List of English chief ministers

• 1330–1340: John de Stratford, Archbishop of Canterbury
• 1367–1371: William of Wykeham, Bishop of Winchester
• 1389–1391: William of Wykeham, Bishop of Winchester

{{further|Regency government, 1422–1437}}

• 1413–1417: Henry Beaufort, Cardinal, Bishop of Winchester
• 1422–1435: John, Duke of Bedford, Regent, died 14 September 1435
• 1422–1437: Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, Regent, died 23 February 1447
• 1424–1427: Henry Beaufort, Cardinal, Bishop of Winchester
• 1432–1447: Henry Beaufort, Cardinal, Bishop of Winchester
• 1447–1450: William de la Pole, 1st Duke of Suffolk
• 3 April 1454 – February 1455: Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York
• 19 November 1455 – 25 February 1456: Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York, Protector (Regent) for King Henry VI
• 1470–1471: Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick{{KIA}}; known as Warwick the Kingmaker; killed at the Battle of Barnet

• 1461–1467: Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick; known as Warwick the Kingmaker
• 1475–1483: Thomas Rotherham, Archbishop of York
• 30 April – 26 June 1483: Richard Plantagenet, Duke of Gloucester, was Lord Protector of the Realm during the nominal reign of 12-year-old King Edward V (one of the "Princes in the Tower"), before claiming the throne for himself as King Richard III

{{See also|Tudor period}}

{{See also|Stuart period}}

{{further|List of English ministries}}

{{blockquote

|text = This is very true: for my words are my own, and my actions are my ministers. |author = King Charles II

|source = reply to Lord Rochester's epitaph on him {{harv|Knowles|1999|page=203}}

}}

In 1660, the leadership of the Commonwealth recalled Charles II and the chief minister became responsible to some extent to Parliament as leader of a ministry, although much of the time King Charles was in effect his own chief minister. The Glorious Revolution of 1688–89 furthered this process and by the time of Queen Anne in 1702, monarchs had little choice as to who their ministers would be.

{{Further|Convention Parliament (1660)|Cavalier Parliament|Habeas Corpus Parliament|Exclusion Bill Parliament|Oxford Parliament (1681)|Loyal Parliament}}

{{Further|Convention Parliament (1689)}}

From 1693 and during the sole reign of William III, the government was increasingly dominated by the Whig Junto.

The Kingdoms of England and Scotland united to form the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707.

{{further|Act of Settlement 1701|Prime Minister of the United Kingdom}}

In the immediate aftermath of the death of Queen Anne in 1714, the monarchy was unable to function as the new King was in his domains in Hanover and did not know of his accession. As a stopgap, Parliament elected Thomas Parker, 1st Earl of Macclesfield Regent, or "acting king" until the new monarch arrived to take his crown. Later, George, Prince of Wales reigned as regent for six months from July 1716 to January 1717 when the King went to Hanover.

In the early part of the reign of George I, who could not speak English, the cabinet began meeting without the monarch present.

Following the succession of George I and the resignation of the Duke of Shrewsbury in 1714, the office of Lord High Treasurer went into permanent commission, its function undertaken by a commission of Lords of the Treasury, chaired by the First Lord of the Treasury, rather than by an individual Lord High Treasurer. From 1714 to 1717 the ministry was led by Viscount Townshend, who was nominally Northern Secretary; the Earl of Halifax, the Earl of Carlisle and Sir Robert Walpole successively served alongside Townshend as nominal First Lord of the Treasury. From 1717 to 1721 Lords Stanhope (First Lord 1717–18) and Sunderland (First Lord 1718–21) led the administration jointly, with Stanhope managing foreign affairs and Sunderland managing home affairs. Stanhope died in February 1721 and Sunderland resigned in April 1721; Townshend and Walpole returned to office.

Thus the First Lord of the Treasury came to be the most powerful minister and the prototype of Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and its dominions.

• Chief minister of France

{{Reflist}}

{{refbegin}}

• {{cite book | last = Bigham | first = Clive | author-link = Clive Bigham, 2nd Viscount Mersey | title = The Chief Ministers of England, 920–1720 | publisher = John Murray | year = 1925 | location = London | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=jtoZAAAAIAAJ}}
• {{Cite book |last=Butt |first=Ronald |title=A History of Parliament: The Middle Ages |date=1989 |publisher=Constable |isbn=0-0945-6220-2 |location=London |author-link=Ronald Butt}}
• {{citation |title=Collier's Encyclopedia |volume=9 |publisher=Electron Gun to Fischer |pages=184–185}}
• {{citation |title=Collier's Encyclopedia |volume=11 |publisher=Germanium to Heath Hen |pages=372–373}}
• {{citation |last=Knowles|first=Elizabeth M.|title=The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o6rFno1ffQoC&pg=PA203|year=1999|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-860173-9}}
• {{Cite book |last=Maddicott |first=J. R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KCcUDAAAQBAJ |title=The Origins of the English Parliament, 924-1327 |date=2010 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-199-58550-2 |author-link=John Maddicott}}
• {{cite book | last1 = Powell | first1 = J. Enoch | author-link1 = Enoch Powell | last2 = Wallis | first2 = Keith | title = The House of Lords in the Middle Ages: A History of the English House of Lords to 1540 | publisher = Weidenfeld & Nicolson | year = 1968 | location = London | url = https://archive.org/details/houseoflordsinmi0000powe | url-access = registration | isbn = 0297761056}}

{{refend}}

{{English ministries|state=expanded}}

{{British ministries|state=collapsed}}

{{Great Officers of State in the United Kingdom|state=collapsed}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:English chief ministers}}

Category:Political history of the United Kingdom

Category:Government of England

Category:English ministries

Category:Political history of England

Category:17th century in England

Category:1668 establishments in England

Category:1670s disestablishments in England

Category:Ministries of Charles II of England