Lewis and Clark Lake

{{short description|Man-made lake in Nebraska and South Dakota, United States}}

{{Infobox body of water

| name = Lewis and Clark Lake

| image = Lewis & Clark Lake and Dam NE.jpg

| caption = Lewis and Clark Lake behind Gavins Point Dam, near Yankton, South Dakota, on the Missouri River

| image_bathymetry =

| caption_bathymetry =

| location = {{flag|Nebraska}} and
{{flag|South Dakota}},
{{flag|United States}}

| coords = {{coord|42.8625|-97.4917|region:US_type:waterbody|display=inline,title}}

| type = reservoir (artificial lake; man-made lake)

| inflow = Missouri River, Niobrara River

| outflow = Missouri River

| catchment = {{convert|16000|sqmi|abbr=on}}

| basin_countries = United States

| length = {{convert|25|mi|km}}

| width = {{convert|1.8|mi|km}} at dam

| area = {{convert|31400|acre|abbr=on}}

| depth = {{convert|15-30|ft|abbr=on}}

| max-depth = {{convert|45|ft|abbr=on}}

| volume = {{convert|492000|acre.ft|km3|abbr=on}}{{cite web|url=http://www.nwo.usace.army.mil/html/Lake_Proj/gavinspoint/dam.html |title=Gavins Point Dam & Power Plant |publisher=United States Army Corps of Engineers |accessdate=2010-04-26 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110601221857/http://www.nwo.usace.army.mil/html/Lake_Proj/gavinspoint/dam.html |archivedate=2011-06-01 }}

| residence_time =

| shore = {{convert|90|mi|abbr=on}}

| elevation = {{convert|1,206|-|1,210|feet|abbr=on}} msl

| islands =

| cities = Yankton, South Dakota
Springfield, South Dakota
Running Water, South Dakota
Santee, Nebraska
Niobrara, Nebraska

| pushpin_map = Nebraska#South Dakota#USA

| pushpin_label_position =

| pushpin_map_alt = Location of Lewis and Clark Lake in Nebraska and South Dakota, USA.

| pushpin_map_caption =

| reference =

}}

Lewis and Clark Lake is a 31,400 acre (130 km²) reservoir located on the border of the U.S. states of Nebraska and South Dakota on the Missouri River. The lake is approximately {{convert|25|mi}} in length with over {{convert|90|mi}} of shoreline and a maximum water depth of {{convert|45|ft}}.{{Cite web|url=http://www.nwo.usace.army.mil/Missions/Dam-and-Lake-Projects/Missouri-River-Dams/|title=Missouri River Dams & Lakes}} The lake is impounded by Gavins Point Dam and is managed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District.

History

The Missouri River Valley Area is abound with history involving several early Native American Tribes, Pioneers, and other settlers to the area due to ease of river transportation and abundant resources.{{Cite web|url=https://www.nwo.usace.army.mil/Missions/Civil-Works/Cultural-Resources/|title = Cultural Resources}} Lewis and Clark Lake is named after explorers Meriwether Lewis and William Clark of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. The lake is located along the Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail.{{Cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/lecl/index.htm|title = Lewis & Clark National Historic Trail (U.S. National Park Service)}}

The archaeological record in the area dates back to the Archaic Period, sometime around 3,000 to 5,000 BC. The Archaic Period people lived along small tributary streams that flow into the Missouri Valley. Later, Woodland Period people (500 BC – 1,000 AD) lived in the area. More recent inhabitants include the Ponca, Yankton Sioux and Omaha tribes in the late 18th and 19th centuries.{{Cite web|url=https://www.nwo.usace.army.mil/Missions/Dam-and-Lake-Projects/Missouri-River-Dams/Gavins-Point/|title = Omaha District > Missions > Dam and Lake Projects > Missouri River Dams > Gavins Point}} The Minnesota Santee Sioux arrived on the river shore in the mid-1800s and remain in the area. In 1804, while traveling up the Missouri River on their epic journey to the Pacific Ocean, Lewis and Clark participated in a Grand council with the Yankton Sioux at a site below Calumet Bluff. This significant meeting was the first meeting with a Sioux tribe on their journey upstream.

In 1874, the Bon Homme Colony of Hutterites, a branch of the Mennonite movement exiled from Austria, settled on what is now the north shore of Lewis and Clark Lake. They are the first Hutterite Colony in South Dakota and the United States. The colony maintains a traditional communal way of life. The lake was filled following the completion of construction of Gavins Point Dam across the river valley in 1957.

Location

The lake is an impoundment of the Missouri River, located approximately {{convert|811.1|mi}} upstream of St. Louis, Missouri, where the Missouri River joins the Mississippi River. The lake is located within Cedar and Knox Counties in Nebraska and Bon Homme and Yankton Counties in South Dakota. Lake Yankton is located immediately downstream of Gavins Point Dam. The Santee Sioux Reservation is located along the southwestern shore in Knox County. The lake is located approximately {{convert|4|mi}} west or upstream of Yankton, South Dakota.{{Cite web|url=https://www.visityanktonsd.com/businesses/lewis-clark-recreation-area/|title=Lewis & Clark Recreation Area - SD State Parks|access-date=2019-01-26|archive-date=2020-09-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200921094214/https://www.visityanktonsd.com/businesses/lewis-clark-recreation-area/|url-status=dead}}

Lewis and Clark Visitor Center

The Lewis and Clark Visitor Center is located just south of Gavins Point Dam atop Calumet Bluff with views of Lewis and Clark Lake, Lake Yankton, and the Missouri River below the dam. The visitor center is open daily from Memorial Day weekend through Labor Day weekend and open weekdays during other times of the year. The visitor center interprets the history of the Missouri River Basin, including Native Americans, pioneers, the Lewis and Clark Expedition (which traveled through the area); along with local wildlife and the history of the Corps of Engineers in the area. A theater shows educational videos on the Lewis and Clark Expedition, construction of Gavins Point Dam, and the natural history of the Missouri River Region. A bookstore offers educational books, videos, and other merchandise for sale. The visitor center is known as a viewing point for the American Bald Eagle, which frequents the Missouri River below the dam, especially in winter months. The visitors center is operated and staffed by U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Park Rangers, who also give guided tours of Gavins Point Dam and the power plant.

Parks and recreation

File:LewisClarkLakeMap.png

File:LewisandClarkLakefromCalumetBluffNE.jpg overlook and hiking trail in Cedar County, Nebraska]]

File:LewisandClarkSRA.jpg along the South Dakota shore]]

Lewis and Clark Lake is a very popular regional tourist destination in the upper Midwest for camping, water sports, hiking, bird watching, hunting, fishing, swimming, and biking. Average annual public visitation exceeds one-million visitors per year to the lake area.{{Cite web|url=https://corpslakes.erdc.dren.mil/visitors/projects.cfm?Id=G606440|title = Corps Lakes Gateway: South Dakota - Lewis and Clark Lake}} Many of these recreation areas around the lake offer boat ramps, marinas, campgrounds, and day-use areas. The upper stretches of the lake are renowned for their superior waterfowl viewing and hunting opportunities along the Missouri River flyway.

Located downstream of the lake is the 59-mile reach of the Missouri National Recreational River (MNRR) which stretches eastward from the dam to Ponca State Park, upstream of the lake is the 39-mile reach of the MNRR which stretches westward to Fort Randall Dam.

=List of recreation and public use areas=

The following are public parks and lake access areas on Lewis and Clark Lake::File:LewisClarkLakeMap.png

Nebraska:
Lewis and Clark State Recreation Area (NE GPC)
Weigand-Burbach Area & Marina
South Shore Recreation Area
Bloomfield Recreation Area
Miller Creek Recreation Area
Niobrara State Park (NE GPC)
Niobrara Recreation Area (Village of Niobrara)
Calumet Bluff Trail & Overlook (USACE)
Hideaway Acres (Hideaway Acres Assn.)
Santee Recreation Area (USACE & Santee Sioux Nation)
Cottonwood Recreation Area (USACE)
Nebraska Tailwaters Recreation Area (USACE)
Training Dike Recreation Area (USACE)
Deep Water Area (USACE)
Devil's Nest (USACE)
Bazile Creek Wildlife Management Area (NE GPC)
South Dakota:
Lewis & Clark Recreation Area (SD GFP)
Lewis & Clark Marina and Resort
Pierson Ranch Recreation Area
Chief White Crane Recreation Area
Gavins Point National Fish Hatchery and Aquarium (U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service)
Tabor Lakeside Use Area (SD GFP)
Charley Creek Lakeside Use Area (SD GFP)
Twin Bridges Lakeside Use Area (SD GFP)
Sand Creek Lakeside Use Area (SD GFP)
Springfield Recreation Area (SD GFP)
Springfield Bottoms Game Production Area (SD GFP)
Running Water Lakeside Use Area (SD GFP)
Key:
NE GPC = Nebraska Game and Parks Commission
USACE = U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
SD GFP = South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks

Fish, wildlife and natural resources

The natural resources and public lands on and around the lake are cooperatively managed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, and the South Dakota Department of Game, Fish, and Parks. Common game species around the lake include White-tailed deer, Wild Turkey, many species of waterfowl, Pheasant, Cottontail rabbit, Mourning Dove, and squirrel. The American Bald Eagle is commonly seen around the dam and lake area, especially in the winter months. Each January the Lewis and Clark Visitor Center hosts "Bald Eagle Days" a live-bird program that is popular with visitors.

Species of fish present include walleye, northern pike, sauger, sunfish, yellow perch, common carp, black bullhead, channel catfish, and smallmouth bass.{{Cite web |title=2015 Lewis & Clark Reservoir Fall Fish Survey |url=https://outdoornebraska.gov/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/2015FishSamplingReport_LewisAndClarkReservoir.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161224100105/https://outdoornebraska.gov/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/2015FishSamplingReport_LewisAndClarkReservoir.pdf |archive-date=24 December 2016 |access-date=22 November 2024 |website=www.outdoornebraska.gov}} Fishing below Gavins Point Dam is very popular, especially for the annual paddlefish snagging season in October and bowfishing in June. The "Fishing Wall" immediately below the dam's spillway is popular for fishing year-round as the dam keeps the river free of ice in the winter months.

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service monitor and manage threatened and endangered species on the lake and river. Species of concern include the Pallid sturgeon, least tern, and piping plover. A branch of the Corps known as the [http://moriverrecovery.usace.army.mil/ Missouri River Recovery Program] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180415175846/http://moriverrecovery.usace.army.mil/ |date=2018-04-15 }} monitors these species and helps to restore native habitat that was lost as a result of dam construction and channelization of the Missouri River.{{Cite web |url=http://moriverrecovery.usace.army.mil/mrrp/f?p=136:1 |title=MRRP - Missouri River Recovery Program |access-date=2018-04-14 |archive-date=2016-11-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123071422/https://moriverrecovery.usace.army.mil/mrrp/f?p=136:1 |url-status=dead }} The Gavins Point National Fish Hatchery is located just downstream of the lake.{{Cite web|url=https://www.fws.gov/mountain-prairie/fisheries/gavinsPoint.php|title = Gavins Point National Fish Hatchery}}

=Current lake issues=

File:Dreissena polymorpha3.jpg, an unwanted aquatic invasive species that was discovered in the lake in 2014]]

There are several issues impacting recreation, wildlife, and other issues. In 2014 zebra mussels, an aquatic invasive mussel were discovered in the lake and have infested the reservoir and the Missouri River downstream of Gavins Point Dam.{{Cite web|url=https://www.nwo.usace.army.mil/Media/News-Releases/Article/617615/zebra-mussels-discovered-at-lewis-and-clark-lake/|title=Zebra Mussels discovered at Lewis and Clark Lake}}

Lewis and Clark Lake is significantly impacted by sedimentation and siltation issues, diminishing the overall water surface area, water storage capacity, and recreational opportunities. Sediment carried by the Missouri River and Niobrara River is slowed and trapped within the reservoir due to the dam impounding and thus slowing the natural river flow. Studies show approximately 5.1 million tons of sediment are deposited in the lake each year, which contributes to the lake's increasing size of delta area on the western portions of the lake. Approximately 60% of the sediment comes from the Nebraska Sandhills via the Niobrara River. As of 2016, approximately 30% of the lake's overall surface area has diminished due to sedimentation deposits, and some figures project by 2045 approximately 50% of the lake will be diminished due to sedimentation deposits. Presently, there is no plan or solution to remove or slow the progression of the siltation within the lake.{{Cite web |title=Missouri Sedimentation Action Coalition – Keep it Water |url=http://www.msaconline.com/ |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=www.msaconline.com/ |language=en}}

References

External links

[https://www.nwo.usace.army.mil/Missions/Dam-and-Lake-Projects/Missouri-River-Dams/Gavins-Point/ U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Gavins Point Project & Lewis and Clark Lake] (Official site)
[https://corpslakes.erdc.dren.mil/visitors/projects.cfm?Id=G606440 Corps Lakes - Lewis and Clark Lake]
[https://www.recreation.gov/camping/gateways/291 Recreation.gov - Lewis and Clark Lake]
[https://outdoornebraska.gov/location/lewis-and-clark/ Lewis and Clark State Recreation Area - Nebraska Game and Parks Commission]
[https://gfp.sd.gov/parks/detail/lewis-and-clark-recreation-area/ Lewis and Clark Recreation Area - South Dakota Department of Game, Fish & Parks]
[https://gfp.sd.gov/parks/detail/springfield-recreation-area/ Springfield Recreation Area - South Dakota Department of Game, Fish & Parks]

Category:Reservoirs in Nebraska

Category:Reservoirs in South Dakota

Lewis and Clark

Category:Bodies of water of Bon Homme County, South Dakota

Category:Bodies of water of Cedar County, Nebraska

Category:Bodies of water of Knox County, Nebraska

Category:Buildings and structures in Knox County, Nebraska

Category:Buildings and structures in Cedar County, Nebraska

Category:Bodies of water of Yankton County, South Dakota

Category:Tourist attractions in Bon Homme County, South Dakota

Category:Tourist attractions in Yankton County, South Dakota

Category:Tourist attractions in Cedar County, Nebraska