List of Epistolae (Letters) of Spinoza

{{short description|none}}

The following is a list of notable correspondence (Epistolae) of the Dutch philosopher Benedictus de Spinoza (1633-1677) with well-known learned men and with his admirers. These letters were published after Spinoza's death in the Opera Posthuma (Dutch translated edition: De nagelate schriften, 1677).Publications by, for example, the Italian publishing house Quodlibet: [http://www.quodlibet.it/schedap.php?id=1790 quodlibet.it Opera posthuma] F. Mignini ed., Amsterdam 1677. Photografic reproduction. Spinoza had preserved the incoming letters and drafts of the letters he sent. In total 88 letters, predominantly concerning philosophical subjects have been handed down: 50 by Spinoza and 38 by his correspondents, 52 written in Latin and 26 in Dutch. The letters discuss topics from Spinoza's own work including infinity and the attributes (properties) of "God", Spinoza's concept of the universe) but also touch on subjects such as ghosts and scientific discoveries, for example the vacuum.{{cite web |url=https://spinozaweb.org/about |title=Spinoza Web. About. |last= |first= |date=2023 |website=spinozaweb.org |publisher=Spinoza’s Web project of the Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies, Utrecht University |access-date=5 March 2023 |quote=}}

Benedictus de Spinoza - Epistolae - title page, 1677.jpg|Title page of B.d.S.: Epistolae doctorum quorumdam virorum, 1677, in Latin and Dutch. Translated title: Letters of learned men with answers. Published posthumously.

B. de Spinoza - Letter in Dutch of 3 June 1665 - Brief van 3 juni 1665.png|Letter of Benedictus de Spinoza (Gebhardt number 27) to Willem van Blijenbergh, written at Voorburg on 3 June 1665. In Dutch.

Benedictus de Spinoza - Letter in Latin to Johannes Georgius Graevius (Epistolae 49), 14 December 1664 - Text (cropped).jpg|Short letter (Gebhardt number 49) of Spinoza to the Utrecht professor Johannes Georgius Graevius of 14 December 1664. In Latin. .

Spinoza Letter to Leibniz.jpg|Short letter (Gebhardt number 46) of Spinoza to Leibniz of 9 November 1671. In Latin.

Table of selected letters

The date of the letter is given with a correction for the Old/New Style dating system. A selection from the letters:

wikisource Epistolae (Benedictus de Spinoza)

{{Cite web |url=https://spinozaweb.org/letters/oPpp/desc |title=Letters - Spinoza web |access-date=7 November 2021 |website=spinozaweb.org/letters}}

{{Cite web |url=http://users.telenet.be/rwmeijer/spinoza/epindex.htm |title=Index Epistolarum |access-date=7 November 2021 |website=users.telenet.be/rwmeijer}}

{{Cite web |url=http://spinoza.tk/epistolae.pdf |title=Epistolae Doctorum Quorundam Virorum Ad B. D. S. Et Auctoris Responsiones Ad aliorum ejus Operum elucidationem non parùm facientes. BARUCH DE SPINOZA OPERA Hrsg. von Carl Gebhardt, Heidelberg: Carl Winters, 1925. 4 Bände. |access-date=7 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706151908/http://spinoza.tk/epistolae.pdf |archive-date=6 July 2017 |website=spinoza.tk}}

{{Cite web |url=https://archief.amsterdam/inventarissen/details/169/path/2.2.1.1.2 |title=169 Inventaris van het Archief van het Weeshuis der Doopsgezinde Collegianten de Oranjeappel. Brieven van en aan B. de Spinoza, 1663-1676 |access-date=7 November 2021 |website=archief.amsterdam |language=Dutch}}

class="wikitable sortable"

!Number

!Gebhardt
number"Epistolarum numeri". On the last two pages is a concordance: {{Cite web |url=http://spinoza.tk/epistolae.pdf |title=Epistolae Doctorum Quorundam Virorum Ad B. D. S. Et Auctoris Responsiones Ad aliorum ejus Operum elucidationem non parùm facientes. BARUCH DE SPINOZA OPERA Hrsg. von Carl Gebhardt, Heidelberg: Carl Winters, 1925. 4 Bände. |access-date=7 November 2021 |archive-date=6 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706151908/http://spinoza.tk/epistolae.pdf}}

!From
Sender

!To
Addressee

!Location
Sender

!Day

!Month

!Year

!Subject

!Language

01 I01 IOldenburg, HenrySpinoza, Benedictus deLondon16/26081661God, extensionLatin
02 II02 IISpinozaOldenburg091661Attributes (properties) of God, Ethica part 1 axioms, theorem 1–4, mistakes by Descartes and Francis Bacon (1561-1626).Latin
03 III03 IIIOldenburgSpinozaLondon27091661Existence of God, Ethica part 1 axioms, promises to send a book by Robert Boyle.Latin
04 IV04 IVSpinozaOldenburg101661Short answers to questions, Spinoza will visit Amsterdam.Latin
05 V05 VOldenburgSpinozaLondon11/21101661Sends Robert Boyle's book: De Nitro, Fluiditate, & Firmitate.Latin
06 VIFile:Letter from Spinoza to Henry Oldenburg about an experiment, 1661.jpg06 VISpinozaOldenburg1661?Thanks for and comments on Robert Boyle's book De Nitro, Fluiditate, & Firmitate, with sketches.Latin
07 VII07 VIIOldenburgSpinozaBoyle thanks Spinoza through Oldenburg for his comments. B. lacked the time to answer Spinoza himself and had to defend himself against attacks on his books about the pressure and expansion of gases. The Royal Society has been founded. Oldenburg exhorts Spinoza to publish in his own free Dutch Republic (Republic of the Seven United Netherlands).Latin
08 VIII11 XIOldenburgSpinozaLondon03041663Answer to letter 6?Latin
15 XV32 XXXIISpinozaOldenburg111665Coherence of nature, Christiaan HuygensLatin
23 XXIII36 XXXVISpinozaBlijenberghVoorburg13031665"Mijnheer en Vrient", "U. E. V. E. D."Dutch
24 XXIV File:Willem van Blijenbergh - Brief aan Spinoza - Letter to Spinoza - Gebhardt number 24 part 1 - Dordrecht, 27 March 1665 - Text.jpg37 XXXVIIBlijenberghSpinozaDordrecht27031665Answer to 23, "Mijn heer en vrient", "UEDWD"Dutch
26 XXVI08 VIIIVries, Simon Joosten deSpinozaAmsterdam24021664Discusses Spinoza's work with a group of people.{{cite web |url=http://www.spinozaetnous.org/wiki/Lettre_8 |title=Correspondance de Spinoza. Lettre 8 de Simon de Vries à Spinoza 1663 |last=de Vries |first=Simon |date=14 January 2017 |website=spinozaetnous.org |publisher=Spinoza et Nous |access-date=5 March 2023 |quote=}} French translation. Asks two questions about nature in the Ethica and the opinion of others. Mentions Casearius, Borelli, Tacquet and Clavius. Questions Ethica part 1 theorem 8 remark 3 and theorem 19 remark 2.Latin
27 XXVII File:B. de Spinoza - Letter in Dutch of 3 June 1665 - Brief van 3 juni 1665.png09 IXSpinozaVries, de1663Spinoza sorts out various kinds of definitions and explains his opinions.Latin
28 XXVIII10 XSpinozaVries, deRijnsburg1663?Answer on proofs and eternity.Latin
29 XXIX12 XIISpinozaMeijer, Lodewijk20041663InfinityLatin
31 XXXI18 XVIIIBlijenbergh, Willem vanSpinozaDordrecht12121664Opening: "Mijn Heer en onbekende Vrient..."Dutch
32 XXXII19 XIXSpinozaBlijenbergh"Op de Lange bogart"05011665Dutch
33 XXXIII20 XXBlijenberghSpinozaDordrecht16011665Opening: "Mijn Heer en waarde Vrient"Dutch
34 XXXIV21 XXISpinozaBlijenbergh---1665Latin (no Dutch?)
35 XXXV22 XXIIBlijenberghSpinoza"Dordrecht by de groote kerck"19021665Dutch
36 XXXVI23 XXIIISpinozaBlijenberghVoorburg13031665Dutch
37 XXXVII24 XXIVBlijenberghSpinozaDordrecht27031665Dutch
38 XXXVIII27 XXVIISpinozaBlijenberghVoorburg03061665Dutch
39 XXXIX34 XXXIVSpinozaHudde, JohannesVoorburg07011666GodLatin
40 XL35 XXXVSpinozaHuddeVoorburg10041666GodLatin
41 XLI36 XXXVISpinozaHudde?051666GodLatin
42 XLII37 XXXVIISpinozaBouwmeester?, I. B.10061666The best method to acquire knowledge.Latin
45 XLV51 LILeibnizSpinoza "à Amsterdam"Frankfurt05 NS101671Latin, "Illustris et Amplme Vir"
46 XLVI File:Spinoza Letter to Leibniz.jpg52 LIISpinozaLeibnizDen Haag09111671Answer to letter Gebhardt number 45, in two versions, "Afgegaan den 8ste December 1671"Latin, "Nobilissime Vir"
49 XLIX File:Benedictus de Spinoza - Letter in Latin to Johannes Georgius Graevius (Epistolae 49), 14 December 1664 - Text (cropped).jpg-SpinozaGraevius, Johannes Georgius at UtrechtDen Haag16121673"(Hagse nacht post.)"Latin, "Vir Clarissime", "Omni affectu atque studio Tuus", "Benedictus despinoza"
50 L50 LSpinozaJelles, Jarig?02061674Difference between Thomas Hobbes and Spinoza on politics and God.Latin
51 LI45 XLVLeibnizSpinozaFrankfurt05 styl101671Latin
52 LII46 XLVISpinozaLeibnizDen Haag/The Hague09111671Latin
61 LXI57 LVIIEhrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus?Spinoza08101674Difference between Descartes and Spinoza on free will.Latin
62 LXII58 LVIIISpinozaSchuller?101674FreedomLatin
63 LXIII59 LIXTschirnhausSpinoza05011675Calls on Spinoza to publish his books Tractatus de Intellectus Emendatione (Treatise on the Emendation of the Intellect) and Ethica, the definition of motion and the difference between true and adequate ideas.Latin
64 LXIV60 LXSpinozaTschirnhaus?011675Difference between true and adequate ideas.Latin
65 LXV63 LXIIISchuller?Spinoza25071675Four questions on the attributes (properties) of God.Latin
66 LXVI64 LXIVSpinozaSchuller?29071675Gives answers concerning the first three applauded books of the Ethica, that should be handed to a friend.Latin
67 LXVII65 LXVTschirnhaus?Spinoza12081675Inquires whether there exist two or more attributes (properties) of God, except extension (mass) and thought.Latin
68 LXVIII66 LXVISpinozaTschirnhaus?18081675Refers to Ethica part 1 theorem 10 and Ethica part 2 theorem 7 Scholium [remark].Latin
69 LXIX80 LXXXTschirnhaus?Spinoza02051676Asks Spinoza to explain his letters on infinity (Letter 29).Latin
70 LXX81 LXXXISpinozaTschirnhaus?05051676Explains his position on infinity.Latin
71 LXXI82 LXXXIITschirnhaus?Spinoza23061676Asks how Spinoza derives the existence of various bodies from extension.Latin
72 LXXII83 LXXXIISpinozaTschirnhaus?15071676Replies that this is impossible, and that this is not his doctrine.Latin
no number84 LXXXIVSpinozaA friend?----About Spinoza's Tractatus politicus.Latin

{{commons category|Spinoza, Epistolae (Letters)}}

{{Baruch Spinoza}}

References