List of Dacian towns and fortresses

File:Teritoriul onomastic al elementului dava - Sorin Olteanu.jpg

This is a list of ancient Dacian towns and fortresses from all the territories once inhabited by Dacians, Getae and Moesi. The large majority of them are located in the traditional territory of the Dacian Kingdom at the time of Burebista. This area includes the present-day countries of Romania and Moldova, as well as parts of mostly southern and eastern Ukraine, Slovakia,Husovská (1998) 13 Poland and Hungary, as well as ancient Moesia (Eastern Serbia, Northern Bulgaria). However some isolated settlements are located in Dalmatia (modern Albania and Croatia) as is the case of Thermidava,Five Roman emperors: Vespasian, Titus, Domitian, Nerva, Trajan, A.D. 69-117 - by Bernard William Henderson - 1969, page 278,"At Thermidava he was warmly greeted by folk quite obviously Dacians"{{sfn|Illyés|1988|p=223}} or in Dardania as is Quemedava.{{sfn|Illyés|1988|p=223}}

The Dacian towns are also called davae (singular dava) since many names were composed of an initial lexical element affixed to -dava, -daua, -deva, -deba, -daba, or -dova, which meant "city", "town" or "fortress"" in the Dacian language (<PIE *dhe-, "to set, place"{{sfn|Olteanu LTDM - Toponyms}} or *dhewa, "settlement"{{sfn|Polomé|1982|p=886}}). Generally, the name indicated a tribal center or an important settlement, usually fortified.

The known towns names have been are attested by Ptolemy (1st century AD) and other ancient writers, but many have not been identified in the field yet. Conversely, there are many recent discoveries of Dacian settlements and fortresses, but most of them have no assigned names yet.

Some of the Dacian settlements and the fortresses employed the traditional Murus Dacicus (Dacian Wall) construction technique.

Table

class="wikitable sortable"

! Picture

! Name

! Tribe

! Founded

! Attested by

! Area (ha)

! Discovery

! Location

! Country

100px

| Acidava{{sfn|Grumeza|2009|p=13}} (Acidaua{{sfn|Olteanu LTDM - Toponyms}}{{sfn|Tabula Peutingeriana|loc=Segmentum VII,5}})

| ?

| Tabula Peutingeriana{{sfn|Tabula Peutingeriana|loc=Segmentum VII,5}}{{sfn|Schütte|1917|p=81}}

| ?

| Enoșești{{sfn|Bowman|Garnsey|Cameron|2005|p=745}}

| {{ROU}}

100px

| Acmonia ({{langx|grc|Ἀκμωνία|Akmonia}};{{sfn|Ptolemy|140 AD|loc=III 8,4}}{{sfn|Olteanu LTDM - Ptolemy's Dacia}} Agnaviae;{{sfn|Tabula Peutingeriana|loc=Segmentum VII,4}}{{sfn|Olteanu LTDM - IPA}} Agmonia{{sfn|Ravenna Cosmography|loc=IV 14,203}}{{sfn|Olteanu LTDM - IPA}})

| ?

| Ptolemy's Geographia;{{sfn|Ptolemy|140 AD|loc=III 8,4}}{{sfn|Olteanu LTDM - Ptolemy's Dacia}} Tabula Peutingeriana;{{sfn|Tabula Peutingeriana|loc=Segmentum VII,4}}{{sfn|Olteanu LTDM - IPA}} Ravenna Cosmography{{sfn|Ravenna Cosmography|loc=IV 14,203}}{{sfn|Olteanu LTDM - IPA}}

| ?

| between Marga and Zăvoi{{sfn|Rusu|1997|p=191}}

| {{ROU}}

100px

| Aedava{{sfn|Velkov|1977|p=92}} ({{langx|grc|Ἀέδαβα}}{{sfn|Procopius|550 AD|loc=IV 2,6}}{{sfn|Olteanu LTDM - Toponyms}})

| ?

| Unknown; Justinian (r. 527–565) restored the damaged portion of the town defenses{{sfn|Procopius|550 AD|loc=IV 2,6}}

| Procopius, De Aedificiis{{sfn|Procopius|550 AD|loc=IV 2,6}}{{sfn|Olteanu LTDM - Toponyms}}

| ?

| on the Danubian road between Augustae and Variana{{sfn|Procopius|550 AD|loc=IV 2,6}}{{sfn|Olteanu LTDM - Toponyms}}

| {{BUL}}

100px

| Aiadava

| ?

| Bela Palanka

| {{SRB}}

100px

| Aizis

| ?

| Fârliug

| {{ROU}}

100px

| Amutria

| ?

| {{ROU}}

100px

| Apulon

| ?

| Alba Iulia

| {{ROU}}

100px

| Arcina

| ?

| {{ROU}}

100px

| Arcobadara

| ?

| {{ROU}}

100px

| (Mala Kopania)

| ?

| Mala Kopania

| {{UKR}}

100px

| (Zemplín)

| ?

| Zemplín

| {{SVK}}

Notes

References

= Ancient =

{{cite book

|ref = {{sfnRef|Tabula Peutingeriana}}

|last = Anonymous

|title = Tabula Peutingeriana

|url = http://www.tabula-peutingeriana.de/tp/tpx.html

|orig-year = 1-4th century AD

|language = la

}}

{{cite book

|ref = {{sfnRef|Ravenna Cosmography}}

|last = Anonymous

|title = Ravenna Cosmography

|year = c. 600s

|language = la

|location = Ravenna

}}

{{cite book

|ref = {{sfnRef|Procopius|550 AD}}

|last = Procopius

|author-link = Procopius

|title = De Aedificiis

|trans-title = The Buildings of Justinian

|url = https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Procopius/Buildings/

|year = c. 550

|language = grc

}}

{{cite book

|ref = {{sfnRef|Ptolemy|140 AD}}

|last = Ptolemy

|first = Claudius

|author-link = Ptolemy

|title = Geographia

|publisher = Sumptibus et typis Caroli Tauchnitii

|trans-title = Geography

|url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_4ksBAAAAMAAJ

|year = c. 140

|language = grc

}}

= Modern =

{{cite book

|last1 = Bowman

|first1 = Alan Keir

|author-link1 = Alan Bowman (classicist)

|last2 = Garnsey

|first2 = Peter

|last3 = Cameron

|first3 = Averil

|author-link3 = Averil Cameron

|title = The Cambridge Ancient History

|volume = 12: The Crisis of Empire, A.D. 193–337

|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=MNSyT_PuYVMC

|series = The Cambridge Ancient History

|publisher = Cambridge University Press

|location = London

|year = 2005

|isbn = 978-0521301992

}}

{{cite book

|last = Grumeza

|first = Ion

|title = Dacia: Land of Transylvania, Cornerstone of Ancient Eastern Europe

|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=07-RjGQajw0C

|year = 2009

|publisher = Hamilton Books

|isbn = 0761844651

|quote = The shores of the Danube were well monitored from the Dacian fortresses Acidava, Buricodava, Dausadava (the shrine of the wolves), Diacum, Drobeta (Turnu Severin), Nentivava (Oltenita), Suvidava (Corabia), Tsirista, Tierna/Dierna (Orsova) and what is today Zimnicea. Downstream were also other fortresses: Axiopolis (Cernadova), Barbosi, Buteridava, Capidava(Topalu), Carsium(Harsova), Durostorum(Silistra), Sacidava/Sagadava (Dunareni) along with still others...

}}

{{cite book

|last = Illyés

|first = Elemér

|title = Ethnic continuity in the Carpatho-Danubian area

|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=rXlpAAAAMAAJ

|series = East European Monographs

|publisher = East European Monographs

|year = 1988

|isbn = 978-0880331463

}}

{{cite web

|last = Olteanu

|first = Sorin

|title = Linguae Thraco-Daco-Moesorum - Itinerarium Pictum Annotatum

|url = http://soltdm.com/sources/mss/ipa/ipa_intro.htm

|language = ro, en

|work = Linguae Thraco-Daco-Moesorum

|access-date = 21 October 2011

|ref = {{sfnref|Olteanu LTDM - IPA}}

}}

{{cite web

|last=Olteanu

|first=Sorin

|title=Linguae Thraco-Daco-Moesorum - Ptolemy's Dacia

|url=http://soltdm.com/sources/mss/ptol/ptol_dac.htm

|language=ro, en

|work=Linguae Thraco-Daco-Moesorum

|access-date=3 March 2011

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716103421/http://soltdm.com/sources/mss/ptol/ptol_dac.htm

|archive-date= 16 July 2011

|url-status=dead

|ref = {{sfnref|Olteanu LTDM - Ptolemy's Dacia}}

}}

{{cite web

|last=Olteanu

|first=Sorin

|title=Linguae Thraco-Daco-Moesorum - Toponyms

|url=http://soltdm.com/geo/arts/categs/categs.htm

|language=ro, en

|work=Linguae Thraco-Daco-Moesorum

|access-date=3 January 2010

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716103139/http://soltdm.com/geo/arts/categs/categs.htm

|archive-date= 16 July 2011

|url-status=dead

|ref = {{sfnref|Olteanu LTDM - Toponyms}}

}}

{{cite book

|last = Polomé

|first = Edgar Charles

|author-link1 = Edgar Charles Polomé

|editor1-last = Boardman

|editor1-first = John

|editor1-link = John Boardman (art historian)

|title = The Cambridge Ancient History

|volume = 3, Part 1: The Prehistory of the Balkans; and the Middle East and the Aegean world, tenth to eighth centuries B.C.

|series = The Cambridge Ancient History

|chapter = 20e

|publisher = Cambridge University Press

|location = London

|year = 1982

|isbn = 978-0-521-22496-3

}}

{{cite book

|last=Rusu

|first=Mircea

|title=Istoria României. Transilvania

|volume=1

|chapter=3

|url=http://www.istoriatransilvaniei.ro/vol1/v1c3.pdf

|publisher=Editura "George Barițiu"

|location=Cluj-Napoca

|year=1997

|language=ro

|url-status=dead

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309020846/http://www.istoriatransilvaniei.ro/vol1/v1c3.pdf

|archive-date=2012-03-09

}}

{{cite book

|last = Schütte

|first = Gudmund

|author-link = Gudmund Schütte

|title = Ptolemy's maps of northern Europe: a reconstruction of the prototypes

|url = https://archive.org/details/ptolemysmapsofno00schrich

|year = 1917

|publisher = H. Hagerup

|location = Copenhagen

}}

{{cite book

|last = Velkov

|first = Velizar Iv

|author-link = Velizar Iv Velkov

|title = The Cities in Thrace and Dacia in Late Antiquity: (Studies and Materials)

|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=5FN9AAAAIAAJ

|publisher = Adolf M. Hakkert

|year = 1977

|location = Amsterdam, the Netherlands

|isbn = 9789025607234

}}

External links

[https://maps.google.com/maps?q=http://bbs.keyhole.com/ubb/download.php?Number=1274893 Dacian towns and fortress - Google Maps]
[http://bbs.keyhole.com/ubb/download.php?Number=1274893 Dacian towns and fortress - Google Earth]
[https://web.archive.org/web/20101223054126/http://www.enciclopedia-dacica.ro/dave/dave.htm Dacian Davae in Enciclopedia Dacica] {{in lang|ro}}
[https://web.archive.org/web/20100806192419/http://www.enciclopedia-dacica.ro/dave/materiale.htm Dacian materials and construction techniques in Enciclopedia Dacica] {{in lang|ro}}
[https://web.archive.org/web/20110716103139/http://soltdm.com/geo/arts/categs/categs.htm Sorin Olteanu's Project: Linguae Thraco-Daco-Moesorum - Toponyms Section] ({{in lang|ro}}, partially {{in lang|en}})
[http://www.eliznik.org.uk/RomaniaHistory/dacia-places.htm Lists of Dacian fortresses, towns and citadels]

Category:Dacian towns

Fortresses, Dacian

ro:Listă de cetăți dacice

List of Dacian towns and fortresses

Table

See also

Notes

References

= Ancient =

= Modern =

Further reading

External links