Leucocrinum

The common starlily is a small herbaceous plant reaching just {{convert|5 to 10|cm|0|sp=us}} in height.{{sfn|Reveal & Utech 2020b}} Plants consist of a stemless tuft of narrow, hairless, grass-like leaves that may reach {{cvt|10–20|cm|0}} in length and just 2–8 millimeters in width.{{sfn|Heil et al. 2013|p=630}}{{sfn|Reveal & Utech 2020b}} The edges of the leaves are slightly white in color and they have a U-shaped cross section.{{sfn|Strickler|1993|p=42}} The base of each leaf tuft is surrounded by a {{plantgloss|membranous}} sheath.{{sfn|Reveal & Utech 2020a}} Underground the plant has a short caudex, also called a crown, that is usually about {{cvt|2|in|cm|0|order=flip}} under the soil surface.{{sfn|McNeal|2012}}{{sfn|Barr|2015|p=115}} The roots resemble fleshy strings growing out from a central point and are light gray to tan in color.{{sfn|Welsh et al. 1987|p=808}}{{sfn|Van Bruggen|2013|p=50}} They are geophytes, a plant that avoids unfavorable conditions by dying back to their fleshy roots for most of the year,{{sfn|Rundel|1996|pp=355, 360}} with its leaves disappearing by early summer.{{sfn|Denver Botanic Gardens 2018|p=242}}

Starlily is one of the best known early spring Rocky Mountain wildflowers.{{sfn|Weber|1961|p=80}} Its flowers are stemless, like the leaves, but grow from an underground umbel-like flower stalk. There are often four to eight snowy white flowers per cluster each with six tepals, three nearly identical petals and sepals with a narrow pointed shape that spreads outward to resemble a star.{{sfn|Lommasson|1973|p=8}} The flowers are of a translucent or crystalline character rather than waxy and the thin tepals glisten in sunlight.{{sfn|Wilder|1936|p=217}} Each measures {{convert|2 to 2.5|cm||abbr=on|sigfig=1}} long, but just 3–7 millimeters wide.{{sfn|Reveal & Utech 2020b}}

The base of the tepals fuse into a long tube attaching to the underground parts.{{sfn|Lommasson|1973|p=8}} The floral tube can be {{convert|4 to 10|cm||abbr=on}} long, but typically is {{convert|5 to 8|cm||abbr=on}} in length.{{sfn|Reveal & Utech 2020b}} The six thread-like stamens attach near the top of the tube with an exposed portion shorter than the tepals.{{sfn|Heil et al. 2013|p=630}} Each stamen is topped with bright yellow pollen.{{sfn|Robertson|1999|p=105}} The species is dimorphic in its pollen production, with two distinct pollen forms occurring in separate populations.{{sfn|Reveal & Utech 2020b}}{{sfn|Ornduff|Cave|1975|p=65}} Flowers are accompanied by an intense, sweet fragrance.{{sfn|McCully|1931|p=153}}{{sfn|Denver Botanic Gardens 2018|p=242}} Blooming may be as early as March or as late as June.{{sfn|Reveal & Utech 2020b}} Warmth in the month of March causes blooming to begin earlier and precipitation in May and June increases the duration of blooming.{{sfn|Moore|Lauenroth|2017|pp=10, 12}}

The fruit is a three sided capsule, but it is also found underground so it is seldom seen.{{sfn|Heil et al. 2013|p=630}} It will measure about 5–8 mm.{{sfn|Reveal & Utech 2020b}} Each capsule contains a few to several black, angled seeds of about 3 to 4 mm in size.{{sfn|Heil et al. 2013|p=630}}{{sfn|Reveal & Utech 2020b}} According to William Weber and Ronald C. Wittmann the stalk attaching the capsule extends as it becomes mature so that the seeds will be found just under the soil surface and then are pushed up by the next year's emerging flowers.{{sfn|Robertson|1999|p=105}}{{sfn|Weber|Wittmann|2001|p=234}} However, J.G. Lemmon reported in 1877 that when the leaves dry out and blow away their in-curved bases will carry away the seed capsules.{{sfn|Lemmon|1877|p=146}} In the 2006 book Dakota Flora the botanist Dave Ode suggested that ants or other insects dig up and distribute the seeds.{{sfn|Fertig|n.d.}}

Leucocrinum montanum, and the genus of which it is the sole species, was scientifically described by Asa Gray in 1837 with him crediting Thomas Nuttall for the description.{{sfn|POWO 2025a}}{{sfn|POWO 2025b}}{{sfn|Gray|1848|pp=110–111}} Into the 2010s it was usually placed in the family Liliaceae.{{sfn|Heil et al. 2013|p=630}} However, in the APG III system, published in 2009, placed the genus into Asparagaceae in the Agavoideae subfamily.{{sfn|Chase|Reveal|Fay|2009|pp=133–134}} This classification continued in APG IV.{{sfn|Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 2016|p=15}}

Though, alternatively, it is sometimes placed in a family named Anthericaceae. It is most closely related to the plants in genus Echeandia, the craglilies.{{sfn|Van Jaarsveld|Eggli|2020|p=450}}

The genus has one synonym, Leucrinis which was named by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque in 1838.{{sfn|POWO 2025a}} The species has two heterotypic synonyms, both botanical varieties.{{sfn|POWO 2025b}}

File:Leucocrinum montanum - Arvel Hernandez 01.jpg]]

Leucocrinum (Lew-koh-krye-num) is a New Latin construction derived from Greek meaning "white lily".{{sfn|Bailey|1948|p=21}}{{sfn|Reveal & Utech 2020a}} The species name, montanum, means "of the mountains".{{sfn|Heil et al. 2013|p=630}} It is frequently known by the common names common starlily,{{sfn|Van Bruggen|2013|p=50}} starlily,{{sfn|Aiken|1935|p=108}} star-lily,{{sfn|Brako|Rossman|Farr|1995|p=44}} or star lily,{{sfn|Heil et al. 2013|p=630}} however many other plants are casually called star lily including Lilium concolor,{{sfn|Ellis|2001|p=132}} Milla biflora,{{sfn|Crockett 1971|p=128}} and Toxicoscordion fremontii.{{sfn|Cooney-Lazaneo|Lyons|1981|p=108}} It is also very commonly called sandlily,{{sfn|Ells|2006|p=49}} sand-lily,{{sfn|Brako|Rossman|Farr|1995|p=44}} or sand lily,{{sfn|Heil et al. 2013|p=630}} however other species are occasionally known by all three spelling variants including Oenothera caespitosa,{{sfn|Brown|1970|p=203}} Mentzelia decapetala,{{sfn|Wilkinson|1999|p=135}} Colchicum ritchii,{{sfn|Strutin|2001|p=320}} and Pancratium maritimum.{{sfn|Grossi|2003|p=27}} It is also sometimes known by many other lily related names such as mountain-lily,{{sfn|Brako|Rossman|Farr|1995|p=44}} white mountain lily,{{sfn|McCully|1931|p=153}} mountain star-lily,{{sfn|NatureServe 2025}} desert-lily,{{sfn|McFarland|Hatton|Foley|1945|p=261}} and sage lily.{{sfn|Train|Henrichs|Archer|1941|p=100}} It was also occasionally called wild tuberose.{{sfn|McFarland|Hatton|Foley|1945|p=261}}

In the 1890s in Colorado it was called white crocus, despite not being related to those flowers.{{sfn|Kinder|Spencer|1894|p=125}} Also in Colorado, Alice Eastwood recorded the name white prairie lily in 1893.{{sfn|Eastwood|1893|p=48}}

It is called see-goo-ah-gump in the Northern Paiute language.{{sfn|Train|Henrichs|Archer|1941|p=100}} In the Lakȟóta language it is called {{Lang|lkt|yapízapi hú iyéčheča}} with the meaning "it is like feathery false lily of the valley", which is called {{Lang|lkt|yapízapi hú}}.{{sfn|Sage|2015|p=299}}

File:Leucocrinum montanum - Ryan Uncapher 02.jpg, Larimer County, Colorado.]]

Starlily grows across much of the western United States with a range that estimated at between {{convert|200000–2500000|sqkm|sp=us}}.{{sfn|NatureServe 2025}} The eastern part of its range stretches from North Dakota to New Mexico in the shortgrass prairie.{{sfn|Reveal & Utech 2020b}} In North Dakota it is only recorded in two southwestern counties by the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS database (PLANTS), but grows through much of the southern two-thirds of Montana and even as far north as Flathead County. In Wyoming it mostly grows in the eastern half of the state, but also grows in Park County in the northwest. In South Dakota it grows only in the westernmost portion of the state as is the case in neighboring Nebraska.{{sfn|NRCS 2025}} In Colorado it grows in the majority of the eastern plains, but also in some of the mountain and western counties.{{sfn|Ackerfield|2015|p=64}} In New Mexico they are only found in a few areas in the northern part of the state.{{sfn|NRCS 2025}}

The western part of the starlily's range crosses the Rocky Mountains and extends across much of the Great Basin and into the surrounding Intermountain West.{{sfn|Reveal & Utech 2020b}} In Arizona according to PLANTS it is only found in Mohave County. It is also limited to just four counties in southern Utah and the same number in southwestern Idaho. However, it grows in almost all of Nevada and large parts of Oregon east of the Cascades as well as Josephine County.{{sfn|NRCS 2025}} In California they grow in the Klamath Basin east to the Modoc Plateau in the northeast part of the state.{{sfn|Fiedler|1996|p=17}}

The common starlily grows at elevations of {{convert|800|m|sp=us}} up to {{cvt|2400|m}}.{{sfn|Reveal & Utech 2020b}}

The conservation organization NatureServe evaluated Leucocrinum montanum in 2024 and rated it as secure globally (G5). They also rate it as apparently secure (S4) in the states of Montana and Wyoming. However, it is vulnerable (S3) in Nevada and imperiled (S2) in Utah and North Dakota. They rated it as critically imperiled (S1) in Arizona, but have not evaluated other states in its range. There are over 1,800 occurrences that are threatened by human activities, but due to the broad habitat preferences of the species and large number of safe populations it is overall considered secure.{{sfn|NatureServe 2025}}

File:Leucocrinum montanum - Anders Hastings 02.jpg

Common starlily is a minor food source, less than 1% in one study, for the eastern deer mouse on the prairies of Colorado.{{sfn|Flake|1973|p=641}} The North American little black ant visits the flowers to collect pollen and the flowers are also visted by honey bees. The blister beetle Epicauta parvula has been observed eating the flower petals and leaves and the grasshopper Spharagemon equale eats the leaves as well.{{sfn|Lavigne|1976|p=759}} As a catepillar the generalist white-lined sphinx moth (Hyles lineata) sometimes eats the leaves.{{sfn|Baker et al. 2016}} Though it is not a major component of grasslands, grazing cattle show a moderate preference for its leaves.{{sfn|Milchunas|Lauenroth|2008|p=398}} Like cool-season grasses and sedges it is found in higher numbers on rangelands that are grazed at low intensities rather than at high intensities.{{sfn|Wilmer et al. 2018|p=632}} In contrast, in an experiment with captive pronghorns they only consumed trace amounts of starlily when available.{{sfn|Schwartz|Nagy|1976|p=472}}

The disease causing rust species Puccinia sporoboli infects starlilies.{{sfn|Cummins|Greene|1961|pp=272–273}}

One of the Northern Paiute people interviewed at the Duck Valley Indian Reservation in about 1940 reported using the roots ground to a soapy texture to heal sores or swellings.{{sfn|Train|Henrichs|Archer|1941|p=100}} In 1890 the botanist J.W. Blankinship recorded that the Crow people of Montana would eat the roots.{{sfn|Chesnut|Wilcox|1901|p=143}}

The wildflower writer Claude A. Barr reports that, though starlilies do require a well drained soil, they do not need an entirely sandy soil as their name suggests. He recorded them performing best in firm clay, sandy clay loam, or gravelly clay that is low in organic matter.{{sfn|Barr|2015|p=115}} Other writers report good results growing plants in well drained sandy or gravelly loam that is warm and only slightly rich in full sun,{{sfn|McCully|1931|p=153}}{{sfn|Gabrielson|1932|p=141}} though requiring dry conditions.{{sfn|Springer|2000|p=42}} The critical period for the plants is from their dormancy in the late spring until they begin growing in the late winter, with excessive rain during the summer or fall being detrimental to plants.{{sfn|Cobb-Colley|Mineo|1986|p=230}} They cannot compete with other taller garden plants. Their leaves disappear soon after their flowers and so annuals or plants that leaf out later are planted with them. Fall is the least damaging time for moving dormant plants.{{sfn|McFarland|Hatton|Foley|1945|p=261}} A starlily that has been moved or divided will usually not bloom in the next year or perhaps even the year after.{{sfn|Gabrielson|1932|p=141}} The Colorado State University Extension service rates this as one of the least flammable native plants, suitable for landscaping around homes and structures in wildland–urban interface areas.{{sfn|Carter et al. 2023|p=4}}

Leucocrinum montanum - Jared Shorma 02.jpg|Plant with large number of blooms, Boulder Open Space and Trails, Boulder County, Colorado

Leucocrinum montanum - Tait Sougstad 01.jpg|Flowers at dusk in Yellowstone County, Montana

Leucocrinum montanum - Christine Rudman 01.jpg|Plant with white edges on its leaves, on BLM land in Larimer County, Colorado

• List of plants known as lily

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{{refbegin}}

• {{Cite book |last1=Aiken |first1=George D. |author-link1=George Aiken |date=1935 |title=Pioneering with Wildflowers |url=https://archive.org/details/pioneeringwithwi0000geor_r7g2/page/108 |url-access=registration |language=en |location=Putney, Vermont |publisher=The author |oclc=1468469 |access-date=9 March 2025}}
• {{Cite book |last1=Ackerfield |first1=Jennifer |date=2015 |title=Flora of Colorado |language=en |edition=First |location=Fort Worth, Texas |publisher=Botanical Research Institute of Texas Press |isbn=978-1-889878-45-4 |oclc=910162216}}
• {{Cite book |date=1948 |editor-last1=Bailey |editor-first1=Ralph |title=The Home Garden Self-pronouncing Dictionary of Plant Names |url=https://archive.org/details/selfpronouncingd0000ralp/page/21 |url-access=registration |language=en |edition= |location=Garden City, New York |publisher=American Garden Guild |oclc=4374402 |access-date=9 March 2025}}
• {{Cite book |last1=Barr |first1=Claude A. |date=2015 |orig-date=1983 |editor-last1=Locklear |editor-first1=James H. |title=Jewels of the Plains: Wildflowers of the Great Plains Grasslands and Hills |language=en |edition=Revised |location=Minneapolis, Minnesota |publisher=University of Minnesota Press |isbn=978-0-8166-9801-1 |oclc=928894341}}
• {{Cite book |last1=Brako |first1=Lois |last2=Rossman |first2=Amy Y. |last3=Farr |first3=David F. |date=1995 |title=Scientific and Common Names of 7,000 Vascular Plants in the United States |url=https://archive.org/details/scientificcommon0000brak |url-access=registration |series=Contributions from the U.S. national fungus collection; no.7 |language=en |edition=Second Printing |location=St. Paul, Minnesota |publisher=APS Press |isbn=978-0-89054-171-5 |oclc=31799649 |access-date=9 March 2025}}
• {{Cite book |last1=Brown |first1=Annora |author-link1=Annora Brown |date=1970 |orig-date=1954 |title=Old Man's Garden |url=https://archive.org/details/oldmansgarden0000brow/page/203 |url-access=registration |language=en |location=Sidney, British Columbia |publisher=Gray's Publishing |oclc=3211768 |access-date=9 March 2025}}
• {{Cite book |last1=Chesnut |first1=V. K. (Victor King) |last2=Wilcox |first2=Earley Vernon |date=1901 |title=The Stock-poisoning Plants of Montana: A Preliminary Report |url=https://archive.org/details/stockpoisoningpl00ches/page/143 |language=en |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=United States Division of Botany |oclc=58598406 |access-date=9 March 2025}}
• {{Cite book |last1=Cobb-Colley |first1=Jerry |last2=Mineo |first2=Baldassare |date=1986 |chapter=28. In a Rare Plant Nursery |editor-last1=Williams |editor-first1=Jean Taylor |editor-last2=Kelaidis |editor-first2=Gwen |editor-last3=Kelaidis |editor-first3=Panayoti |editor-last4=Pachuta |editor-first4=Patricia A. |title=Rocky Mountain Alpines: Choice Rock Garden Plants of the Rocky Mountains in the Wild and in the Garden |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/rockymountainalp0000unse/page/230 |chapter-url-access=registration |language=en |location=Portland, Oregon |publisher=Timber Press |isbn=978-0-88192-058-1 |oclc=14561962 |access-date=9 March 2025}}
• {{Cite book |last1=Cooney-Lazaneo |first1=Mary Beth |last2=Lyons |first2=Kathleen B. |date=1981 |title=Plants of Big Basin Redwoods State Park and the Coastal Mountains of Northern California |url=https://archive.org/details/plantsofbigbasin00coon/page/108 |url-access=registration |language=en |location=Missoula, Montana |publisher=Mountain Press Publishing Company |isbn=978-0-87842-135-0 |oclc=6420873 |access-date=9 March 2025}}
• {{Cite book |last1=Crockett |first1=James Underwood |last2=Time-Life Books |date=1971 |title=Bulbs |url=https://archive.org/details/bulb00croc/page/128 |url-access=registration |series=Time-Life encyclopedia of gardening |language=en |location=New York |publisher=Time-Life Books |oclc=216213 |access-date=9 March 2025 |ref={{sfnref|Crockett 1971}}}}
• {{Cite book |last1=Denver Botanic Gardens |last2=Anderson |first2=Sonya |last3=Bone |first3=Mike |last4=Daniel |first4=Nick |last5=Johnson |first5=Dan |last6=Kelaidis |first6=Panayoti |last7=Kintgen |first7=Mike |last8=Krishnan |first8=Sarada |last9=Newlander |first9=Cindy |last10=Patnam |first10=Savannah |last11=Toews |first11=Jen |last12=Wieczorek |first12=Katy |date=2018 |title=Wildflowers of the Rocky Mountain Region |language=en |location=Portland, Oregon |publisher=Timber Press |isbn=978-1-60469-644-8 |oclc=1030444975 |ref={{sfnref|Denver Botanic Gardens 2018}}}}
• {{cite book |last1=Eastwood |first1=Alice |author-link1=Alice Eastwood |title=A Popular Flora of Denver, Colorado |date=May 1893 |publisher=Zoe Publishing Company |location=San Francisco, California |url=https://archive.org/details/popularfloraofde00eastrich/page/48 |access-date=9 March 2025}}
• {{Cite book |last1=Ellis |first1=Barbara W. |date=2001 |editor-last1=Tenenbaum |editor-first1=Frances |title=Taylor's Guide to Bulbs: How to Select and Grow 480 Species of Spring and Summer Bulbs |url=https://archive.org/details/taylorsguidetobu00elli/page/132 |url-access=registration |series=Taylor's guides to gardening |language=en |location=Boston, Massachusetts |publisher=Houghton Mifflin |isbn=978-0-618-06890-6 |oclc=45209151 |access-date=9 March 2025}}
• {{Cite book |last1=Ells |first1=James E. |date=2006 |title=Rocky Mountain Flora |url=https://archive.org/details/rockymountainflo0000ells/page/49 |url-access=registration |language=en |edition=First |location=Golden, Colorado |publisher=Colorado Mountain Club Press |isbn=978-0-9760525-4-8 |oclc=70854496 |access-date=9 March 2025}}
• {{Cite book |last1=Fiedler |first1=Peggy Lee |date=1996 |title=Rare lilies of California |url=https://archive.org/details/rareliliesofcali00pegg/page/17 |url-access=registration |language=en |others=Illustrations by Catherine M. Watters |location=Sacramento, California |publisher=California Native Plant Society |isbn=978-0-943460-30-7 |oclc=36035016 |access-date=9 March 2025}}
• {{Cite book |last1=Gabrielson |first1=Ira N. |author-link1=Ira Noel Gabrielson |date=1932 |title=Western American Alpines |url=https://archive.org/details/westernamericana0000iran/page/141 |url-access=registration |language=en |location=New York |publisher=The Macmillan Company |oclc=3595708 |access-date=9 March 2025}}
• {{Cite book |last1=Heil |first1=Kenneth D. |last2=O'Kane |first2=Steve L. Jr. |last3=Reeves |first3=Linda Mary |last4=Clifford |first4=Arnold |date=2013 |title=Flora of the Four Corners Region: Vascular Plants of the San Juan River Drainage, Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah |url=https://archive.org/details/mobot31753003888887/page/n647 |language=en |edition=First |location=St. Louis, Missouri |publisher=Missouri Botanical Garden |isbn=978-1-930723-84-9 |issn=0161-1542 |lccn=2012949654 |oclc=859541992 |access-date=9 March 2025 |ref={{sfnref|Heil et al. 2013}}}}
• {{Cite book |last1=Van Jaarsveld |first1=Ernst |last2=Eggli |first2=Urs |date=2020 |chapter=Anthericaceae |editor-last1=Eggli |editor-first1=Urs |editor-last2=Nyffeler |editor-first2=Reto |title=Monocotyledons |series=Illustrated Handbook of Succulent Plants |language=en |edition=Second |location=Berlin, Germany |publisher=Springer |doi=10.1007/978-3-662-56486-8_31 |isbn=978-3-662-56486-8 |oclc=1145609055}}
• {{Cite book |date=1894 |editor-last1=Kinder |editor-first1=Francis Shanor |editor-last2=Spencer |editor-first2=Frank Clarence |title=Evenings with Colorado Poets |url=https://archive.org/details/eveningswithcol00spengoog/page/n158 |language=en |edition=First |location=Denver, Colorado |publisher=Chain & Hardy Co. |oclc=1969130 |access-date=9 March 2025}}
• {{Cite book |last1=Lommasson |first1=Robert C. |date=1973 |title=Nebraska Wild Flowers |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_0803257686/page/8 |url-access=registration |language=en |location=Lincoln, Nebraska |publisher=University of Nebraska Press |isbn=978-0-8032-0816-2 |oclc=700256 |access-date=6 March 2025}}
• {{Cite book |last1=McCully |first1=Alice Woodruff Anderson |date=1931 |title=American Alpines in the Garden |url=https://archive.org/details/americanalpinesi0000ande/page/165 |url-access=registration |language=en |location=New York |publisher=Macmillan Co. |oclc=1819670 |access-date=6 March 2025}}
• {{Cite book |last1=McFarland |first1=J. Horace |author-link1=J. Horace McFarland |last2=Hatton |first2=R. Marion |last3=Foley |first3=Daniel J. |date=1945 |title=Garden Bulbs in Color |language=en |location=New York ; Harrisburg, Pennsylvania |publisher=J. Horace McFarland: Distributed by Macmillan Co. |oclc=6894681}}
• {{Cite book |last1=Milchunas |first1=Daniel G. |last2=Lauenroth |first2=William K. |date=2008 |chapter=Effects of Grazing on Vegetation |editor-last1=Lauenroth |editor-first1=William K. |editor-last2=Burke |editor-first2=Ingrid C. |title=Ecology of the Shortgrass Steppe: A Long-Term Perspective |series=Long-Term Ecological Research Network series |language=en |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |doi=10.1093/oso/9780195135824.003.0020 |isbn=978-0-19-756163-8 |oclc=249078327}}
• {{Cite book |last1=Robertson |first1=Leigh |date=1999 |title=Southern Rocky Mountain Wildflowers: A Field Guide to Common Wildflowers, Shrubs, and Trees |url=https://archive.org/details/southernrockymou0000robe/page/105 |url-access=registration |language=en |location=Helena, Montana ; [Estes Park, Colorado] |publisher=Falcon ; Rocky Mountain Nature Association |isbn=978-1-56044-624-8 |oclc=47010542 |access-date=6 March 2025}}
• {{Cite book |last1=Springer |first1=Lauren |date=2000 |orig-date= |title=The Undaunted Garden: Planting for Weather-resilient Beauty |url=https://archive.org/details/undauntedgardenp0000spri/page/42 |url-access=registration |language=en |edition=1st Fulcrum Trade Paperback |location=Golden, Cololorado |publisher=Fulcrum Publishing |isbn=978-1-55591-007-5 |oclc=45106249 |access-date=6 March 2025}}
• {{Cite book |last1=Strickler |first1=Dee |date=1993 |title=Wayside Wildflowers of the Pacific Northwest |url=https://archive.org/details/waysidewildflowe0000stri/page/42 |url-access=registration |language=en |edition=First |location=Columbia Falls, Montana |publisher=Flower Press |isbn=978-1-56044-185-4 |oclc=29475568 |access-date=6 March 2025}}
• {{Cite book |last1=Strutin |first1=Michal |date=2001 |title=Discovering Natural Israel |url=https://archive.org/details/discoveringnatur0000stru/page/320 |url-access=registration |language=en |location=Middle Village, New York |publisher=Jonathan David Publishers |isbn=978-0-8246-0413-4 |oclc= |access-date=6 March 2025}}
• {{Cite book |last1=Train |first1=Percy |last2=Henrichs |first2=James R. |last3=Archer |first3=W. Andrew |author-link3=William Andrew Archer |date=1 December 1941 |title=Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada |url=https://archive.org/details/10730550R.nlm.nih.gov/page/n206 |series=Contributions toward a flora of Nevada, no. 33 |language=en |volume=I |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=Division of Plant Exploration and Introduction, Bureau of Plant Industry, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture |oclc=839675529 |access-date=6 March 2025}}
• {{Cite book |last1=Van Bruggen |first1=Theodore |date=2013 |title=Wildflowers & Grasses & Other Plants of the Northern Plains and Black Hills |url=https://archive.org/details/wildflowersgrass0000theo/page/50 |url-access=registration |language=en |edition=Fourth Revised |location=Interior, South Dakota |publisher=Badlands Natural History Association |isbn=978-4-216-38970-8 |oclc=902879238 |access-date=9 March 2025}}
• {{Cite book |last1=Weber |first1=William A. |author-link1=William Alfred Weber |date=1961 |orig-date=1953 |title=Handbook of Plants of the Colorado Front Range: Keys for the Identification of the Ferns, Conifers, and Flowering Plants of the Central Rocky Mountains from Pikes Peak to Rocky Mountain National Park, and from the Plains to the Continental Divide |url=https://archive.org/details/handbookofplants0000webe/page/80 |url-access=registration |language=en |edition=Second, Revised |location=Boulder, Colorado |publisher=University of Colorado Press |oclc=3975556 |access-date=6 March 2025}}
• {{Cite book |last1=Weber |first1=William A. |last2=Wittmann |first2=Ronald C. |date=2001 |title=Colorado Flora: Eastern slope |language=en |edition=Third |location=Boulder, Colorado |publisher=University Press of Colorado |isbn=978-0-87081-552-2 |oclc=46769451}}
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{{Refend}}

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{{refbegin}}

• {{cite web |last1=Baker |first1=Edward |author-link1=Ed Baker (entomologist) |last2=Kitching |first2=Ian |last3=Beccaloni |first3=George W. |last4=Whitaker |first4=Amoret |author-link4=Amoret Whitaker |display-authors=etal |date=2016 |title=NHM Interactions Bank (from NHM Interactions Bank) [Data set resource] |url=https://data.nhm.ac.uk/dataset/nhm-ib/resource/f84ad9f1-bd0c-4811-8108-8dcd83f224a4?q=Leucocrinum&view_id=2b1e93db-c347-4e26-9e8e-4fe5544a2a2c&field=ISO2&value= |website=Natural History Museum |language=en |access-date=20 March 2025 |ref={{sfnref|Baker et al. 2016}}}}
• {{cite web |last1=Carter |first1=S. |last2=Goeckner |first2=N. |last3=Julian |first3=C. |last4=Langelo |first4=L. |last5=Shonle |first5=I. |last6=Dennis |first6=C. |date=April 2023 |title=Low-Flammability Landscape Plants: Fact Sheet 6.305 |url=https://csfs.colostate.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/CSFS_CSU-Ext_Fact-Sheets_LFLP_FINAL_web.pdf |website=Colorado State Forest Service |series=Wildfire Mitigation Series, Landscaping and Planting |language=en |location=Fort Collins, Colorado |publisher=Colorado State University |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=13 March 2025 |ref={{sfnref|Carter et al. 2023}}}}
• {{cite web |last1=Fertig |first1=Walter |date=n.d. |title=Plant of the Week: Star Lily (Leucocrinum montanum) |url=https://www.fs.usda.gov/wildflowers/plant-of-the-week/leucocrinum_montanum.shtml |website=U.S. Forest Service |language=en |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250205114714/https://www.fs.usda.gov/wildflowers/plant-of-the-week/leucocrinum_montanum.shtml |archive-date=5 February 2025 |access-date=12 March 2025}}
• {{cite web |last1=McNeal |first1=Dale W. |date=2012 |title=Leucocrinum montanum |url=https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=30795 |website=Jepson eFlora |language=en |location=Berkeley, California |publisher=University of California, Berkeley |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240615074612/https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=30795 |archive-date=15 June 2024 |access-date=9 March 2025}}
• {{Cite NatureServe |date=28 February 2025 |id=2.133141 |title=Leucocrinum montanum |access-date=9 March 2025 |ref={{sfnref|NatureServe 2025}}}}
• {{cite usda plants |symbol=LEMO4 |title=Leucocrinum montanum |date=6 March 2025 |ref={{sfnref|NRCS 2025}}}}
• {{cite POWO |last1=POWO |date=2025 |id=24434-1 |title=Leucocrinum Nutt. ex A.Gray |access-date=9 March 2025 |ref={{sfnref|POWO 2025a}}}}
• {{cite POWO |last1=POWO |date=2025 |id=321823-2 |title=Leucocrinum montanum Nutt. ex A.Gray |access-date=9 March 2025 |ref={{sfnref|POWO 2025b}}}}
• {{cite web |last1=Reveal |first1=James L. |author-link1=James L. Reveal |first2=Utech |last2=Frederick H. |date=30 July 2020 |orig-date=2002 |url=http://dev.floranorthamerica.org/Leucocrinum |title=Leucocrinum |website=Flora of North America |page=217 |language=en |isbn=978-0195152081 |oclc=65199362 |access-date=9 March 2025 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250309152716/https://dev.floranorthamerica.org/Leucocrinum |archive-date=9 March 2025 |ref={{sfnref|Reveal & Utech 2020a}}}}
• {{cite web |last1=Reveal |first1=James L. |author-link1=James L. Reveal |first2=Utech |last2=Frederick H. |date=30 July 2020 |orig-date=2002 |url=http://dev.floranorthamerica.org/Leucocrinum_montanum |title=Leucocrinum montanum |website=Flora of North America |page=218 |language=en |isbn=978-0195152081 |oclc=65199362 |access-date=9 March 2025 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240707015340/http://dev.floranorthamerica.org/Leucocrinum_montanum |archive-date=7 July 2024 |ref={{sfnref|Reveal & Utech 2020b}}}}

{{Refend}}

• [https://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?query_src=photos_index&where-taxon=Leucocrinum+montanum CalPhotos]
• [https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?taxon_id=49647 iNaturalist]

{{Taxonbar|from1=Q2348637|from2=Q3237078}}

Category:Agavoideae

Category:Monotypic Asparagaceae genera

Category:Flora of the Southwestern United States

Category:Flora of Colorado

Category:Flora of Idaho

Category:Flora of Montana

Category:Flora of Nebraska

Category:Flora of New Mexico

Category:Flora of North Dakota

Category:Flora of South Dakota

Category:Flora of Oregon

Category:Flora of Wyoming