Almora

Almora got its name from Bhilmora, a kind of sorrel (although some have tried to derive it from Berberis "kilmora"{{cite book|last1=Kohli|first1=M. S.|title=Mountains of India: Tourism, Adventure and Pilgrimage|publisher=Indus Publishing|isbn=9788173871351|language=en|page=146|year=2002}}{{cite book|last1=Shah|first1=Giriraj|title=Abode of gods: Uttarakhand|publisher=Cosmo Publications|language=en|page=113}}), a short plant commonly found there{{cite web|title=Almora District|url=http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/uttaranchal/districts/almora.htm|website=www.mapsofindia.com|access-date=31 August 2016}} which was used for washing the utensils of the sun temple at Katarmal. The people bringing the Bhilmora/kilmora were called Bhilmori/Kilmori and later "Almori" and the place came to be known as "Almora".{{cite news|last1=Vathsala|first1=V P|title=On the hills of Almora|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/572222/on-hills-almora.html|access-date=31 August 2016|work=Deccan Herald|date=25 September 2016}}{{cite web|title=Himalayan Region, Almora - BHOR|url=http://bhor.org/himalayan-region-almora/|access-date=2 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811135049/http://bhor.org/himalayan-region-almora/|archive-date=11 August 2018|url-status=dead}}

When king Bhishm Chand laid the foundation of the town, he had initially named it Alamnagar. Prior to that, Almora was known as 'Rajapur' during the early phase of Chand rule.{{cite book|last1=Riddick|first1=John F.|title=The History of British India: A Chronology|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=9780313322808|language=en|year=2006}}{{cite web|last1=Agarwal|first1=Rohit|title=Top 8 Places To Visit In Almora|url=http://www.transindiatravels.com/uttarakhand/almora/tourist-places-visit-in-almora/|access-date=1 September 2016}}{{cite web|last1=Dehradun|first1=NIC, Uttarakhand State Unit|title=About us: District of Almora, Uttarakhand, India|url=http://almora.nic.in/pages/display/59-about-us|website=almora.nic.in|access-date=1 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170903023333/http://almora.nic.in/pages/display/59-about-us|archive-date=3 September 2017|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}} The name 'Rajpur' is also mentioned over a number of ancient copper plates. There is still a place called Rajpur in Almora.

Almora was founded in 1568{{cite web|title= Almora History - kmvn Resources and Information.|url= http://www.kmvn.org/aboutkumaontouristsspots.aspx#almora|website= www.kmvn.org|access-date= 31 August 2016|archive-date= 14 October 2008|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081014123309/http://www.kmvn.org/aboutkumaontouristsspots.aspx#almora|url-status= dead}} by Kalyan Chand during the rule of the Chand dynasty.{{cite web|title=Almora Travel and Tourism Guide|url=http://travel.india.com/almora/|website=Travel India|access-date=1 September 2016}} Prior to that the region was under the control of Katyuri King Bhaichaldeo who donated a part of Almora to Sri Chand Tiwari.

File:Ancient Cave Paintings at Lakhudiyar, Almora District, Uttarakhand India - 1.jpeg]]

According to local tradition, the earliest inhabitants in Almora were Tewaris who were required to supply Sorrel daily for cleansing the vessels of the sun temple at Katarmal.{{cite book|title=District Census Handbook|publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Uttarakhand|location=Dehradun|page=8|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0509_PART_B_DCHB_ALMORA.pdf|access-date=31 August 2016}}{{rp|8}} Ancient lore mentioned in Vishnu Purana and Mahabharata present primordial accounts of human settlements in the city.{{rp|8}} The Sakas, the Nagas, the Kiratas, the Khasas and the Hunas are credited to be the most ancient tribes.{{rp|8}} The Kauravas and Pandavas of the Hastinapur royal family were the next important princes from the plains who are said to have affected the conquest of these parts.{{cite book|last1=Aggarwal|first1=J. C.|last2=Agrawal|first2=S. P.|title=Uttarakhand: Past, Present, and Future|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=9788170225720|language=en|year=1995}}{{rp|166}} After the Mahabharata war the district seems to have remained for some time under the sway of the kings of Hastinapur whose authority was never more than nominal.{{rp|166}} The actual rulers were the local chiefs of whom the Kulindas (or Kunindas) were probably strong in the southern and western part of the city.{{rp|8}} The Khasas were another ancient people who belonged to an early Aryan stock and were widely scattered in those times.{{rp|167}} They gave this region the name Khasadesha or Khasamandala.{{rp|8}}{{rp|167}}

File:Malla Mahal, Almora.jpg]]

The next age was probably a period of many petty states rivalling each other for supremacy, which culminated in the inauguration of the noted and enduring dynasty of the Chands. Earlier than this, the Katyuris are recorded as the dominant clans in copper and stone engravings.{{cite book|title=Census of India, 1981: Uttar Pradesh. Series 22|publisher=Controller of Publications|page=1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V6ZHAAAAYAAJ|access-date=4 September 2016|language=en|year=1982}} The Chand dynasty from their inception in 953 A.D. to their ouster in the late 18th century present a saga of strife, with a horrifying series of wars with the rulers of Garhwal culminating in the destruction of this prosperous land and establishment of inglorious Gurkha rule. This dynasty was peculiar in that it made Almora the seat of strongest hill power in 1563 A.D.{{cite book|last1=Saraswati|first1=Baidyanath|title=The Cultural Dimension of Ecology|publisher=Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts|isbn=9788124601020|language=en|date=January 1998}} From that time onwards, the limits of the kingdom of Kumaon extended over the entire tracts of the districts of Almora and Nainital. Towards the end of the 17th century, the Chand Rajas again attacked the Garhwal kingdom, and in 1688, King Udyot Chand erected several temples at Almora, including Tripur Sundari, Udyot Chandeshwer and Parbateshwer, to mark his victory over Garhwal and Doti. The Parbateshwar temple was renamed twice, eventually becoming the present Nanda Devi temple.

File:Almora Bazaar. c1860.jpg

In 1791, the Gorkhas of Nepal while expanding their kingdom westwards across the Kali River, invaded and overran Almora.{{rp|8}}{{cite book|last1=Hamilton|first1=Francis|last2=Buchanan|first2=Francis Hamilton|title=An Account of the Kingdom of Nepal: And of the Territories Annexed to this Dominion by the House of Gorkha|publisher=A. Constable|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7bYRAAAAYAAJ&q=The+name+Rajapur+is+also+mentioned+over+a+number+of+ancient+copper+plates|access-date=2 September 2016|language=en|year=1819}} In the meantime, the British were engaged in preventing the Gorkhas from over-running the whole of the northern frontier.{{cite book|last1=Lamb|first1=Alastair|title=British India and Tibet, 1766-1910|date=1986|publisher=Routledge & Kegan Paul|location=London|isbn=0710208723|edition=2nd, rev.}} The Gorkha rule lasted for twenty-four years. Due to their repeated intrusion into British territories in the Terai from 1800 onwards, Lord Moira, the Governor-General of India, decided to attack Almora in December 1814,{{cite book|last1=Cross|first1=John Pemble; foreword by J.P.|title=Britain's Gurkha War : the invasion of Nepal, 1814-16|date=2008|publisher=Frontline|location=London|isbn=978-1-84832-520-3|edition=[Rev. ed.]}} marking the beginning of the Anglo-Gorkha war. The war that broke out in 1814{{cite book|last1=Naravane|first1=M.S.|title=Battles of the honourable East India Company : making of the Raj|date=2006|publisher=A. P. H. Pub. Corp.|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-81-313-0034-3}}{{cite book|last1=Gould|first1=Tony|title=Imperial warriors : Britain and the Gurkhas|date=2000|publisher=Granta Books|location=London|isbn=1-86207-365-1}} resulted in the defeat of the Gorkhas and subsequently led to the signing of the Treaty of Sugauli in 1816.{{cite book|last1=Martin|first1=Robert Montgomery|title=The History of the Indian Empire|publisher=Mayur Publications|language=en}}{{rp|594}}{{cite book|title=Summary of the operations in India: with their results : from 30 April 1814 to 31 Jan. 1823|date=1824|publisher=Marquis of Hastings}} According to the treaty, Nepal had to cede all those territories which the Gorkhas had annexed to the British East India Company. After the war, the old Lal Mandi fort, near Almora was renamed ‘Fort Moira’.

Unlike neighbouring hill stations such as Nainital and Shimla, which were developed by the British,{{Harv|Barron|1844}}{{cite book|last1=Murphy|first1=C. W.|title=A guide to Naini Tal and Kumaun, etc|date=1906|location=Allahbad, United Provinces}}{{cite book | author=Vipin Pubby | title=Shimla Then and Now | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UrZ-ibfhMyMC&pg=PA17 | access-date=16 August 2013 | year=1996 | publisher=Indus Publishing | isbn=978-81-7387-046-0}} Almora was developed long before by the Chand kings.{{cite book|last1=Dowling|first1=Julie|title=Indian Hill Stations: Shimla, Mussoorie and Almora|date=16 March 2015 |publisher=Blurb, Incorporated|isbn=9781320872096|language=en}} The place where the present cantonment is located was formerly known as Lalmandi.{{cite book|title=Geographical Review of India|publisher=Geographical Society of India|page=250|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uME5AAAAIAAJ|access-date=4 September 2016|language=en|year=1980}}{{cite news|title=Yatra India - Almora|url=http://www.jagranyatra.com/2010/04/uttarakhand-kumayun-hill-station-eco-tourism/|access-date=1 September 2016|work=www.jagranyatra.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160917222324/http://www.jagranyatra.com/2010/04/uttarakhand-kumayun-hill-station-eco-tourism/|archive-date=17 September 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}} Presently where the collectorate exists, the 'Malla Mahal' (Upper Court) of the Chand kings was located.{{cite web|title=Almora district, Uttarakhand|url=http://www.exammaterial.com/almora-districtuttarakhand/|access-date=1 September 2016|date=25 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171210180259/http://www.exammaterial.com/almora-districtuttarakhand/|archive-date=10 December 2017|url-status=dead}} The site of the present District Hospital used to be 'Talla Mahal' (Lower Court) of the Chand rulers.{{cite book|last1=Kumar|first1=Kireet|last2=Rawat|first2=D. S.|title=Water Management in Himalayan Ecosystem: A Study of Natural Springs of Almora|publisher=Indus Publishing|isbn=9788173870477|language=en|year=1996}} Almora had a population of 8,596 in 1901,{{cite book|last1=Pradesh|first1=India Director of Census Operations, Uttar|title=District Census Handbook: Almora|date=1971|language=en}} falling to 8,359 in 1921.{{cite encyclopedia |year=1930 |title=Almora |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Britannica |edition=14|volume=1|page=673 |language=en}}

File:Kosi River valley near Almora, Uttarakhand, India.jpg

Almora is located at {{Coord|29.5971|N|79.6591|E|}}{{cite web|title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Almora, India|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/39/Almora.html|website=www.fallingrain.com|access-date=31 August 2016}} in Almora district in Uttarakhand. It is situated 365 km north-east the national capital New Delhi and 415 km south-east of the state capital Dehradun. It lies in the revenue Division Kumaon{{cite book|title=Kumaon Himalaya|publisher=Shree Almora Book Depot|isbn=9788190020992|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pWs-AgAACAAJ&q=almora|language=en}} and is located 63 km north of Nainital, the administrative headquarters of Kumaon.{{cite web|title=Kumaon Information|url=http://indiaguide.trailofview.com/trail/Traveling_in_Kumaon|access-date=1 September 2016}}{{Dead link|date=October 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} It has an average elevation of {{convert|1,604|m|abbr=on}} above mean sea level.

Almora is situated on a ridge at the southern edge of the Kumaon Hills of the Central Himalaya range in the shape of a horse saddle shaped hillock. The eastern portion of the ridge is known as Talifat{{Cite web|url=https://www.uttarakhandtourism.net/almora.htm|title=Talifat Almora|website=A1 Tour and travels|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430122431/http://www.uttarakhandtourism.net/almora.htm|archive-date=2011-04-30|url-status=dead}} and the western one is known as Selifat. The Almora Market is situated at the top of the ridge, where these two, Talifat and Selifat jointly terminate. It is surrounded by thick forests of pine, deodar and fir trees. Flowing alongside the city are the Koshi (Kaushiki) and Suyal (Salmale) rivers. The snow-capped Himalayas can be seen in the background.

File:Almora after rain sunlight.jpg

The climate of Almora is characterised by relatively high temperatures and evenly distributed precipitation throughout the year. The main seasons are summer from March to June, the monsoon season from July to October and winter from November to February. In summer, Almora is largely under the influence of moist, maritime airflow from the western side of the subtropical anticyclonic cells over low-latitude ocean waters. Temperatures are high and can lead to warm, oppressive nights. Summers are usually somewhat wetter than winters, with much of the rainfall coming from convectional thunderstorm activity; tropical cyclones also enhance warm-season rainfall in some regions. The coldest month is usually quite mild, although frosts are not uncommon, and winter precipitation is derived primarily from frontal cyclones along the polar front. The Köppen climate classification subtype for this climate is Cwa (Humid Subtropical Climate).{{cite web|title=Climate: Almora - Temperature, Climate graph, Climate table - Climate-Data.org|url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/24758/|website=en.climate-data.org|access-date=31 August 2016}}

The average temperature for the year in Almora is {{convert|23.5|°C|°F|disp=or}}.{{cite web|title=Almora, India Köppen Climate Classification|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=596054&cityname=Almora%2C+Uttarakhand%2C+India&units=|website=Weatherbase|access-date=31 August 2016}} This information is as per the Abaal Institute. The warmest month, on average, is June with an average temperature of {{convert|31.1|°C|°F|disp=or}}. The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of {{convert|13.3|°C|°F|disp=or}}. The average amount of precipitation for the year in Almora is {{convert|1132.5|mm|in|2|disp=or}}. The month with the most precipitation on average is August with {{convert|330.3|mm|in|2|disp=or}} of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is November with an average of {{convert|4.6|mm|in|2|disp=or}}. There are an average of 46.8 days of precipitation, with the most precipitation occurring in August with 11.9 days and the least precipitation occurring in November with 0.6 days.

{{Weather box

| metric first = yes

| single line = yes

| location = Almora

| Jan mean C = 8.9

| Feb mean C = 11.1

| Mar mean C = 15.6

| Apr mean C = 20.0

| May mean C = 22.8

| Jun mean C = 23.3

| Jul mean C = 22.2

| Aug mean C = 22.8

| Sep mean C = 22.2

| Oct mean C = 18.9

| Nov mean C = 15.0

| Dec mean C = 11.1

| year mean C =

| Jan high C = 13.9

| Feb high C = 16.1

| Mar high C = 20.6

| Apr high C = 25.6

| May high C = 28.3

| Jun high C = 27.8

| Jul high C = 25.6

| Aug high C = 25.6

| Sep high C = 25.0

| Oct high C = 23.3

| Nov high C = 20.0

| Dec high C = 16.1

| year high C =

| Jan low C = 5.6

| Feb low C = 7.2

| Mar low C = 10.6

| Apr low C = 15.0

| May low C = 17.8

| Jun low C = 18.9

| Jul low C = 20.0

| Aug low C = 20.0

| Sep low C = 18.9

| Oct low C = 15.0

| Nov low C = 10.6

| Dec low C = 7.2

| year low C =

| precipitation colour = green

| Jan precipitation mm = 20.2

| Feb precipitation mm = 27.7

| Mar precipitation mm = 17.8

| Apr precipitation mm = 17.5

| May precipitation mm = 30.5

| Jun precipitation mm = 115.0

| Jul precipitation mm = 258.5

| Aug precipitation mm = 236.8

| Sep precipitation mm = 128.8

| Oct precipitation mm = 23.8

| Nov precipitation mm = 3.3

| Dec precipitation mm = 8.8

| source = https://weatherspark.com/y/110033/Average-Weather-in-Almora-India-Year-Round

}}

File: Forests and Valley of Uttarakhand India (2).jpg

Due to the significant variation in elevation, the region's vegetation is remarkably diverse, with 4000 species of plants represented. The species can be broadly classified into tropical, Himalayan sub-tropical, and (sub-)alpine. The alpine and sub-alpine zones are considered to host the largest number of medicinal plants.{{cn|date=January 2025}}

The sub-alpine zones of Almora and its outskirts are a natural sanctuary for leopard, Langur, Himalayan black bear, kakar, and goral, while the high-altitude zones are home to musk deer ("Kastura Mrig"), snow leopard, blue sheep, thar, and others. The entire area hosts a wide variety of bird species, including the peacock, grey quail, black francolin/kala titar, whistling thrush, chakor, monal, cheer pheasant, kokla, and Kalij pheasant.

{{Historical population

| 1871 | 6260

| 1881 | 7390

| 1891 | 7826

| 1901 | 8596

| 1911 | 10560

| 1921 | 8359

| 1931 | 9688

| 1941 | 10995

| 1951 | 12757

| 1961 | 16602

| 1971 | 20881

| 1981 | 22705

| 1991 | 28051

| 2001 | 32358

| 2011 | 35513

| source = {{cite book|title=District Census Handbook, 1951-61|publisher=Census of India}}{{cite book|last1=Pradesh|first1=India Director of Census Operations, Uttar|last2=Sinha|first2=Dharmendra Mohan|title=District Census Handbook: Series 21, Uttar Pradesh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mx5AAAAAMAAJ&q=almora|language=en|year=1971}}{{cite book|title=GISTNIC, Almora|date=1991}}{{cite book|title=Almora: A Gazetteer (1911)|publisher=SSDN Publishers & Distributors|isbn=9789381176962|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cdicoAEACAAJ&q=almora|language=en|year=2014}}

}}

{{Pie chart

|thumb = left

|caption = Religions in Almora (2011)

|label1 = Hinduism

|value1 = 90.84

|color1 = DarkOrange

|label2 = Islam

|value2 = 7.54

|color2 = Green

|label3 = Sikhism

|value3 = 0.23

|color3 = Yellow

|label7 = Other or not religious

|value7 = 1.39

|color7 = Black

}}

{{As of|2011|alt=As of the 2011 India census}}, Almora has a population of 35,513 of which 18,306 are males, while 17,207 are females.{{rp|20}} Out of the total population, The Almora Municipal Board has a population of 34,122,{{cite web|title=Almora City Population Census 2011 - Uttarakhand|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/800327-almora.html|website=www.census2011.co.in|access-date=1 September 2016}} while The Almora Cantonment Board has a population of 1,391.{{cite web|title=Almora City Population Census 2011 - Uttarakhand|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/800326-almora-uttarakhand.html|website=www.census2011.co.in|access-date=2 September 2016}} The population of children in the age range of 0–6 years is 3,081, which is 8.67% of the total population of Almora.{{rp|20}} The literacy rate of Almora city is 86.19%,{{rp|21}} higher than the state average of 78.82%. Male literacy is around 88.06%, while the female literacy rate is 84.21%.{{rp|21}} Almora had a population of 32,358 according to the 2001 Census of India.{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}

The earliest known reference to the population of Almora occurs in the book 'The Kingdom of Nepal' by Francis Hamilton. During his visit to Fatehgarh, Hamilton was told by Pt. Hariballav Pande that there were around a thousand houses in Almora during the Gorkha rule.{{rp|297}} Mr. G.W. Traill, the second commissioner of the Kumaon division, has written that there were 742 houses in Almora in 1821, in which 1,369 men, 1,178 women, and 968 children lived, and thus the total population of the town was 3,505.{{cite book|last1=Pande|first1=Badri Datt|title=History of Kumaun : English version of "Kumaun Ka Itihas"|date=1993|publisher=Shyam Prakashan|location=Almora|isbn=81-85865-01-9}}{{rp|115}}

Hinduism is practised by 90.84% of the total population and is the majority religion of Almora. Islam is practiced by 7.54% of people and is the largest minority religion. Other religions like Sikhism, Christianity and Buddhism are also practiced by a small number of people. Hindi and Sanskrit are the official languages of the state while Kumaoni is the mother tongue of the majority.

The Municipal board (Nagar Palika Parishad) of Almora was established in 1864. The Almora Nagar Palika Parishad has a population of 34,122 of which 17,358 are males while 16,764 are females as per the report released by Census India 2011. The population of children within the age range of 0–6 is 2950 which is 8.65% of the total population of Almora (NPP). In Almora Nagar Palika Parishad, the female sex ratio is of 966 against the state average of 963. Moreover, the child sex ratio in Almora is around 857 compared to Uttarakhand's state average of 890. Literacy rate of Almora city is 94.51% higher than state average of 78.82%. In Almora, Male literacy is around 96.84% while female literacy rate is 92.13%. Schedule Caste (SC) constitutes 16.38% while Schedule Tribe (ST) were 1.00% of total population in Almora (NPP). Out of total population, 10,057 were engaged in work or business activity. Of this 7,901 were males while 2,156 were females. Of the total 10,057 working population, 93.25% were engaged in main work while 6.75% of total workers were engaged in marginal work. Almora Nagar Palika Parishad has total administration over 8,014 houses to which it supplies basic amenities like water and sewerage. Almora as of 2025 is divided into 30 wards for which elections are held every 5 years.

{{blockquote|These mountains are associated with the best memories of our race: Here, therefore, must be one of centers, not merely of activity, but more of calmness of meditation, and of peace and I hope someone to realize it.|sign=Swami Vivekananda (replying to the address given to him by the people of Almora.)}}{{cite book|last1=(Swami)|first1=Vivekananda|title=Lectures from Columbo to Almora|publisher=Prabuddha Bharata Press|language=en}}{{cite book|last1=Vivekananda|first1=Swami|title=Awakened India|publisher=Prabuddha Bharata Press|language=en}}

File:Kasar Devi Temple.JPG

Almora has many notable temples, including Kasar Devi, Nanda Devi, Doli Daana, Shyayi Devi, Khakmara, Asht Bhairav, Jakhandevi, Katarmal (Sun Temple), Pataal Devi, Raghunath Mandir, Badreshwar, Banari Devi, Chitai, Jageshwar,{{Cite book|title=Uttarakhand: Ek Samagra Adhyaan|publisher=Pariksha Vani Publication|year=2017}} Binsar Mahadev, Garhnath and Baijnath.

Kasar [https://www.google.co.in/maps/place/Kasar+Devi+Temple/@29.6412796,79.6581583,1356m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0xd09ff48a9b5b55af!8m2!3d29.6416712!4d79.6616988 Devi] temple constructed in 2nd century CE, was visited by Swami Vivekananda and this area has a Chabad House.{{cite book|title=Saṁvit: Knowledge that Leads to Enlightenment|publisher=Sri Sarada Math|language=en}}{{cite book|last1=Miśra|first1=Nityānanda|title=Source materials of Kumauni history|publisher=Shree Almora Book Depot|isbn=9788185865249|language=en|year=1994}}{{rp|96}}[http://indiaguide.trailofview.com/trail/Kasar_Devi Kasar Devi]{{Dead link|date=October 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

Rudreshwar Mahadev Temple, near Sanara Ganiya, is dedicated to Lord Shiva. It is beside the river Ram Ganga. A sun temple (only the second in the world) is at Katarmal, a short distance from the town. The temple of Manila Devi, Devi Maa, the family goddess of the Katyuri clan, lies around 85 km from Ranikhet. Udaipur a temple of Golu devta is 5 km from Binta near Dwarahat.

Dunagiri has the highly revered temple of Shakti or Mother Goddess. Dunagiri is known as the birthplace of modern-day Kriya Yoga. There is a notable temple in Almora district which is in the village of Chaura near Bhaisor Gaun, Someshwar. This temple is dedicated to Lord Golu who is considered as a lord of justice in Uttarakhand. This temple is about 40 km from Almora town. Another temple of Almora district is Airdau which is in Someshwar. Someshwar is a tehsil in the Almora district, which is very rich in agricultural ways.

Pandu Kholi is another ancient temple in the Almora district. According to Hindu mythology, Pandavas spent some time here to escape from Duryodhana. The distance of this temple from Almora is about 80  km. Another very ancient and holy Shiva temple in Someshwar town is known as Khakeshwar Mahadev temple. It is in Bhaisor Gaun village, on the bank of a river.

The Budden Memorial Church is a Methodist church located in the town, built in 1897 with the support of the London Missionary Society.{{Cite news |date=2015-12-24 |title=Almora church holds mass in evening |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/almora-church-holds-mass-in-evening/articleshow/50314953.cms |access-date=2025-02-17 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}{{Cite web |last=Luscombe |first=Stephen |title=Almora |url=https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/almora.htm |access-date=2025-02-17 |website=www.britishempire.co.uk}}

File:Kathgodam station.jpg is the nearest railway station to Almora]]

Well connected by motorable roads with major destinations of Uttarakhand state and northern India. Uttarakhand Transport Corporation runs Buses from Almora bus station to major north Indian cities such as Delhi, Dehradun, Lucknow, Chandigarh etc. Taxis and Private Buses, mostly run by K.M.O.U, connect Almora to other major destinations of the Kumaon region. Government of Uttarakhand is constructing an ISBT near Lower Mall Road,{{cite news |last1=Kumar |first1=Darshan |date=23 October 2015 |title=Uttarkhand's second ISBT to be built in Almora |work=the times of india |agency=TNN |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/Uttarkhands-second-ISBT-to-be-built-in-Almora/articleshow/49509272.cms |access-date=31 August 2016}} which will be helpful for establishing a large tourist network in the city and to destinations in the surrounding Kumaon region. It will be the second ISBT of Uttarakhand after Dehradun.{{cite news |date=25 October 2015 |title=Almora to get Uttarakhand's second ISBT - Uttarakhand News Network |url=http://uttarakhandnewsnetwork.com/2015/10/almora-to-get-uttarakhands-second-isbt/ |access-date=31 August 2016}} A Sub Regional Transport Office is located in Almora{{cite web |last1=Dehradun |first1=NIC, Uttarakhand State Unit |title=State Transport Department, Government Of Uttarakhand, India |url=http://transport.uk.gov.in/pages/view/22/43-registration-authorities-of-uttarakhand-state- |access-date=5 August 2016 |website=transport.uk.gov.in}} where Vehicles are registered by the number UK-01.{{cite web |last1=Dehradun |first1=NIC, Uttarakhand State Unit |title=District Registration Numbers: State Transport Department, Government Of Uttarakhand, India |url=http://transport.uk.gov.in/pages/display/68-district-registration-numbers |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160809213858/http://transport.uk.gov.in/pages/display/68-district-registration-numbers |archive-date=9 August 2016 |access-date=5 August 2016 |website=transport.uk.gov.in}}

Kathgodam railway station is the nearest railway station. Kathgodam is the last terminus of the broad gauge line of North East Railways that connects Kumaon with Delhi, Dehradun and Howrah.

Pantnagar Airport, located in Pantnagar is the primary Airport serving the entire Kumaon Region. Bareilly Airport is another domestic airport which also serves the Kumaon region. Indira Gandhi International Airport, located in Delhi is the nearest International Airport.

{{Unreferenced|section|date=January 2023}}

Almora has three universities, Kumaun University, Soban Singh Jeena University and Uttarakhand Residential University.

Almora has a total of 23 Primary Schools, 7 Middle Schools, 2 Secondary Schools, and 9 Senior Secondary Schools.

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• KOORMANCHAL ACADEMY
• Holy Angel Public School
• Army Public School
• The Pleasant Valley School, Highland Korichina
• NBU International School
• Kendriya Vidyalaya Almora
• K D Memorial Public School
• Vivekanand Girls Inter College
• Vivekanand Inter College
• Adam's Girls Inter College
• New Modern Public School
• New Inspiration School
• Maharishi Vidya Mandir
• Beersheba Sr. Secondary Public School
• Sharda Public School
• Almora Inter College

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• Ramsay's Inter College
• Raja Anand Singh Govt. Girls Inter College
• Govt. Inter College ( G.I.C Almora)
• Aarya Kanya Inter College
• St. Paul public school
• Grace Public School
• Green Field Public School
• Spring Dales public school
• Saraswati Shishu Mandir Narsingh Badi, Shivaji Nagar, Jeewan Dham
• Lawrence Primary School
• Mangal Deep Vidya Mandir
• Govt. Inter College Raingal
• Blooming birds public school

{{col-break}}

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• Soban Singh Jeena University Mall road
• Kumaun University Soban Singh Jeena Campus
• Soban Singh Jeena Government Institute of Medical Sciences & Research (Under Development)
• G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, Ranikhet road
• ICAR Vivekanand Institute of Hill Agriculture and Research, Mall road
• Government Institute of Hotel Management & Catering Technology Nainital road
• Govt. Girls Polytechnic College Patal Devi
• NRDMS Kumaun University
• CEMS Almora
• Pandit Udit Uday Shankar Natya Academy
• Uttarakhand Residential University Almora

{{col-end}}

• Kumaon engineering college

All India Radio has a local station in Almora which transmits programs of mass interest.{{cite book|title=Gale Directory of Publications and Broadcast Media|publisher=Gale Research|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ub8PAQAAMAAJ&q=all+india+radio+in+almora|access-date=2 September 2016|language=en|year=2006|isbn=9780787682200}} Almora station of A.I.R. was founded in June 1986 and is a primary channel station running on medium wave catering the whole of Kumaon division.{{cite news|last1=Upadhyay|first1=Vineet|title=New Year gift: AIR to broadcast Vividh Bharati in Bageshwar|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/New-Year-gift-AIR-to-broadcast-Vividh-Bharati-in-Bageshwar/articleshow/50371802.cms|access-date=15 October 2016|work=The Times of India|agency=TNN|date=29 December 2015|location=Dehradun}} The main service providers are Dish TV and Doordarshan. BSNL, Vodafone and Airtel have the three largest cellular networks in the city. There are Internet cafés in and around the city, but broadband connectivity is limited. Satellite dishes exist in most homes in the region and the channels available throughout India are also available here.

Multiple local Hindi and English newspapers are published, whereas regional and national Hindi and English newspapers, printed elsewhere in India, are also circulated in Almora. a number of historical newspapers and magazines have been published from Almora like Prabuddha Bharata, Almora Akhbar, Shakti and Swadhin Praja etc.{{cite book|last1=Mittal|first1=Arun K.|title=British Administration in Kumaon Himalayas: A Historical Study, 1815-1947|publisher=Mittal Publications|language=en}}

The history of printing and journalism in Almora is deeply intertwined with the efforts of several pioneers who sought to establish a voice for the people of the region. The journey began in 1871 when Buddhiballav Pant founded a debating club,{{cite book|last1=Rawat|first1=Ajay S.|title=Garhwal Himalayas: A Study in Historical Perspective|date=2002|publisher=Indus Publishing|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788173871368|language=en}}{{rp|134}} an initiative that earned the approval of William Muir, the provincial governor at the time.{{rp|120}} Muir, impressed by the club's activities, recommended the establishment of a press and the publication of a newspaper, which Pant took to heart. He went on to launch a press and began publishing Almora Akhbar, the region’s first Hindi weekly.{{rp|21}} The Almora Akhbar thrived under the editorship of Badri Datt Pandey, who took over in 1913, growing its circulation from approximately 50-60 to 1,500 subscribers. However, the publication came to a halt in 1917. In the following year, a partner acquired the Debating Club Press, renaming it Vindhyavasini Press. This press later began publishing Zila Samachar in 1922, which would eventually become Kumaun Kumud, a publication that continued until the late 1930s.{{rp|120}}

File:Prabuddha Bharatha March 1897 Front Cover.jpg]]

The region saw further development in the publishing industry in 1893-94 with the establishment of Kumaun Printing Press by Babu Devidas. This press launched the weekly Kurmanchal Samachar, which was followed by Kurmanchal Mitra, though the latter ceased after a while.{{rp|120}} Another notable publication, Prabuddha Bharata, was founded in 1898 by Swami Swarupananda,The Life of the Swami Vivekananda, by His Eastern and Western Disciples, the Advaita Ashrama, Himalayas, by Advaita Ashrama, Published by the Swami Virajananda from the Prabuddha Bharata Office, Advaita Ashrama, 1947. but publication soon shifted to the Advaita Ashrama at Mayawati.

In 1918, Badri Datt Pandey, alongside some associates, founded the Deshbhakta press and launched Shakti, a magazine that sparked disagreements among its partners due to its editorial stance.{{rp|21}}{{rp|134}}{{rp|45}} Some of these partners went on to establish Sombari Press in 1919, which briefly published Jyoti before shutting down.{{rp|120}} Meanwhile, Shakti continued its publication until 1942 when government restrictions forced its closure, only to be revived in 1946 through the efforts of Gobind Ballabh Pant.{{cite book|last1=Shah|first1=Shambhu Prasad|title=Govind Ballabh Pant: Ek Jeevani|date=1972|location=Delhi}}{{rp|134}}

The 1930s marked another milestone with the introduction of Swadhin Praja, directed by Victor Mohan Joshi.{{rp|134}}{{cite web|title=उत्तराखंड में समाचार पत्र तथा पत्रकारिता का इतिहास ( History Of Journalism in Uttarakhand )|url=http://www.ukssscjob.in/2017/07/history-of-journalism-in-uttarakhand.html?m=0|website=www.ukssscjob.in|access-date=5 August 2017|language=hi|archive-date=5 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805145925/http://www.ukssscjob.in/2017/07/history-of-journalism-in-uttarakhand.html?m=0|url-status=dead}} In 1934, the weekly Samta was launched under the guidance of Hari Prasad Tamta, receiving government funding to support its publication. Initially printed at Indra Printing Press, the publication later shifted to Krishna Press in Haldwani. Since 1935, Natkhat, an illustrated monthly magazine, has been published by Indra Printing Press, continuing the legacy of Almora's rich journalistic tradition.{{rp|120}}

File:Vivekananda Image August 1894.jpg visited Almora thrice during his Himalayan sojourns]]

File:Pandit Govind Ballabh Pant.jpg was born in Almora]]

File:Mahendra Singh Dhoni January 2016.jpg has ancestral roots in Almora]]

• Rabindranath Tagore spent time in Almora and purchased a house in nearby Ramgarh where he stayed during the First World War.{{cite book|last1=Radhakrishnan|first1=Dr S.|title=Rabindranath Tagore: A Centenary|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=9788172013325|language=en|page=255|date=January 1992}}
• Swami Vivekananda visited Almora thrice during his Himalayan sojourns. He expressed great eagerness in making an Ashrama in the bosom of Himalayas for the practice of pure Advaita Vedanta.{{cite book|last1=Chattopadhyaya|first1=Rajagopal|title=Swami Vivekananda in India: A Corrective Biography|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|isbn=9788120815865|language=en|page=237|year=1999}}
• Jawaharlal Nehru was in the Almora jail for a short time during the freedom struggle.{{cite book|last1=Moraes|first1=Frank|title=Jawaharlal Nehru|publisher=Jaico Publishing House|isbn=9788179926956|language=en|page=260|date=January 2007}}{{cite book|last1=Nehru|first1=Jawaharlal|title=Selected Works of Jawaharlal Nehru|publisher=Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Fund|isbn=9780195677270|language=en|page=261}}
• Govind Ballabh Pant (10 September 1887 – 7 March 1961), noted freedom fighter, first chief minister of Uttar Pradesh and later Home Minister of India, was born in Almora.{{cite book|last1=Pant|first1=Govind Ballabh|title=Selected Works of Govind Ballabh Pant|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780195656374|language=en|page=239|year=2002}}{{cite book|last1=Rau|first1=M. Chalapathi|title=Govind Ballabh Pant, his life and times|publisher=Allied|language=en|page=3}}
• Uday Shankar's dance school was established at Almora in the late 1930s.{{cite book|last1=Purkayastha|first1=P.|title=Indian Modern Dance, Feminism and Transnationalism|publisher=Springer|isbn=9781137375179|language=en|date=29 October 2014}} Ravi Shankar, BabaAlauddin Khan, Ali Akbar Khan, Annapurna Devi,{{cite book|last1=Bondyopadhyay|first1=Swapan Kumar|title=Annapurna Devi: An Unheard Melody|publisher=Roli Books Private Limited|isbn=9788174368553|language=en|date=April 2005}} Amala Shankar et al. were some of the celebrities among people who became famous later and learnt to dance and act here like Guru Dutt, Zohra Sehgal.
• Sumitranandan Pant, (20 May 1900 – 28 December 1977) a modern Hindi poet, was born at Kausani village of Bageshwar, in the hills of Kumaon.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}
• Bhairab Dutt Pande, former cabinet secretary of India and governor of West Bengal, Punjab was a resident of Almora.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}
• Sir Ronald Ross, winner in 1902 of Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for his path-breaking discovery in malaria parasite, was born here in 1857.{{cite book|last1=Senn|first1=Stephen|title=Dicing with Death: Chance, Risk and Health|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521540230|language=en|page=[https://archive.org/details/dicingwithdeathc00senn_0/page/178 178]|date=20 November 2003|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/dicingwithdeathc00senn_0/page/178}}
• Manohar Shyam Joshi the eminent Hindi writer and Indian TV's soap opera pioneer was from an Almora family of Galli village.{{cite book|last1=Dutt|first1=Kartik Chandra|title=Who's who of Indian Writers, 1999: A-M|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=9788126008735|language=en|page=531|year=1999}}
• Swami Satyananda Saraswati of the Bihar School of Yoga and Rikhiapeeth was born in Almora on 25 December 1923 in Zamindari Family of Bhikiyasen and Gaja.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}
• Anagarika Govinda a leading authority on Tibetan Buddhism lived in Almora for a long time, along with his partner Li Gotami.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}
• Alfred Sorensen, John Blofeld, Beat Poets Allen Ginsberg, Peter Orlovsky and Gary Snyder - the original Dharma Bums, the LSD Gurus Timothy Leary and Ralph Metzner, the psychiatrist R. D. Laing, and Tibetologist Robert Thurman were among the many celebrities who lived or stayed in Almora.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}
• Walter Evans-Wentz, Anthropologist and pioneer of Tibetan Buddhism studies lived in Almora.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}
• American actress Uma Thurman spent a small part of her childhood at Crank's Ridge, near Almora, with her father Robert Thurman.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}
• Begum Ra'ana Liaquat Ali Khan (née Sheila Irene Pant) (1905 - 13 June 1990) was born in a Kumauni Hindu-turned-Christian family at Almora.{{cite book|last1=Mirza|first1=Sarfaraz Hussain|title=Muslim Women's Role in the Pakistan Movement|publisher=Research Society of Pakistan, University of the Punjab|language=en}}{{rp|132}} She was the wife of Pakistan's first prime minister Liaquat Ali Khan.{{cite book|last1=Reza|first1=S. Mohammad|title=Persons who Shape Our Destiny: A Compendium of Bio-data of Those Persons who are Rendering Important Services in Various Fields of National Activity|publisher=Dar Publications|language=en}}
• Comrade P.C. Joshi, the first chairman of the Communist Party of India (CPI), was born in Almora.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}
• Murli Manohar Joshi, the Union Human Resources Development minister of India (born 5 January 1934) in the NDA government.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}
• B.C. Joshi, General Bhuwan Chandra Joshi, PVSM, AVSM, ADC (1935 - 19 November 1994) was the Chief of Army Staff (CoAS) of the Indian Army, belongs to Almora district (Talladaniya).{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}
• Devendra Kumar Joshi former chief of Naval Staff, Admiral D. K. Joshi, PVSM, AVSM, ADC, YSM (born: 4 July 1954) in Almora{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}
• Shivani, Hindi writer was from Almora{{cite book|last1=Ramaswamy|first1=Vijaya|title=Re-searching Indian women|publisher=Manohar|isbn=9788173044960|language=en|page=140|date=January 2003}}
• Munshi Hari Pradasd Tamta was the first industrialist of the Kumaon region. He was a social activist. He is remembered for his work of uplifting the downtrodden and the society. He was also an MLA from the Gonda constituency and Chairman of Almora municipal corporation. His life-size statue is kept in the Lt Col Joshi at Chaudhan Pata Almora to give him respect and honour.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}
• Prasoon Joshi, writer poet-lyricist Adguru{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}
• Singer-musician Mohan Upreti,{{cite book|last1=Agarwal|first1=Deepa|title=Rajula and the Web of Danger|publisher=Hachette India|isbn=9789350094648|language=en|date=7 August 2012}} and many other artistic gems have roots in Almora.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}
• Roop Durgapal, Television actress, popularly known for her roles in TV shows like Balika Vadhu, Swaragini, Gangaa and several others was born and brought up in Almora.{{cite tweet|user=roop123|author=Roop Durgapal|number=450581597767479296|date=31 March 2014|title=@dhundh i was born in Devbhumi Almora,uttrakhand :)}}
• Ekta Bisht is an Indian women's cricket player. She is a left-handed batswoman and slow left-arm orthodox bowler. She is the first International woman cricketer from Uttarakhand.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}
• Baba Hari Dass (Hari Datt Karnatak, also known as Haridas Baba, born in Almora, 26 March 1923), a silent master yogi, founder of several teaching projects in US, Canada, and India, builder of temples and the author of scriptural commentaries.{{cite book|last1=Quinn|first1=Edward|title=Critical Companion to George Orwell|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=9781438108735|language=en|page=179|date=14 May 2014}}
• Nilamber Pant, former vice chairman of ISRO and a Padma Shri winner.{{cite web | url=http://www.sac.gov.in/SACSITE/asac-leaders-col.html | title=Shri N. Pant | publisher=Space Applications Centre, ISRO | date=2015 | access-date=18 July 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150721124753/http://www.sac.gov.in/SACSITE/asac-leaders-col.html | archive-date=21 July 2015 | url-status=dead | df=dmy-all }}
• Lalit Pande, a social worker, environmentalist and the founder of Uttarakhand Seva Nidhi Environmental Education Centre. The Government of India awarded him with Padma Shri, in 2007.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}
• Sunil Kr. Tiwari, Actor from the town, worked in films: Fire in the Mountain, Samosa And Sons.
• Lakshya Sen, India's highest ranked men's singles badminton player [as of 6-Apr-22], who has won several medals including at World Championship, All England Open, and Youth Olympics.

• {{cite book|last=Rivett-Carnac|first=J. H.|title=Archaeological notes on ancient sculpturings on rocks in Kumaon, India|url=https://archive.org/stream/archaeologicalno00rive#page/n7/mode/2up|year=1879|publisher=Calcutta : G.H. Rouse}}
• {{cite book|last=Upreti|first=Ganga Dutt|title=Proverbs & folklore of Kumaun and Garhwal|url=https://archive.org/stream/cu31924089930774#page/n7/mode/2up|year=1894|publisher=Lodiana Mission Press}}
• {{cite book|last=Oakley|first= E Sherman|title=Holy Himalaya; the religion, traditions, and scenery of Himalayan province (Kumaon and Garwhal)|url=https://archive.org/stream/holyhimalayareli00oaklrich#page/n7/mode/2up|year=1905|publisher=Oliphant Anderson & Ferrier, London}}
• {{cite book|last=of Kumaon|first=Raja Rudradeva|author2=(Ed. with English tr. Haraprasada Shastri)|title=Syanika sastra: or A Book on Hawking|url=https://archive.org/stream/syanikasatraorbo00rudruoft#page/n3/mode/2up|year=1910|publisher=Asiatic Society, Calcutta}}

{{reflist}}

• {{cite book|title=The Imperial Gazetteer of India, Vol. 5|chapter-url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V05_260.gif |year=1909|publisher=Oxford at Clarendon Press|page=252|chapter=Almora town}}
• {{cite book |last1=Barron |first1=Peters |title=Notes of wanderings in the Himmala ... |date=1844 |oclc=316507322 |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/316507322 |language=English}}

{{Wikivoyage|Almora}}

{{Commons category|Almora}}

• [http://almora.nic.in Official Website of Almora district]

{{Almora district}}

{{Kumaon}}

{{Municipalities of Uttarakhand}}

{{Uttarakhand}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Tourism in Uttarakhand

Category:Cantonments of India

Category:Cantonments of British India

Category:Cities and towns in Almora district

Category:1568 establishments in India

Category:Populated places established in 1568