Linda Hirshman
{{Short description|American lawyer and author (1944–2023)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Linda Hirshman
| birth_name = Linda Diane Redlick
| birth_date = {{birth date|1944|4|26}}
| birth_place = Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.
| death_date = {{death date and age|2023|10|31|1944|4|26}}
| death_place = Burlington, Vermont, U.S.
| occupation = {{cslist|Lawyer|academic|author}}
| subjects = {{cslist|American history|law|feminism}}
| spouse = {{ubl|{{marriage|Harold Hirshman|1966|1984|end = divorced}}|{{marriage|David Forkosh||2012|end = died}}}}
| children = 1
| alma_mater = {{ubl|Cornell University (BA)|University of Chicago (JD)|University of Illinois Chicago (PhD)}}
}}
Linda Diane Redlick Hirshman (April 26, 1944 – October 31, 2023) was an American lawyer, pundit, academic, and author. She began her career practicing as union-side labor lawyer and argued before the Supreme Court of the United States. She next taught law and philosophy at Chicago-Kent College of Law and Brandeis University, then wrote books focused on law, women, and social movements, including the New York Times best-seller Sisters in Law, which describes Supreme Court justices Sandra Day O'Connor and Ruth Bader Ginsburg. Hirshman was also known for her 2005 article "Homeward Bound", in which she prominently and controversially criticized the absence of women from the workplace, urging women in high-status jobs to continue pursuing careers rather than become homemakers.
Early life and education
Linda Diane Redlick was born in Cleveland on April 26, 1944. She earned a bachelor's degree in political science from Cornell University, a J.D. from the University of Chicago Law School in 1969,{{Cite web |date=June 11, 2012 |title=Chicago Magazine Talks with Linda Hirshman '69, Author of 'Victory: The Triumphant Gay Revolution' |url=https://www.law.uchicago.edu/news/chicago-magazine-talks-linda-hirshman-69-author-victory-triumphant-gay-revolution |access-date=November 1, 2023 |website=University of Chicago Law School |language=en}} and a Ph.D. in philosophy from the University of Illinois Chicago in 1995.{{cite news|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/09/us/linda-r-hirshman-dead.html|title = Linda R. Hirshman, Who Challenged Stay-at-Home Mothers, Dies at 79|last = Green|first = Penelope|date = November 9, 2023|accessdate = November 9, 2023|newspaper = The New York Times|url-access = limited}}{{Cite web |last=Felsenthal |first=Carol |date=June 5, 2012 |title=Linda Hirshman, Author of 'Victory: The Triumphant Gay Revolution,' on Obama, Hillary, and the Lawsuit Against Cook County |url=https://www.chicagomag.com/Chicago-Magazine/Felsenthal-Files/June-2012/Linda-Hirshman-Author-of-Victory-The-Triumphant-Gay-Revolution-on-Obama-Hillary-the-Lawsuit-against-Cook-County-and-More/ |access-date=November 1, 2023 |website=Chicago Magazine |language=en-US}} She wrote her dissertation on Thomas Hobbes.{{Cite web |last=Hansen |first=Suzy |date=June 27, 2006 |title=She's the woman all the other women love or hate |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2006-jun-27-et-hirshman27-story.html |access-date=November 11, 2023 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}
Career
For 15 years, Hirshman practiced law, mostly representing organized labor.{{Cite web |date=October 11, 2016 |title=Linda Hirshman, '69: From Law Practice and Teaching to the New York Times Bestsellers List |url=https://www.law.uchicago.edu/news/linda-hirshman-69-law-practice-and-teaching-new-york-times-bestsellers-list |access-date=November 1, 2023 |website=University of Chicago Law School |language=en}} She participated in three cases in the Supreme Court of the United States, including, in 1985, the landmark case of Garcia v. San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Authority, which upheld the power of the federal government to apply the Fair Labor Standards Act to employees of state and local government. She then went into academia, teaching law, philosophy, and women's studies. She taught at Chicago-Kent College of Law and then at Brandeis University beginning in 1996, retiring from teaching in 2002 as a distinguished professor of philosophy and women's studies.
Hirshman wrote for a variety of periodicals, including The New York Times,[https://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/03/magazine/03womenvoters-t.html?pagewanted=all 16 Ways of Looking at a Female Voter] – The New York Times, March 2, 2008 The Washington Post,[https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/hilary-rosen-was-right-ann-romney-doesnt-speak-for-women-in-the-workforce/2012/04/13/gIQAqv3jFT_story.html Hilary Rosen was right: Ann Romney doesn't speak for women in the workforce.] – The Washington Post, April 13, 2012 Slate,[http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/politics/2012/05/gay_marriage_obama_and_black_voters_why_he_is_able_to_endorse_it_in_a_way_a_white_democratic_president_couldn_t_.html Gay Marriage, Black Voters] – Slate, September 5, 2012 Salon,{{cite web|url=http://www.salon.com/2012/05/08/2012_the_gay_election/singleton/|title=The gay election, at last|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120524040329/http://www.salon.com/2012/05/08/2012_the_gay_election/singleton/|archivedate=May 24, 2012|date=May 8, 2012}} and The Daily Beast.[http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2010/12/18/dont-ask-dont-tell-how-it-was-repealed.html How DADT Was Repealed] – The Daily Beast, December 18, 2010
= "Homeward Bound" and ''Get to Work'' =
In 2005, Hirshman published the article "Homeward Bound" in The American Prospect, in which she expressed concern that highly educated women were leaving professional life after marriage in order to become homemakers. Instead, she encouraged women in high-profile or "elite" fields, like business and law, to continue working and increase female representation in positions of influence. She argued that abandoning such a career to be a full-time housewife was a socially harmful choice, as it decreased that representation, and the women leaving the workforce were squandering their qualifications and talents on the "repetitious, socially invisible, physical tasks" of domestic life.{{cite news|url = https://prospect.org/article/homeward-bound-d2/|title = Homeward Bound|last = Hirshman|first = Linda|date = November 21, 2005|work = The American Prospect|accessdate = November 10, 2023}}
The New York Times said the article "succeeded in offending just about everybody", from social conservatives to advocates of what Hirshman termed choice feminism.{{cite news|url = https://www.thenation.com/article/society/linda-hirshman-obit/|title = Linda Hirshman Was a Different Kind of Feminist|last = Pollitt|first = Katha|authorlink = Katha Pollitt|date = November 13, 2023|accessdate = November 13, 2023|work = The Nation}} According to her own biographical byline for periodicals, she "landed spot No. 77" on conservative author Bernard Goldberg's list of 100 People Who Are Screwing Up America. She was also criticized by feminist bloggers such as Leslie Morgan Steiner and economists such as Heather Boushey for having insufficient empirical evidence for her contention that women were dropping out of the U.S. labor market,[http://www.cepr.net/documents/publications/opt_out_2005_11_2.pdf "Are Women Opting Out? Debunking the Myth"] – CEPR, December 2005 a charge which Hirshman said did not change her conclusions.[http://insidehighered.com/views/2005/12/09/hirshman "Is Your Husband a Worse Problem Than Larry Summers?"]{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Inside Higher Ed, 12/9/05
The following year, she released the book Get to Work: A Manifesto for Women of the World in which she developed her arguments and further addressed some of the criticism of her earlier work.
= Later work =
In June 2012, Hirshman released her new book, a social movement study, Victory: The Triumphant Gay Revolution. Starting in the late nineteenth century and ending when New York State legalized same-sex marriage, Victory tells the story of this political success. In 2015, she published Sisters in Law, an account of the careers of the first two women to serve as justices of the Supreme Court, Sandra Day O'Connor and Ruth Bader Ginsburg, and how they have advanced the cause of women's rights.{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=September 3, 2015 |title=Book Review: "Sisters in Law: How Sandra Day O'Connor and Ruth Bader Ginsburg Went to the Supreme Court and Changed the World," by Linda Hirshman |url=https://www.denverpost.com/2015/09/03/book-review-sisters-in-law-how-sandra-day-oconnor-and-ruth-bader-ginsburg-went-to-the-supreme-court-and-changed-the-world-by-linda-hirshman/ |access-date=November 2, 2023 |website=The Denver Post |language=en-US}} It became a New York Times Best Seller.{{Cite news |date=September 20, 2015 |title=Hardcover Nonfiction Books – Best Sellers – Books |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/best-sellers/2015/09/20/hardcover-nonfiction/ |access-date=November 12, 2023 |issn=0362-4331}} In 2019, a play based on that book, also called Sisters in Law, premiered at the Wallis Annenberg Center for the Performing Arts in Beverly Hills, California.{{Cite web |last=Riefe |first=Jordan |date=September 28, 2019 |title='Sisters in Law': Theater Review |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lifestyle/lifestyle-news/sisters-in-law-theater-1244082/ |access-date=November 2, 2023 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}} Also in 2019, her book Reckoning: The Epic Battle Against Sexual Abuse and Harassment was published.{{cite web |url=https://www.hmhbooks.com/shop/books/Reckoning/9781328566751 |title=Reckoning: The Epic Battle Against Sexual Abuse and Harassment |publisher=HMH Books |date=2019 |accessdate=May 16, 2019 |archive-date=May 16, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190516184332/https://www.hmhbooks.com/shop/books/Reckoning/9781328566751 |url-status=dead }}
The last book she completed was The Color of Abolition (2022), about the contentious relationship between Frederick Douglass and white abolitionists.{{Cite news |last=Faust |first=Drew Gilpin |date=March 25, 2022 |title=Review {{!}} Lively depiction of abolition dissects its competing philosophies and strategies |language=en-US |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2022/03/25/lively-depiction-abolition-dissects-its-competing-philosophies-strategies/ |access-date=November 2, 2023 |issn=0190-8286}} At the time of her death she was working on a book with Margaret Sullivan about right-wing media and its impact on democracies.
Personal life and death
In 1966, she married Harold Hirshman, whom she met in college; they had a daughter and divorced in 1984. She then married David Forkosh, and became a stepmother to his two children. He died in 2012.
Hirshman died from cancer in Burlington, Vermont, on October 31, 2023, at the age of 79.
References
{{reflist}}
External links
- [http://bloggingheads.tv/diavlogs/13217 Video interview/discussion with Hirshman] and Michelle Goldberg on Bloggingheads.tv
- [http://www.gettoworkmanifesto.com/ GetToWorkManifesto.com], Hirschman's official website
- {{C-SPAN|98553}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hirshman, Linda}}
Category:20th-century American women lawyers
Category:20th-century American lawyers
Category:21st-century American non-fiction writers
Category:21st-century American women writers
Category:American feminist writers
Category:American women non-fiction writers
Category:Brandeis University faculty
Category:Cornell University alumni
Category:Deaths from cancer in Vermont
Category:Illinois Institute of Technology faculty
Category:Lawyers from Cleveland