List of Armenian ethnic enclaves
{{short description|None}}
File:Vank Cathedral courtyard.jpg in Isfahan, Iran: it is still one of the oldest and largest Armenian quarters in the world.]]
This is a list of Armenian ethnic enclaves, containing cities, districts, and neighborhoods with predominantly Armenian population, or are associated with Armenian culture, either currently or historically.{{efn|This article only lists ethnic enclaves in the Armenian diaspora. Many sources describe Nagorno-Karabakh as an Armenian ethnic enclave,{{cite book|editor1-last=Noel|editor1-first=Sid|title=From Power Sharing to Democracy: Post-conflict Institutions in Ethnically Divided Societies|date=2005|publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press|location=Montréal|isbn=9780773529489|page=279|quote=...an Armenian ethnic enclave (Nagorno-Karabakh)...}}{{cite news|last1=Barry|first1=Ellen|authorlink1=Ellen Barry (journalist)|title=Azerbaijan and Armenia Fail to End Enclave Dispute|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/25/world/asia/25karabakh.html?_r=0|newspaper=New York Times|date=24 June 2011|quote=...Nagorno-Karabakh, an Armenian enclave...}} which it was during most of its existence as the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (1923–91), when it did not border Soviet Armenia. Since the end of the 1988–94 war, the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic (NKR) has been largely integrated with Armenia and the two today de facto function as a single entity. However, the NKR remains internationally unrecognized and is regarded by all UN members as de jure part of Azerbaijan.}} Most numbers are estimates by various organizations and media, because many countries simply do not collect data on ethnicity.
Extant enclaves
=Europe=
File:San Lazzaro degli Armeni, Venice aerial photo 2013.jpg, located in the Venetian Lagoon, is home to an Armenian Catholic monastery.]]
=Middle East=
;Syria
There are several Armenian-populated villages in Syria: including Aramo,{{cite news|last1=Zaman|first1=Amberin|authorlink1=Amberin Zaman|title=Turkey losing propaganda war over Syrian Armenians|url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/04/turkey-syrian-conflict-armenian-genocide-kassab-propaganda.html|work=Al-Monitor|date=8 April 2014|quote=...Kassab along with a few other Armenian villages — Aramo, Ghnemieh and Yacoubieh...}}{{cite web|last1=Cholakian|first1=Hagop|title=Latin Rite Roman Catholics of Armenian Descent in Syria|url=http://www.noravank.am/eng/articles/detail.php?ELEMENT_ID=6550|publisher=Noravank Foundation|date=18 June 2012|quote=...the Armenian populated villages Aramo, Ghnemiye and Arpali...}} Al-Ghanimeh (Ghnemieh),{{cite web|title=Armenian Populated Village in Latakia Liberated|url=http://asbarez.com/144840/armenian-populated-village-in-latakia-liberated/|website=Asbarez|date=22 January 2016}} Kessab{{efn|The Armenian population of Kessab was forced out in March 2014, during the Syrian Civil War.{{cite news|last1=Manjikian|first1=Lalai|title=Kessab: Deep Roots Under Attack|url=http://www.armenianweekly.com/2014/03/25/deep-roots-under-attack/|work=The Armenian Weekly|date=25 March 2014|quote=The predominantly Armenian enclave of Kessab is now emptied of its Armenian population that has been there for hundreds of years, after rebel forces descended on the region from Turkey.}}}} (2,000–2,200){{cite news|last=Sherlock|first=Ruth|title=Turkey 'aided Islamist fighters' in attack on Syrian town|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/turkey/10765696/Turkey-aided-Islamist-fighters-in-attack-on-Syrian-town.html|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|date=14 April 2014|quote=Almost all of the villages approximately 2,000 inhabitants had fled.}}{{cite news|last=Gilbert|first=Ben|title=Taking Refuge: Armenian Family Exiled For Third Time In Century|url=http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2014/5/7/syrian-armenianslebanon.html|date=7 May 2014|agency=Al Jazeera|quote=...mostly Armenian Christian village of Kassab (population 2,200)...}} in Latakia; and Yakubiyah in Idlib. Aleppo has the Armenian neighborhoods of Al-Jdayde and Nor Kyough (Midan).{{cite news|title=Aleppo Under Fire: The Ruins of Armenian Neighborhoods|url=http://www.armenianweekly.com/2014/06/05/aleppo-ruins/|work=The Armenian Weekly|date=5 June 2014|quote=...the predominantly Armenian neighborhoods of Nor Kyough (Meedan)...}}{{cite news|last1=Arnold|first1=David|title=In Battle for Aleppo, Armenians Seek Neutral Ground|url=http://middleeastvoices.voanews.com/2012/09/syria-witness-in-battle-for-aleppo-armenians-seek-neutral-ground-30131/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120927020110/http://middleeastvoices.voanews.com/2012/09/syria-witness-in-battle-for-aleppo-armenians-seek-neutral-ground-30131/|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 27, 2012|work=Middle East Voices|agency=Voice of America|date=24 September 2012|quote=...the Armenian neighborhood of al-Midan...}}
;Jordan
Armenians also resettled in al-Ashrafiya, Jordan from 1914, where they constructed an Armenian Apostolic Church and a school in 1962.{{Cite web|url=https://news.am/eng/news/545358.html|title=Aleksander Lapshin shares story about "Little Armenia in Jordan"|publisher=news.am|access-date = 14 November 2023}}
;other countries
=Post-Soviet states=
==Georgia==
File:Akhalkalaki and Ninotsminda districts.png provincial borders outlined.]]
class="wikitable sortable"
! style="width:12em"| Name ! style="width:7em"| Type ! style="width:10em"| Location ! style="width:5em"| Total ! style="width:5em"| Armenians ! style="width:3em"| % !class="unsortable" style="width:3em"| {{Tooltip|Ref|References}} |
Avlabari (Havlabar){{cite news|last=Zenian|first=David|title=Havlabar: A Little Armenia on the hill|url=http://agbu.org/news-item/havlabar-a-little-armenia-on-the-hill/|date=1 September 1992|agency=AGBU News Magazine}}{{cite news|last=Hakobyan|first=Julia|title=Havlabar: Armenian community in Tbilisi pays the price of urbanization|url=http://www.armenianow.com/features/7696/havlabar_armenian_community_in_tbi|newspaper=ArmeniaNow|date=28 September 2007}}
| neighborhood | {{flagicon image|Flag of Tbilisi.svg}} Tbilisi | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| |
Javakheti (Javakhk)
| province | align="center"|95,280 | align="center"|90,373 | align="center"|94.8% |
===Abkhazia{{efn|Abkhazia is ''de jure'' recognized as part of Georgia by most countries, however, it is ''de facto'' independent.}}===
As of 2004, there were "around 50-60 Armenian villages" in Abkhazia.{{cite web|last=Tchilingirian|first=Hratch |authorlink=Hratch Tchilingirian|title=The Armenian community in Abkhazia Today|url=http://oxbridgepartners.com/hratch/index.php/in-the-news/activities/250-the-armenian-community-in-abkhazia-today|publisher=Armenian Reporter International|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140530192801/http://oxbridgepartners.com/hratch/index.php/in-the-news/activities/250-the-armenian-community-in-abkhazia-today|archive-date=30 May 2014|quote=There are now around 50-60 Armenian villages in Abkhazia...}} According to the 2011 Abkhazian census, Armenians formed the majority of the population of the Sukhumi District (6,467 Armenians, 56.1% of the total 11,531), and plurality in Gulripshi District (8,430 Armenians or 46.8% of 18,032) and Gagra District (15,422 Armenians or 38.3% of 40,217).{{cite web|title=Итоги переписи населения Республики Абхазия 2011 года [Results of census of Republic of Abkhazia in 2011]|url=http://www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru/rnabkhazia.html|publisher=Abkhazian Office of State Statistics|location=Sukhumi|language=ru}}
==Russia==
File:Расселение армян в городском округе Сочи по городским и сельским поселениям, в %.png, Russia by settlements]]
File:Khachkar holiday in Gajkodzor (2009).jpg]]
==Ukraine==
class="wikitable sortable"
! Name ! Type ! Location ! Total ! Armenians ! % !class="unsortable" style="width:3em"| {{Tooltip|Ref|References}} |
Aykavan{{cite news|script-title=ru:Маленькая Армения в Крыму|url=http://podrobnosti.ua/podrobnosti/2008/06/27/535941.html|newspaper=podrobnosti.ua|date=27 June 2008|language=ru}}
| village | {{flagicon image|Flag of Crimea.svg}} Crimea{{efn|name=Crimea|The Crimean Peninsula is disputed between Russia and Ukraine and is de facto part of Russia, but remains (for the most part) internationally recognized as de jure part of Ukraine. For more, see Political status of Crimea.}} |colspan="2" align="center"| 160 | align="center"| ~100% |
=United States=
Extinct enclaves
File:আর্মেনিয়ান গির্জার পার্শ্বদৃশ্য.jpg in Armanitola, Dhaka]]
File:Szamosújvár, örmény katolikus székesegyház 2022 03.jpg in Gherla]]
= Central Asia =
class="wikitable sortable"
!Name !Type !Current location !Period !Armenian population & %(date) !{{Tooltip|Ref|References}} |
Ashgabat
| town | {{flagicon|Turkmenistan}} Turkmenistan | late 19th to early 20th century | align="center" | 13.53% (1926) |
Türkmenbashy
|town |{{flagicon|Turkmenistan}} Turkmenistan |late 19th to early 20th century |12.99% (1897) |
Merv
|town |{{flagicon|Turkmenistan}} Turkmenistan |late 19th to early 20th century |8.00% (1897) |
Gyzylarbat
|town |{{flagicon|Turkmenistan}} Turkmenistan |late 19th to early 20th century |10.00% (1897) |
= Ukraine and Moldova (formerly Poland and Crimea) =
File:Церква Св. Сергія 3.jpg]]
File:S-krim-5127.jpg in Staryi Krym]]
File:Кам'янець-Подільський Башта дзвіниця вірменського костелу 1.jpg]]
class="wikitable sortable"
!Name !Type !Current location !Period !Armenian population & %(date) !{{Tooltip|Ref|References}} |
Feodosia (Kaffa)
| city | {{flagicon image|Flag of Crimea.svg}} Crimea{{efn|name=Crimea}} | 15th century | align="center"|46,000 (65%) (1470s) | align="center"|{{cite web|script-title=ru:Этнография народов Крыма: Армяне|url=http://www.mkiek.crimea.edu/crimea/etno/museum/exb/armans/index.htm|publisher=Tavrida National V.I. Vernadsky University|language=ru|year=1999|quote=В 30-е гг. XIV в. армянские колонии Крыма пополнились переселенцами из Ак-Сарая (выходцы из г. Ани), в 70-е гг. XV в. из 70- тысячного населения Кафы 2/3, т.е. свыше 46 тыс., составляли армяне.|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140608012933/http://www.mkiek.crimea.edu/crimea/etno/museum/exb/armans/index.htm|archive-date=2014-06-08}} |
Staryi Krym
| town | {{flagicon image|Flag of Crimea.svg}} Crimea{{efn|name=Crimea}} | | align="center"|471 (43.4%) (1863) |
Lwów{{efn|name=Poland|The city was home to one of Armenian communes in the Kingdom of Poland. For more information see: Armenians in Poland}}
| city | {{flagicon|Ukraine}} Lviv Oblast, Ukraine | 14th–18th centuries | align="center" |2,500 (minority) (1633) | align="center" |{{sfn|Stopka|2010|p=118}}{{cite book |last=Maksoudian |first=Krikor |title=The Armenian People from Ancient to Modern Times |year=1997 |editor-last=Hovannisian |editor-first=Richard G. |volume=II |location=New York |page=63 |chapter=Armenian Communities in Eastern Europe}} |
Kamieniec Podolski{{efn|name=Poland}}
| city | {{flagicon|Ukraine}} Khmelnytskyi Oblast, Ukraine | 14th–18th centuries | align="center" |Minority | align="center" |{{sfn|Stopka|2010|p=118}} |
Jazłowiec{{efn|name=Poland}}
| town | {{flagicon|Ukraine}} Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine | 16th–18th centuries | align="center" |Minority | align="center" |{{sfn|Stopka|2010|pp=118–119}} |
Śniatyn{{efn|name=Poland}}
| town | {{flagicon|Ukraine}} Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, Ukraine | 17th–18th centuries | align="center" |Minority | align="center" |{{sfn|Stopka|2010|pp=118–119}} |
Brody{{efn|name=Poland}}
| town | {{flagicon|Ukraine}} Lviv Oblast, Ukraine | 17th–18th centuries | align="center" |Minority | align="center" |{{sfn|Stopka|2010|pp=118–119}} |
Stanisławów{{efn|name=Poland}}
| town | {{flagicon|Ukraine}} Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, Ukraine | 17th–18th centuries | align="center" |Minority | align="center" |{{sfn|Stopka|2010|pp=118–119}} |
Żwaniec{{efn|name=Poland}}
| town | {{flagicon|Ukraine}} Khmelnytskyi Oblast, Ukraine | 17th–18th centuries | align="center" |Minority | align="center" |{{sfn|Stopka|2010|pp=118–119}} |
Łysiec{{efn|name=Poland}}
| town | {{flagicon|Ukraine}} Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, Ukraine | 17th–18th centuries | align="center" |Minority | align="center" |{{sfn|Stopka|2010|pp=118–119}} |
Horodenka{{efn|name=Poland}}
| town | {{flagicon|Ukraine}} Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, Ukraine | 17th–18th centuries | align="center" |Minority | align="center" |{{sfn|Stopka|2010|pp=118–119}} |
Brzeżany{{efn|name=Poland}}
| town | {{flagicon|Ukraine}} Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine | 17th–18th centuries | align="center" |Minority | align="center" |{{sfn|Stopka|2010|pp=118–119}} |
Tyśmienica{{efn|name=Poland}}
| town | {{flagicon|Ukraine}} Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, Ukraine | 17th–18th centuries | align="center" |Minority | align="center" |{{sfn|Stopka|2010|pp=118–119}} |
Obertyn{{efn|name=Poland}}
| town | {{flagicon|Ukraine}} Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, Ukraine | 18th century | align="center" |Minority | align="center" |{{sfn|Stopka|2010|pp=118–119}} |
Mohylów Podolski{{efn|name=Poland}}
| town | {{flagicon|Ukraine}} Vinnytsia Oblast, Ukraine | 18th century | align="center" |Minority | align="center" |{{sfn|Stopka|2010|pp=118–119}} |
Józefgród{{efn|name=Poland}}
| town | {{flagicon|Ukraine}} Odesa Oblast, Ukraine | 18th century | align="center" |Minority | align="center" |{{sfn|Stopka|2010|pp=118–119}} |
Raszków{{efn|name=Poland}}
| town | {{flagicon|Moldova}} Transnistria, Moldova | 18th century | align="center"|Minority | align="center"|{{sfn|Stopka|2010|pp=118–119}} |
= Georgia and the adjacent Governorates of the Russian Empire =
class="wikitable sortable"
! Name ! Type ! Region ! Period ! Armenian population & %(date) ! class="unsortable" style="width:3em" | {{Tooltip|Ref|References}} |
Sighnaghi
| town | {{flagicon|Georgia}} Kakheti | 19th century |96% (c. 1836) |
Telavi
| town | {{flagicon|Georgia}} Kakheti | 19th century |81% (c. 1836) |
Gori
|town |{{flagicon|Georgia}} Shida Kartli |19th century |58.25% (c. 1873) |
Sololaki
|neighborhood |{{flagicon|Georgia}} Tbilisi |19th century |Minority |
Batumi
|town |{{flagicon|Georgia}} Adjara |Late 19th century |24% (c. 1897) |
Oni
|town |{{flagicon|Georgia}} Racha |Late 19th century |13.78% (c. 1897) |
Artvin
|town |{{flagicon|Turkey}} Artvin province |Late 19th century |65.52% (c. 1897) |
Dusheti
|town |{{flagicon|Georgia}} Mtskheta-Mtianeti |19th century |Majority |
Zaqatala
|town |{{flagicon|Azerbaijan}} Zaqatala |Late 19th century |46.5% (c. 1897) |
See also
Notes
{{notelist}}
References
{{Reflist|30em}}
Bibliography
- {{cite book|last=Stopka|first=Krzysztof|editor-last1=Kopczyński|editor-first1=Michał|editor-last2=Tygielski|editor-first2=Wojciech|year=2010|title=Pod wspólnym niebem. Narody dawnej Rzeczypospolitej|language=pl|location=Warszawa|publisher=Muzeum Historii Polski, Bellona|chapter=Ormianie|isbn=978-83-11-11724-2}}
{{Armenian diaspora}}
{{Ethnic enclaves}}