Lindsaeaceae
{{Short description|Family of ferns}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Albian|Recent}}
| image = Lindsaea_linearis_11.JPG
| image_caption = Lindsaea linearis
| taxon = Lindsaeaceae
| authority = C.Presl ex M.R.Schomb.[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/50109370 Lindsaeaceae C. Presl ex M.R. Schomb.] Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 01 Feb 2012
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision = See text
| synonyms =
- Lindsaeeae Hooker 1846
- Lindsaeinae Payer 1850
- Lindsaeoideae Crabbe, Jermy & Mickel 1975
}}
Lindsaeaceae is a pantropical family of ferns in the order Polypodiales. It contains six or seven genera with about 220 known species,{{cite journal |author1=Christenhusz, M. J. M. |author2=Byng, J. W. |name-list-style=amp| year = 2016 | title = The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase | journal = Phytotaxa | volume = 261 | pages = 201–217 | url = http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/download/phytotaxa.261.3.1/20598 | doi = 10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1 | issue = 3 | publisher = Magnolia Press | doi-access = free }} some of which also extend into the more temperate regions of eastern Asia, New Zealand, and South America.[http://www.mnhn.fr/oseb/IMG/pdf/Lehtonen_et_al_2010_-_Phylogenetics_of_Lindsaeaceae.pdf Lehtonen et al.: Phylogenetics and classification of the pantropical fern family Lindsaeaceae]{{Dead link|date=February 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} in the Botanical Journal of the Linnaen Society 2010
Description
Characteristics include: Rhizomes short to long creeping; rhizomes with nonclathrate scales or uniseriate hairs; blades 1-3 pinnate or more divided; veins usually free; sori marginal or submarginal; indusia open towards margin, sometimes attached at sides, or sori covered by the reflexed segment margin.Smith, A. R., K. M. Pryer, et al. (2006). "A classification for extant ferns." Taxon 55(3): 705-731
Taxonomy
For more than a century, these ferns were considered part of the Davalliaceae. Then starting in the mid-twentieth century they began to be transferred to the Dennstaedtiaceae. Molecular data supported the separation of Lindsaeaceae into its own family, which was proposed in 1970. Lindsaeaceae is considered among the most basal of the families in the order Polypodiales.
The genus Lonchitis has many morphological characteristics similar to Dennstaedtiaceae, but a few characteristics of the spore are similar to the lindsaeoid genera, and molecular data placed this genus in Lindsaeaceae.Wolf, P. G. (1997). "Evaluation of atpB Nucleotide Sequences for Phylogenetic Studies of Ferns and Other Pteridophytes." American Journal of Botany 84(10): 1429-1440 It is now placed in the related family Lonchitidaceae.
The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I) recognized seven genera.{{citation |mode=cs1 |author=PPG I |year=2016 |title=A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns |journal=Journal of Systematics and Evolution |volume=54 |issue=6 |pages=563–603 |doi=10.1111/jse.12229|s2cid=39980610 |doi-access=free }}
- Lindsaea Dryand. ex Sm. (about 180 species)
- × Lindsaeosoria Wagner (1 species)
- Nesolindsaea Lehtonen & Christenh. (2 species)
- Odontosoria Fée (about 23 species)
- Osmolindsaea (K.U.Kramer) Lehtonen & Christenh. (about 7 species)
- Sphenomeris Maxon (3 species)
- Tapeinidium (C.Presl) C.Chr. (18 species)
- Xyropteris K.U.Kramer (1 species)
Other sources retain Xyropteris in Lindsaea.{{cite web |title=Xyropteris K.U.Kramer |work=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:17425640-1 |accessdate=2019-11-17 }}
The extinct genus Proodontosoria from the Cenomanian aged Burmese amber of Myanmar has been assigned to the family.{{Cite journal|last1=Li|first1=Chunxiang|last2=Moran|first2=Robbin C.|last3=Ma|first3=Junye|last4=Wang|first4=Bo|last5=Hao|first5=Jiasheng|date=January 2020|title=A new fossil record of Lindsaeaceae (Polypodiales) from the mid-Cretaceous amber of Myanmar|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0195667118303008|journal=Cretaceous Research|language=en|volume=105|pages=104040|doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2018.12.010|s2cid=134602978 |url-access=subscription}} Other fossil remains assigned to the family include an indeterminate leaf fragment also from the Burmese amber,{{Cite journal|last1=Regalado|first1=Ledis|last2=Schmidt|first2=Alexander R.|last3=Müller|first3=Patrick|last4=Kobbert|first4=Max J.|last5=Schneider|first5=Harald|last6=Heinrichs|first6=Jochen|date=April 2017|title=The first fossil of Lindsaeaceae (Polypodiales) from the Cretaceous amber forest of Myanmar|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0195667116301914|journal=Cretaceous Research|language=en|volume=72|pages=8–12|doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2016.12.003|url-access=subscription}} as well as a permineralized root from the Albian aged Aspen Shale of Wyoming.{{Cite journal|last1=Schneider|first1=Harald|last2=Kenrick|first2=Paul|date=May 2001|title=An Early Cretaceous root-climbing epiphyte (Lindsaeaceae) and its significance for calibrating the diversification of polypodiaceous ferns|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0034666701000483|journal=Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology|language=en|volume=115|issue=1–2|pages=33–41|doi=10.1016/S0034-6667(01)00048-3|pmid=11425346|url-access=subscription}}
Other genera that have been placed in the Lindsaeaceae are:
- Lonchitis L. – transferred to its own family Lonchitidaceae
- Saccoloma Kaulf. – transferred to its own family Saccolomataceae
- Cystodium J.Sm. – transferred to its own family Cystodiaceae
References
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{{Plant classification}}
{{Fern classification}}
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