List of Indian Nobel laureates

{{Short description|None}}

{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}

File:Rabindranath Tagore in 1909.jpg was the first person of Indian origin and also first Asian to be awarded with the Nobel Prize.{{Cite web |last=Kasturi |first=Charu Sudan |date=25 August 2013 |title=Nobel tribute to Tagore – Stockholm to Calcutta, Sweden lines up centenary events |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/nobel-tribute-to-tagore-stockholm-to-calcutta-sweden-lines-up-centenary-events/cid/268409 |access-date=4 July 2024 |publisher=The Telegraph India |archive-date=5 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181205103452/https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/nobel-tribute-to-tagore-stockholm-to-calcutta-sweden-lines-up-centenary-events/cid/268409 |url-status=live }} He received the prize for Literature in 1913.|alt=Picture of Rabindranath Tagore, the first Indian Nobel Laureate.]]

The Nobel Prize is a set of annual international awards bestowed on "those who conferred the greatest benefit on humankind" in the fields of Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, Peace and Economic Sciences,{{efn-ua|The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences is an additional prize that was established in 1968 by the Bank of Sweden and was first awarded in 1969. Although not technically a Nobel Prize, it is identified with the award and the winners are announced with the Nobel Prize recipients, and the Prize in Economic Sciences is presented at the Nobel Prize Award Ceremony.}}{{Cite web |title=Nobel Prizes–Britannica |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/416856/Nobel-Prize |access-date=4 July 2024 |publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica |archive-date=29 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429230820/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/416856/Nobel-Prize |url-status=live }} instituted by Alfred Nobel's last will, which specified that a part of his fortune be used to create the prizes. Each laureate (recipient) receives a gold medal, a diploma and a sum of money, which is decided annually by the Nobel Foundation.{{Cite web |title=The Nobel Prize |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/ |access-date=4 July 2024 |publisher=Nobel Foundation |archive-date=15 October 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081015012957/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/ |url-status=live }} The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awards the Nobel Prize in Physics, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry and the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel; the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute awards the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine; the Swedish Academy awards the Nobel Prize in Literature; and the Norwegian Nobel Committee awards the Nobel Peace Prize. They are widely recognised as one of the most prestigious honours awarded in the aforementioned fields.{{Cite web |date=7 December 2018 |title=A short guide to the Nobel Prize |url=https://sweden.se/society/the-nobel-prize/ |access-date=4 July 2024 |publisher=Swedish Institute |archive-date=24 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190124203541/https://sweden.se/society/the-nobel-prize/ |url-status=live }}

First instituted in 1901, the Nobel Prize has been awarded to a total of 989 individuals (930 men and 59 women) and 30 organisations {{as of|2022|lc=y}}.{{Cite web |last=Media |first=Nobel |date=22 November 2018 |title=Nobel Prize facts |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/facts/nobel-prize-facts/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106004028/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/facts/nobel-prize-facts/ |archive-date=6 November 2018 |access-date=22 November 2018 |publisher=Nobel Foundation}} Among the recipients, 12 are Indians of which 5 are Indian citizens and 7 are of Indian ancestry or residency. Rabindranath Tagore was the first Indian citizen to be awarded and also first Asian to be awarded in 1913. Mother Teresa is the only woman among the list of recipients.{{Cite news |date=10 October 2014 |title=From 1913 to 2014: Indian Nobel Prize winners |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/from-1913-to-2014-indian-nobel-prize-winners/article6489283.ece?mstac=0#im-image-0 |url-status=live |access-date=14 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230921161050/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Indian-Nobel-Prize-winners-In-pictures/article60649665.ece#im-image-0 |archive-date=21 September 2023}} Sri Aurobindo, the Indian poet, philosopher, nationalist and developer of Integral yoga, was nominated unsuccessfully for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1943 and for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1950.{{Cite web |last=Rajinder Singh |date=Sep 2012 |title=Aurobindo Gosh's Nobel nomination |url=http://www.scienceandculture-isna.org/sep-oct-2012/10_Opinion_India_s_Literature_Nobel_Prize_Nominators_and_Nominees_and_Kolkata_s_Contribution_by_Rajinder_Singh_Pg.440.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808064120/http://www.scienceandculture-isna.org/sep-oct-2012/10_Opinion_India_s_Literature_Nobel_Prize_Nominators_and_Nominees_and_Kolkata_s_Contribution_by_Rajinder_Singh_Pg.440.html |archive-date=8 August 2016 |access-date=7 November 2018 |publisher=Science and Culture |pages=442}}{{Cite web |last=Media |first=Nobel |date=22 November 2018 |title=Aurobindo Ghosh Nomination archive |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/redirector/?redir=archive/show_people.php&id=567 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181122173710/https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/redirector/?redir=archive%2Fshow_people.php&id=567 |archive-date=22 November 2018 |access-date=22 November 2018 |publisher=Nobel Foundation}}

On 1 December 1999, the Norwegian Nobel Committee confirmed that Mahatma Gandhi was nominated unsuccessfully for the Peace Prize five times (from 1937 to 1939, in 1947 and a few days before he was assassinated in January 1948).{{Cite book |last=Levinovitz, Agneta Wallin |title=The Nobel Prize: The First 100 Years |publisher=Imperial College Press, London |year=2001 |isbn=9789810246655 |location=London |pages=181–186 |author-link=#Levinovitz69}} In 2006, Geir Lundestad, the Secretary of Norwegian Nobel Committee, cited it as "the greatest omission in our 106-year history".{{Cite web |last=Tønnesson |first=Øyvind |date=1 December 1999 |title=Mahatma Gandhi, the Missing Laureate |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/themes/peace/gandhi/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170602181245/http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/themes/peace/gandhi/index.html |archive-date=2 June 2017 |access-date=7 November 2018 |publisher=Nobel Foundation}}{{Cite web |last=Ghosh |first=Avijit |date=17 October 2006 |title=We missed Mahatma Gandhi |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/rest-of-world/We-missed-Mahatma-Gandhi/articleshow/2181375.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523225928/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/rest-of-world/we-missed-mahatma-gandhi/articleshow/2181375.cms |archive-date=23 May 2022 |access-date=5 December 2018 |website=The Times of India}}{{Cite web |last=Wolchover |first=Natalie |date=10 May 2011 |title=No Peace for Gandhi |url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/44787416/ns/technology_and_science-science/t/top-nobel-prize-goof-ups/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181207155937/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/44787416/ns/technology_and_science-science/t/top-nobel-prize-goof-ups/ |archive-date=7 December 2018 |access-date=6 December 2018 |publisher=NBCNews}}

Laureates

class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" border="1" style="text-align:center"

|+The following are the Nobel laureates who were residing in India at the time they were awarded the Nobel Prize.{{Cite news |last=George |first=P J |date=10 October 2014 |title=List of laureates |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/indian-nobel-prize-winners-in-pictures/article6489283.ece/photo/1/ |access-date=4 July 2024 |work=The Hindu |archive-date=12 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171112182133/http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/world/malala-kailash-satyarthi-win-nobel-peace-prize/article6488625.ece |url-status=live }}{{efn-ua|Per Indian nationality law, Article 9 of the Indian Constitution says that a person who voluntarily acquires citizenship of any other country is no longer an Indian citizen. Also, according to The Passports Act, a person has to surrender his Indian passport; it is a punishable offence under the act if he fails to surrender the passport. Hence, citizenship exclusively includes jus sanguinis (citizenship by right of blood).{{Cite web |title=Indian Citizenship |url=http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/coifiles/p02.htm |access-date=4 July 2024 |publisher=indiacode.nic.in |archive-date=5 June 2003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030605041213/http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/coifiles/p02.htm |url-status=live }}}}

scope="col"| Year

! scope colspan="2" width=200px | Laureate

! scope="col"| Field

! scope="col" class="unsortable"| Rationale

! scope="col" class="unsortable"| {{abbr|Ref.|Reference}}

align="centre"| 1913

| File:Rabindranath Tagore in 1909.jpg

!scope=row| {{sort name|Rabindranath|Tagore}}

| Literature

| "Because of his profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful verse, by which, with consummate skill, he has made his poetic thought, expressed in his own English words, a part of the literature of the West."

|{{Cite web |title=Rabindranath Tagore |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1913/tagore-facts.html |access-date=4 July 2024 |publisher=Nobel Foundation |archive-date=11 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170611070728/http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1913/tagore-facts.html |url-status=live }}

align="centre"| 1930

| File:Sir CV Raman.JPG

!scope=row| {{sort name|C. V.|Raman}}

| Physics

| "For his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him."

|{{Cite web |title=C V Raman |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1930/raman-facts.html |access-date=4 July 2024 |publisher=Nobel Foundation |archive-date=17 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150917083216/http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1930/raman-facts.html |url-status=live }}

align="centre"| 1979

| File:MotherTeresa 094.jpg

!scope=row| Mother Teresa
{{efn-ua|Born in Skopje, Ottoman Empire}}

| Peace

| "in recognition of [her] work in bringing help to suffering humanity"

|{{Cite web |title=Mother Teresa Agnes |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1979/teresa-facts.html |access-date=4 July 2024 |publisher=Nobel Foundation |archive-date=11 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170611070754/http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1979/teresa-facts.html |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |date=27 October 1979 |title=Press Release 1979 Peace |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1979/press-release/ |access-date=4 July 2024 |publisher=Nobel Foundation |archive-date=14 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180814160055/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1979/press.html |url-status=live }}

align="centre"| 1998

| File:Amartya Sen , c2000 (4379246038).jpg

!scope=row| {{sort name|Amartya|Sen}}

| Economic Sciences

| "For his contributions to welfare economics."

|{{Cite web |title=Amartya Sen |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1998/sen/facts/ |access-date=4 July 2024 |publisher=Nobel Foundation |archive-date=7 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181107185330/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1998/sen/facts/ |url-status=live }}

align="centre"|2014

| File:Kailash Satyarthi March 2015.jpg

!scope=row| {{sort name|Kailash|Satyarthi}}
{{efn-ua|shared with Malala Yousafzai of Pakistan}}

| Peace

| "For their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education."

|{{Cite web |title=The Nobel Peace Prize 2014 |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2014/ |access-date=4 July 2024 |publisher=Nobel Foundation |archive-date=10 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170610150457/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2014/ |url-status=live }}

= Overseas citizens of Indian origin =

class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" border="1" style="text-align:center"

|+The following are not Indians, but rather Nobel laureates born in British India or laureates who are of Indian origin but subsequently non-citizens of India; however, they are still often included in lists of Indian Nobel laureates.

scope="col"| Year

! scope colspan="2" width=200px| Laureate

! scope="col"| Country of residence

! scope="col"| Field

! scope="col" class="unsortable"| Rationale

! scope="col" class="unsortable"| {{abbr|Ref.|Reference}}

align="centre"| 1968

| File:Har Gobind Khorana nobel.jpg

!scope=row| {{sort name|Har Gobind|Khorana}} {{efn-ua|Awarded along with Robert W. Holley and Marshall W. Nirenberg}}

| {{Flag|United States}}
(born in Raipur,Punjab, British India, now Pakistan)

| Physiology or Medicine

| "For their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis."

|{{Cite web |title=H. Gobind Khorana |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1968/khorana-facts.html |access-date=4 July 2024 |publisher=Nobel Foundation |archive-date=1 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170601162054/http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1968/khorana-facts.html |url-status=live }}

align="centre"| 1983

| File:Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar.gif

!scope=row| {{sort name|Subrahmanyan|Chandrasekhar}}

| {{Flag|United States}}
(born in Lahore,Punjab, British India, now Pakistan)

| Physics

| "For his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars."

|{{Cite web |title=Subramanyan Chandrasekhar |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1983/chandrasekhar-facts.html |access-date=4 July 2024 |publisher=Nobel Foundation |archive-date=17 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170617071544/http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1983/chandrasekhar-facts.html |url-status=live }}

align="centre"| 2009

| File:Nobel Prize 2009-Press Conference KVA-08.jpg

!scope=row| {{sort name|Venkatraman|Ramakrishnan}}

| {{Flag|United Kingdom}} / {{Flag|United States}}
(born in Chidambaram, India)

| Chemistry

| "For studies of the structure and function of the ribosome."

|{{Cite web |title=Venkatraman Ramakrishnan |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2009/ramakrishnan-facts.html |access-date=4 July 2024 |publisher=Nobel Foundation |archive-date=14 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170614113034/http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2009/ramakrishnan-facts.html |url-status=live }}

style="text-align:center;"|2019

|File:FT Goldman Sachs Business Book of the Year Award 2011 (cropped).jpg

!scope="row"|{{sort name|Abhijit|Banerjee}}

| {{Flag|United States}}
(born in Mumbai, India)

| Economics

| "For his experimental approach to alleviating Global Poverty"

| {{Cite web|title=Abhijit Banerjee|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2019/banerjee/facts/|access-date=4 July 2024|publisher=Nobel Foundation|archive-date=8 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608092317/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2019/banerjee/facts/|url-status=live}}

= Other =

class="wikitable sortable"

|+The following are Nobel laureates with Indian linkages – foreigners who were born in India, those who are of Indian ancestry and those who were residents in India when they became recipients of the Nobel Prize.

scope="col"| Year

! scope colspan="2" width=200px| Laureate

! scope="col"| Country of residence

! scope="col"| Field

! scope="col" class="unsortable"| Rationale

! scope="col" class="unsortable"| {{abbr|Ref|Reference}}

align="centre"| 1902

| File:Ronald Ross.jpg

!scope=row| {{sort name|Ronald|Ross}}

| {{Flag|United Kingdom}}
(born in Almora, British India)

| Physiology or Medicine

| "For his work on malaria, by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the foundation for successful research on this disease and methods of combating it."

|{{Cite web |title=Ronald Ross |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1902/ross-facts.html |access-date=4 July 2024 |publisher=Nobel Foundation |archive-date=15 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170615205458/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1902/ross-facts.html |url-status=live }}

align="centre"| 1907

| File:Rudyard Kipling, by Elliott & Fry (cropped).jpg

!scope=row| {{sort name|Rudyard|Kipling}}

| {{Flag|United Kingdom}}
(born in Bombay, British India)

| Literature

| "In consideration of the power of observation, originality of imagination, virility of ideas and remarkable talent for narration which characterize the creations of this world-famous author."

|{{Cite web |title=Rudyard Kipling |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1907/kipling-facts.html |access-date=4 July 2024 |publisher=Nobel Foundation |archive-date=17 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170617154420/http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1907/kipling-facts.html |url-status=live }}

align="centre"| 1989

| File:Dalailama1 20121014 4639.jpg

!scope=row| {{sort name|14th|Dalai Lama}}

| {{flag|India}}
(born in Taktser, Republic of China)

| Peace

| "For his consistent resistance to the use of violence in his people’s struggle to regain their liberty."

|{{Cite web |title=Dalai Lama 14th |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1989/lama-facts.html |access-date=4 July 2024 |publisher=Nobel Foundation |archive-date=14 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414100403/http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1989/lama-facts.html |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |last=Aarvik |first=Egil |title=Award ceremony speech |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1989/ceremony-speech/ |access-date=27 January 2019 |publisher=Nobel Foundation |archive-date=27 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190127205727/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1989/ceremony-speech/ |url-status=live }}

align="centre"| 2001

| File:VS Naipal 2016 Dhaka.jpg

!scope=row| {{sort name|V. S.|Naipaul}}

| {{Flag|United Kingdom}}
(born in Chaguanas, Trinidad and Tobago)

| Literature

| "For having united perceptive narrative and incorruptible scrutiny in works that compel us to see the presence of suppressed histories."

|{{Cite web |title=Nobel Prize in Literature 2001 |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2001/index.html |access-date=4 July 2024 |publisher=Nobel Foundation |archive-date=1 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201013651/http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2001/index.html |url-status=live }}

See also

Notes

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References

{{reflist|30em}}

{{Nobel Prizes}}

{{Nobel laureates of Indian origin}}

{{Indian Nobel laureates}}

{{featured list}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Indian Nobel laureates}}

Nobel laureates

Category:Lists of Nobel laureates by nationality