Fox|1982|p=174–182}} In his 1963 self-published booklet, Fox advanced his argument about why the King fragments are authentic.{{sfn|Fox|1963}} Perhaps due to interest generated by Fox's publication, the main Eureka flag remnants were transferred to a safe at the art gallery later in 1963.{{sfn|Beggs-Sunter|2004|p=51}}

Fox's widow Mona initiated the Len Fox Painting Award in his memory. From 2011 and bi-annually the Castlemaine Art Museum invites entrants from amongst living Australian artists who are to represent in painting their reactions to the art and life of Emanuel Phillips Fox whose first biography was written by Len Fox in 1985.{{Cite book |last1=Fox |first1=Len |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/16793801 |title=E. Phillips Fox and his family |last2=Fox |first2=Emanuel Phillips |date=1985 |publisher=The Author |isbn=978-0-9589239-0-3 |location=Potts Point, NSW |language=en|oclc=16793801}} One winner is awarded $50,000 and their painting acquired for the collection of the Art Museum. It is amongst the richest painting prizes in Australia.{{Cite web |title=Len Fox Painting Prize 2022 |url=https://www.artshub.com.au/event/len-fox-painting-prize-2022-2535103/ |access-date=2022-05-20 |website=ArtsHub Australia |language=en-AU}} The 2021 winner was First Nations artist Betty Kuntiwa Pumani.{{Cite web |last=Dennis |first=Lisa |date=2021-08-12 |title=Len Fox Art Prize now open |url=https://castlemainemail.com.au/entertainment/2021/08/13/len-fox-art-prize-now-open/ |access-date=2022-05-20 |website=Castlemaine Mail |language=en-US}}

(not included are the many dozens of pamphlets and booklets published for various left-wing organizations)

• The Strange Story of the Eureka Flag self-published 1963
• Depression Down Under (ed.) self-published 1977 {{ISBN|0-9598104-3-9}}
• Old Sydney Windmills Self-published 1978 {{ISBN|0-9598104-5-5}}
• The Aboriginals pub. Thomas Nelson (Australia) 1978 {{ISBN|0-17-005155-2}}
• Marani in Australia with Faith Bandler, pub. Rigby, Adelaide 1980 {{ISBN|0-7270-1254-1}}
• Broad Left, Narrow Left self-published 1982 {{ISBN|0-9598104-9-8}}
• The Time was Ripe: A History of the Aboriginal-Australian Fellowship, 1956–69 with Faith Bandler Alternative Publishing Cooperative 1983 {{ISBN|0-909188-78-5}}
• E Phillips Fox and His Family self-published 1985 {{ISBN|0-9589239-0-6}}
• Depression Down Under (ed.) 2nd edition, Hale and Iremonger, 1989 {{ISBN|0-909497-50-8}}
• Dream at a Graveside: The History of the Fellowship of Australian Writers 1928 - 1988 (ed. 1989) {{ISBN|0-909497-50-8}}
• East Sydney Sketches Self-published 1991 {{ISBN|0-9589239-4-9}}
• When I Was Ten: Memories of childhood 1905 - 1985 (ed. with Hilarie Lindsay 1993) Fellowship of Australian Writers {{ISBN|0-909497-69-9}}
• Australians on the Left self-published 1996 {{ISBN|0-9589239-6-5}}
• Glimpses of a Century self-published 2000 {{ISBN|1-74018-146-8}}

• On guard at Eureka, 1854 was accepted for exhibition for the 1955 Sulman Prize

• Emanuel Phillips Fox
• Mona Brand

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• {{cite book |last=Beggs-Sunter |first=Anne |editor-last=Mayne |editor-first=Alan |title=Eureka: reappraising an Australian Legend |chapter=Contesting the Flag: the mixed messages of the Eureka Flag |year=2004 |publisher=Network Books |location=Perth, Australia |others=Paper originally presented at Eureka Seminar, University of Melbourne History Department, 1 December 2004 |isbn=978-1-92-084536-0}}
• {{Cite book |last=Fox |first=Len |title=The strange story of the Eureka flag |publisher=The Author |location=Darlinghurst |year=1963 |author-link=Len Fox}}
• {{Cite book |last=Fox |first=Len |title=Broad left, Narrow left |publisher=The Author |location=Potts Point |year=1982 |isbn=978-0-95-981049-3 |author-link=Len Fox}}

{{refend}}

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Category:2004 deaths

Category:1905 births

Category:20th-century Australian non-fiction writers

Category:Artists from Melbourne

Category:Writers from Melbourne

Category:20th-century Australian painters

Category:Communist Party of Australia members