Asparagaceae

The plant family Asparagaceae was first named, described, and published in Genera Plantarum in 1789 by the French botanist Antoine Laurent de Jussieu, who is particularly noted for his work in developing the concept of plant families.[https://www.ipni.org/n/30275682-2 Asparagaceae Juss.], Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 40 (1789), nom. cons. International Plant Name Index, IPNI.org From the time of first introduction until the 21st century, the Asparagaceae was a monotypic family containing only the single genus, Asparagus, after which the family was named.{{Citation |last=Kubitzki |first=K. |title=Asparagaceae |date=1998 |work=Flowering Plants · Monocotyledons: Lilianae (except Orchidaceae) |pages=125–129 |editor-last=Kubitzki |editor-first=Klaus |url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-662-03533-7_15 |access-date=2024-11-29 |place=Berlin, Heidelberg |publisher=Springer |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-662-03533-7_15 |isbn=978-3-662-03533-7 |last2=Rudall |first2=P. J.|url-access=subscription }}

In 2003, the formation of the APG II plant classification system radically expanded the Asparagaceae to include the genera and species previously contained in seven plant families. In the APG II system, two options were provided as to the circumscription of the family, with Asparagaceae sensu lato (meaning in the wider sense) being the broader circumscription of the family documented in the APG II; or, Asparagaceae sensu stricto (meaning in the strict sense) consisting of only Asparagus and Hemiphylacus. If opting to use Asparagaceae sensu lato, the paper outlining the APG II system recommended placing the previously recognised family in parentheses after Asparagaceae.{{Cite journal |date=April 2003 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II |url=https://herbarium.duke.edu/sites/herbarium.duke.edu/files/assets/GROUP_2003_Botanical%20Journal%20of%20the%20Linnean%20Society.pdf |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=141 |issue=4 |pages=399–436 |doi=10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x |issn=0024-4074}} The paper also recommended including grouping the families Anemarrhenaceae, Anthericaeae, Behniaceae and Herreriaceae with the Agavaceae, noting that in 2000, the Convallariaceae, Dracaenaceae, Eriospermaceae and Nolinaceae had been grouped together in the Ruscaceae.{{Cite journal |last=Rudall |first=PAULA J. |last2=Conran |first2=JOHN G. |last3=Chase |first3=MARK W. |date=2000-09-01 |title=Systematics of Ruscaceae/Convallariaceae: a combined morphological and molecular investigation |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0024407400903656 |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=134 |issue=1 |pages=73–92 |doi=10.1006/bojl.2000.0365 |issn=0024-4074|url-access=subscription }}

In 2009, botanists proposed a major revision of the Asparagales order of plants, that included a vast expansion of three constituent plant families; the Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceae and Xanthorrhoeaceae, to include large number of genera in former plant families by placing them into subfamilies nested within these three plant families. Under the APG III system, the Asparagaceae contain seven subfamilies, and unlike the APG II system, Asparagaceae was only circumscribed in the broad sense (sensu lato), but the Asparagaceae subfamily Asparagoideae is roughly equivalent to Asparagaceae (sensu stricto) under the APG II system.{{Cite journal |last=Chase |first=Mark W. |last2=Reveal |first2=James L. |last3=Fay |first3=Michael F. |date=October 2009 |title=A subfamilial classification for the expanded asparagalean families Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceae and Xanthorrhoeaceae |url=https://academic.oup.com/botlinnean/article-abstract/161/2/132/2418404?redirectedFrom=fulltext |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=132–136 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00999.x |issn=0024-4074}} Whilst the subfamilies are broadly equivalent to the previous subdivision by families under the APG II system, genera previously included in one previously recognised family may have moved to another subfamily under the APG III system, or even placed into another family outside of the Asparagaceae.

As of November 2024, the Asparagaceae includes about 119 genera;{{Cite web |title=Asparagaceae Juss. {{!}} Plants of the World Online {{!}} Kew Science |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30275682-2 |access-date=2024-11-29 |website=Plants of the World Online |language=en}}{{Cite web |title=Family Asparagaceae; WFO Plant List {{!}} World Flora Online |url=https://wfoplantlist.org/taxon/wfo-7000000050-2024-06?page=1 |access-date=2024-11-29 |website=wfoplantlist.org}} and these genera contain approximately 3,170 accepted species altogether, although the number of accepted genera and their constituent species varies depending on authority and changes with time. The reference against the subfamily name is to the source which places the genus in that subfamily.

Calibanus was a former genus that was placed in the Asparagaceae (Nolinoideae subfamily) when the APG III system was introduced.Calibanus. Kew Plants of the World Online https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:297730-2 Both members of the genus have since been transferred to the genus Beaucarnea (also a member of the Asparagaceae (Nolinoideae subfamily)) after molecular phylogenetic research demonstrated a strong phylogenetic relationship with species of Beaucarnea.Molecular phylogenetics and morphology of Beaucarnea (Ruscaceae) as distinct from Nolina, and the submersion of Calibanus into Beaucarnea (2014). Rojas-Piña, V., Olson, M.E., Alvarado-Cárdenas, L.O. & Eguiarte, L.E.. Taxon 63: 1193-1211. [Cited as Beaucarnea.]{{Cite web |title=Beaucarnea Lem. {{!}} Plants of the World Online {{!}} Kew Science |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:24038-1 |access-date=2024-11-29 |website=Plants of the World Online |language=en}}

Sansevieria was a long recognised genus belonging to the Nolinoideae subfamily but on the basis of molecular phylogenetic studies,{{citation |last=Stevens |first=P.F. |title=Angiosperm Phylogeny Website: Asparagales: Nolinoideae |date=2001{{ndash}}2012 |url=http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/apweb/orders/asparagalesweb.htm#Ruscaceae}}{{Citation |last1=Lu |first1=Pei-Luen |title=Phylogenetic Relationships among Dracaenoid Genera (Asparagaceae: Nolinoideae) Inferred from Chloroplast DNA Loci |date=2014 |journal=Systematic Botany |volume=39 |issue=1 |pages=90–104 |doi=10.1600/036364414X678035 |s2cid=86171270 |name-list-style=amp |last2=Morden |first2=Clifford W.}} the species formerly including as belonging to the genus have been transferred to the genus Dracaena (also included in the Noliniodeae subfamily).

{{Reflist|refs=

{{Citation |last=Chase |first=M.W. |last2=Reveal |first2=J.L. |last3=Fay |first3=M.F. |year=2009 |title=A subfamilial classification for the expanded asparagalean families Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceae and Xanthorrhoeaceae |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=132–136 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00999.x|name-list-style=amp |doi-access=free }}

{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxfam.pl |title=Query GRIN Taxonomy for Plants |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |access-date=2011-05-30}}

{{Citation |last=Stevens |first=P.F. |title=Angiosperm Phylogeny Website |url=http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/ |access-date=2011-05-29 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110603230449/http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/| archive-date=2011-06-03| url-status= live}}

{{Citation|author=WCSP |year=2011 |title=World Checklist of Selected Plant Families |publisher=The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/home.do |access-date=2011-05-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305214849/http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/home.do |archive-date=March 5, 2012 |url-status=live }}

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• {{Citation |last=Chase |first=M.W. |last2=Reveal |first2=J.L. |last3=Fay |first3=M.F. |authorlink1=Mark Chase|authorlink2= James Reveal| authorlink3=Michael Francis Fay|year=2009 |title=A subfamilial classification for the expanded asparagalean families Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceae and Xanthorrhoeaceae |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=132–136 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00999.x|name-list-style=amp |doi-access=free |ref={{harvid|Chase et al|2009}}}}
• {{cite journal|last1=Pires|first1=J. C.|last2=Sytsma|first2=K. J.|title=A phylogenetic evaluation of a biosystematic framework: Brodiaea and related petaloid monocots (Themidaceae)|journal=American Journal of Botany|date=1 August 2002|volume=89|issue=8|pages=1342–1359|doi=10.3732/ajb.89.8.1342|pmid=21665737}}

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• {{Commons category-inline|Asparagaceae}}
• [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/asparaga.htm Asparagaceae] [sensu stricto] in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). [https://web.archive.org/web/20101213041459/http://delta-intkey.com/angio/ The families of flowering plants]: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval. Version: 27 April 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20070103200438/http://delta-intkey.com/
• [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=10507 Liliaceae in Flora of North America]
• [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Tree&id=40552&lvl=3&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock NCBI Taxonomy Browser] [Asparagaceae sensu stricto]
• [http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/cgi/gateway_family?fam=Asparagaceae links at CSDL, Texas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061207215039/http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/cgi/gateway_family?fam=Asparagaceae |date=2006-12-07 }}
• [http://www.botanical-dermatology-database.info/BotDermFolder/ASPA.html Asparagaceae] in [http://www.botanical-dermatology-database.info/index.html BoDD – Botanical Dermatology Database]

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Category:Asparagales families