List of Arakanese monarchs#Mrauk-U .281429.E2.80.931785.29
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{{Infobox former monarchy|royal_title=King|realm=Mrauk-U|coatofarms=|coatofarmscaption=|image=King Maha Thammada Raza.jpg|caption=Last to reign
Maha Thammada
2 December 1782 – 9 January 1785|his/her=His|first_monarch=*Marayu (starting from Dhanyawadi period)
- Khittathin (starting from Le-Mro Period)|last_monarch=Maha Thammada|began=*2666 BC (starting from Dhanyawadi period)
- 818 (starting from Le-Mro Period)
|ended=9 January 1785|pretender=}}
{{History of Myanmar}}
The following is a list of monarchs of Arakan, covering the monarchs of the major kingdoms of Arakanese that existed in the present day Rakhine State.
For the Dhanyawadi and Waithali periods, various royal chronicles suggest that the dynasties were likely influenced by Indian rulers, with legends originating it from Sanskrit or Pali sources. These chronicles often connect the rulers to Indian Kingdoms. However, many of these accounts are also a blend of myths and historically based legendary figures, with different chronicles presenting varying dates and lists of kings.
Early Periods (2666 BCE)
Lemro Period (818–1406)
Unless otherwise noted, the regnal dates in this section are abbreviated to the first Western calendar year only although the Burmese calendar straddles the Western calendar. For example, the start of King Khittathin's reign, 380 ME (26 March 1018 to 25 March 1019 CE), is shown here only as 1018 (instead of 1018/19). While Arakanese Chronicles shows the dates of reign of Khittathin are from 818 (26 March 180 to 25 March 828 CE).
=[[Pyinsa]] (818–1103)=
| width=80% class="wikitable" |
| width=8% | Monarch
! width=8% | Reign ! width=8% | Relationship ! width=16% | Notes |
|---|
| Khittathin
| 818–828 | founder | grandnephew of Chula Taing Sanda/son of Sandaku |
| Sandathin
| 828–843 | brother | |
| Min Yin Phyu
| 843–873 | son | |
| Naga Thuriya
| 873–904 | son | |
| Thuriya Raza
| 904–936 | son | |
| Ponnaka
| 936–969 | son | |
| Min Gyiphyu
| 969–984 | son | |
| Sithabin
| 984–986 | | usurper |
| Min Nangyi
| 986–1014 | son of Min Phyugyi | |
| Min Lade
| 1014–1034 | son | |
| Min Kala
| 1043–1062 | son | |
| Min Bilu
| 1062–1068 | son | |
| Thinkhaya
| 1068–1076 | Chief of the Thet People | usurper |
| Min Than
| 1076–1090 | son | |
| Min Pati
| 1190–1103 | son | |
=[[Parein]] (1103–1167)=
| width=80% class="wikitable" |
| width=8% | Monarch
! width=8% | Reign ! width=8% | Relationship ! width=16% | Notes |
|---|
| Letya Min Nan
| 1103–1109 | grandson of Min Bilu/son of Min Re-baya | Pagan nominee; 1118 ascension per Pagan dates |
| Thihaba
| 1109–1110 | son | |
| Razagyi
| 1110–1112 | son | |
| Thagiwin I
| 1112–1115 | son | |
| Thagiwin II
| 1115–1133 | son | |
| Kawliya
| 1133–1153 | son | Built the Mahâti Temple |
| Datharaza
| 1153–1165 | son |Historians called him as the "Ashoka of Arakan" |
| Ananthiri
| 1165–1167 | son | |
=Hkrit (1167–1180)=
| width=80% class="wikitable" |
| width=8% | Monarch
! width=8% | Reign ! width=8% | Relationship ! width=16% | Notes |
|---|
| Minpunsa
| 1167–1174 | brother | son of Datharaza |
| Pyinsakawa
| 1174–1176 | son | |
| Danayupok
| 1176–1179 | son | |
| Salinkabo
| 1179–1180 | | usurper |
= Nyeinzara Toungoo (1180–1237)=
| width=80% class="wikitable" |
| width=8% | Monarch
! width=8% | Reign ! width=8% | Relationship ! width=16% | Notes |
|---|
| Misuthin
| 1180–1191 | son of Danayupok | |
| Ngaranman
| 1191–1193 | son | |
| Ngapogan
| 1193–1195 | son | |
| Ngarakhaing
| 1195–1198 | son | |
| Ngakyon
| 1198–1201 | son | |
| Ngasu
| 1201–1205 | son | |
| Swe Thin
| 1205–1206 | son | |
| Minkhaung I
| 1206–1207 | brother | |
| Minkhaung II
| 1207–1208 | son | |
| Kabalaung I
| 1208–1209 | son | |
| Kabalaung II
| 1209–1210 | son | |
| Letya I
| 1210–1218 | son | |
| Letya II
| 1218–1229 | son | |
| Thanabin
| 1229–1232 | son | |
| Nganathin
| 1232–1234 | son | |
| Nganalon
| 1234–1250 | son | |
=[[Launggyet Dynasty|Launggyet]] (1251–1406)=
| width=80% class="wikitable" |
| width=8% | Monarch
! width=8% | Reign ! width=8% | Relationship ! width=16% | Notes |
|---|
| Alawmaphyu
| 1250–1256 | son of Nganalon | Founder |
| Razathu I
| 1256–1258 | son | |
| Saw Lu
| 1258–1261 | son | |
| Uzana I
| 1261–1269 | son | |
| Saw Mon Gyi
| 1269–1273 | son | |
| Nankyargyi
| 1273–1277 | son | |
| Min Bilu
| 1277–1280 | son | |
| Sithabin I
| 1283- | | usurper |
| Min Hti
| 1283–1389 | son of Min Bilu | |
| Uzana II
| 1389–1391 | son | |
| Thiwarit
| 1391–1392 | younger half-brother | son of Min Hti |
| Thinhse
| 1392–1394 | younger brother | son of Min Hti |
| Razathu II
| 1394–1395 | son | grandson of Min Hti |
| Sithabin II
| 1395–1397 | | usurper |
| Myinhseingyi
| 1397 | | usurper |
| Razathu II
| 1397–1401 | | restored |
| Theinkhathu
| 1401–1404 | brother | son of Thinshe |
| Saw Mon II
| 1404–1406 | nephew | son of Razathu II Great Grandson of Min Hti |
Interregnum (1406–1429)
=North Arakan=
| width=100% class="wikitable" |
| style="background-color:#B9D1FF" width=10% | Name
! style="background-color:#B9D1FF" width=5% | Image ! style="background-color:#B9D1FF" width=10% | Reign From ! style="background-color:#B9D1FF" width=10% | Reign Until ! style="background-color:#B9D1FF" width=10% | Relationship with predecessor(s) |
|---|
| Anawrahta
| | after 29 November 1406 | March 1408 | Ava's vassal |
| Min Khayi or Min Saw Mon
| | March 1408 | early 1411 | Hanthawaddy's vassal |
| Thray Sithu
| | 1408 [sic] | 1409 [sic] | Vassal ruler of Ava per Rakhine Razawin Thit';RRT Vol. 2 1999: 10 Not found in Burmese chronicles, which say Arakan was not under Ava rule during this period |
| Letya
| | early 1411 | early 1412 | Governor-general of North Arakan (Ava's vassal) |
| Naranu
| | 1412 | 18 April 1429 | Ruler at Launnggyet (Hanthawaddy's vassal to 1421) |
| Kyaswa
| | 1413 | 1416 | Ruler at Khway-Thin Taung (Ava's vassal) according to Rakhine Razawin Thit'; not found in Burmese chronicles |
=Sandoway (Thandwe)=
| width=100% class="wikitable" |
| style="background-color:#B9D1FF" width=10% | Name
! style="background-color:#B9D1FF" width=5% | Image ! style="background-color:#B9D1FF" width=10% | Reign From ! style="background-color:#B9D1FF" width=10% | Reign Until ! style="background-color:#B9D1FF" width=10% | Relationship with predecessor(s) |
|---|
| Sokkate
| | early 1411 | early 1412 | Governor-general of Sandoway (Ava's vassal) |
| Thon-Ywa-Za
| | 1412? | 1436? | Hanthawaddy's vassal to 1421 |
| Saw Yin Mi Saw Yandameit Baya Minye | | 1436? | 1437 | Co-regents |
[[Mrauk-U Kingdom|Mrauk-U]] (1429–1785)
The reign dates are per the Arakanese chronicle Rakhine Razawin Thit (Sandamala Linkara Vol. 2 1931), converted into Western dates using (Eade 1989). (Some Arakanese chronicles state the foundation of the kingdom a year later, 1430. Moreover, the end of the kingdom is given per Burmese records, 2 January 1785. Arakanese records give a day earlier, 1 January 1785.)
| width=75% class="wikitable" |
| style="background-color:#B9D1FF" width=10% | Name
! style="background-color:#B9D1FF" width=1% | Image ! style="background-color:#B9D1FF" width=10% | Reign From ! style="background-color:#B9D1FF" width=10% | Reign Until ! style="background-color:#B9D1FF" width=10% | Relationship with predecessor(s) |
|---|
| Narameikhla
| | 18 April 1429 | 9 May 1433 | Founder |
| Naranu
| | 9 May 1433 | c. January 1459 | Brother |
| Ba Saw Phyu
| | c. January 1459 | 5 August 1482 | Son |
| Dawlya
| | 5 August 1482 | c. February 1492 | Son |
| Ba Saw Nyo
| | c. February 1492 | c. January 1494 | uncle, son of Khayi |
| Ran Aung
| | c. January 1494 | c. July 1494 | Grandnephew, son of Dawlya |
| Salingathu
| | c. July 1494 | February 1502 | Maternal uncle |
| Raza
| | February 1502 | c. November 1513 | Son |
| Gazapati
| | c. November 1513 | January 1515 | Son |
| Saw O
| | January 1515 | July 1515 | Granduncle; brother of Salingathu |
| Thazata
| | July 1515 | c. April 1521 | Son of Dawlya |
| Minkhaung
| | c. April 1521 | 27 May 1531 | Younger Brother |
| Min Bin
| 80px | 27 May 1531 | 11 January 1554 | Son of Min Raza |
| Dikkha
| | 11 January 1554 | 6 March 1556 | Son |
| Saw Hla
| | 6 March 1556 | 24 July 1564 | Son |
| Sekkya
| | 24 July 1564 | 7 February 1572 | Brother |
| Hpalaung
| | 7 February 1572 | 4 July 1593 | Son of Min Bin |
| Razagyi
| 80px | 4 July 1593 | 4 July 1612 | Son |
| Khamaung
| | 4 July 1612 | 14 May 1622 | Son |
| Thiri Thudhamma
| | 14 May 1622 | 29 May 1638 | Son |
| Sanay
| | 29 May 1638 | 17 June 1638 | Son |
| Narapati
| | 17 June 1638 | 13 December 1645 | Great grandson of Min Bin |
| Thado
| | 13 December 1645 | c. May 1652 | Son |
| Sanda Thudhamma
| | c. May 1652 | 11 June 1674 | Son |
| Uggabala
| | 11 June 1674 | 16 April 1685 | Son |
| Wara Dhamma
| | 16 April 1685 | 20 June 1692 | Brother |
| Mani Dhamma
| | 20 June 1692 | 20 December 1694 | Elder brother |
| Sanda Thuriya I
| | 20 December 1694 | 4 August 1696 | Brother |
| Nawrahta
| | 4 August 1696 | 18 August 1696 | Son |
| Mayuppiya
| | 18 August 1696 | 13 May 1697 | Usurper |
| Kalamandat
| | 16 May 1697 | 5 June 1698 | Usurper |
| Naradipati
| | 5 June 1698 | 17 June 1700 | Son of Sanda Thuriya |
| Sanda Wimala I
| | 18 June 1700 | 30 March 1707 | Grandson of Thado |
| Sanda Thuriya II
| | 3 April 1707 | September 1710 | Grandson of Sanda Thudhamma |
| align="center" colspan=5 style="background-color:#D8BFD8"|Interregnum ~2 months |
| Sanda Wizaya
| | November 1710 | April 1731 | Usurper |
| Sanda Thuriya III
| | April 1731 | 1734 | Son-in-law |
| Naradipati II
| | 1734 | 1735 | Son |
| Narapawara
| | 1735 | September 1737 | Usurper |
| Sanda Wizala
| | September 1737 | 25 March 1738 | Cousin |
| Madarit
| | 28 March 1738 | 6 February 1743 | Brother |
| Nara Apaya
| | 6 February 1743 | 28 October 1761 | Uncle |
| Thirithu
| | 28 October 1761 | 3 February 1762 | Son |
| Sanda Parama
| | 3 February 1762 | 1 May 1764 | Brother |
| Apaya
| | 1 May 1764 | 17 January 1774 | Brother-in-law |
| Sanda Thumana
| | 17 January 1774 | 5 May 1777 | Brother-in-law |
| Sanda Wimala II
| | 6 May 1777 | 5 June 1777 | Usurper |
| Sanda Thaditha
| | 5 June 1777 | 1 December 1782 | Usurper |
| Maha Thammada
| | 2 December 1782 | 2 January 1785 | nephew in-law |
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
Bibliography
- {{cite book | last=Harvey | first=G. E.| title=History of Burma: From the Earliest Times to 10 March 1824 | publisher=Frank Cass & Co. Ltd | year=1925 | location = London}}
- {{cite book | last=Pan Hla | first=Nai | title=Razadarit Ayedawbon | language=Burmese | year=1968 | edition=8th printing, 2005 | location=Yangon | publisher=Armanthit Sarpay}}
- {{cite book | last=Phayre | author-link=Arthur Purves Phayre | first=Lt. Gen. Sir Arthur P. | title=History of Burma | year=1883 | edition=1967 | publisher=Susil Gupta | location=London}}
- {{cite book | author=Royal Historical Commission of Burma | author-link=Royal Historical Commission of Burma | title=Hmannan Yazawin | volume=1–3 | year=1832 | location=Yangon | language=Burmese | edition=2003 | publisher=Ministry of Information, Myanmar}}
- {{cite book | last=Sandamala Linkara | first=Ashin | title=Rakhine Yazawinthit Kyan | year= 1931 | edition=1997 | publisher=Tetlan Sarpay | language=Burmese | volume=1–2 | location=Yangon}}
External sources
- {{cite book | last=Charney | first=Michael W.| title= 'Where Jambudipa and Islamdom Converged: Religious Change and the Emergence of Buddhist Communalism in Early Modern Arakan, 15th-19th Centuries.' PhD Dissertation, University of Michigan | year=1999 }}
- {{cite book | last=Charney | first=Michael W.| title= 'Arakan, Min Yazagyi, and the Portuguese: The Relationship Between the Growth of Arakanese Imperial Power and Portuguese Mercenaries on the Fringe of Mainland Southeast Asia 1517-1617.' Masters dissertation, Ohio University | year=1993 }}
- {{cite book | last=Leider | first=Jacques P.| title= 'Le Royaume d'Arakan, Birmanie. Son histoire politique entre le début du XVe et la fin du XVIIe siècle,' Paris, EFEO | year=2004 }}
{{Burmese monarchs}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Arakanese Monarchs, List Of}}