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List of Neanderthal fossils

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This is a list of Neanderthal fossils.

Some important European Neanderthals

Remains of more than 300 European Neanderthals have been found. This is a list of the most notable.

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!

! Name

! Age

! Cranial capacity (cm3)

! Year
discovered

! Country

! Discovered by

! Now located at

| Ehringsdorf skull

| 150k–120k

| 1450{{cite journal |last1= Beals|first1=K.L. |last2= Dodd|first2= S.M. |date= 1984|title= Brain size, cranial morphology, climate, and time machines|journal= Current Anthropology|volume= 25|pages=301–330 |doi= 10.1086/203138|s2cid=86147507 }}

| 1908–1925

| Germany

|

|Archäologischen Landesmuseums Thüringen

100px

| Engis 2

| Undated

| ? (child)

| 1829

| Belgium

| Philippe-Charles Schmerling

| University of Liège

100px

| Gibraltar 1

| 40k

| 1200

| 1848

| Gibraltar

| Edmund Flint

| Natural History Museum, London

100px

| Gibraltar 2

| Undated

| ? (child)

| 1926

| Gibraltar

| Dorothy Garrod

| Natural History Museum, London

| Krijn

| 100-40 ka

| (Not a full skull)

| 2001

| Netherlands

| Luc Anthonis

| Rijksmuseum van Oudheden, Leiden

100px

| La Chapelle-aux-Saints 1

| 60k

| 1600

| 1908

| France

| L. Bardon, A. Bouyssonie and J. Bouyssonie

|

100px

| La Ferrassie 1

| 70k–50k

| 1641

| 1909

| France

| Louis Capitan and Denis Peyrony

| Musée de l'Homme

100px

| Neanderthal 1

| 40k

| 1452

| 1856

| Germany

| Kleine Feldhofer Grotte

| Rheinisches Landesmuseum Bonn

100px

| Saccopastore 1

| 250k

| 1200{{cite journal |last= Sergi|first=S. |date=1948 |title=The palaeanthropi in Italy: the fossil men of Saccopastore and Circeo|journal=Man |volume=48 |pages=61–79|doi= 10.2307/2793251|jstor=2793251 }}

| 1929

| Italy

|

|

| Saccopastore 2

| 250k

| 1300{{cite encyclopedia |last= Holloway|first= R.L.|editor-last=Delson |editor-first= Eric|encyclopedia=Ancestors: the Hard Evidence |title=The poor brain of Homo sapiens neanderthalensis: see what you please |pages=319–324 }}

| 1935

| Italy

| Alberto Blanc and Henri Breuil

|

| Altamura Man

| 170k

|

| 1993

| Italy

|

|

Southwest Asian Neanderthals

As of 2017, this list of Southwest Asian Neanderthals may be considered essentially complete.

{{Southwest Asian Neanderthals|header=1}}

Central and North Asian Neanderthals

Central Asian Neanderthals were found in Uzbekistan and North Asian Neanderthals in Asian Russia.

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|+

style="width: 70pt;" |Country

! style="width: 70pt;" |Site

! style="width: 180pt;" |Principal Neanderthal finds

! style="width: 20pt;" |MNI

! style="width: 70pt;" |Geological age (ka)

! style="width: 120pt;" |Initial descriptions

! style="width: 140pt;" |Notes

Uzbekistan

| Teshik-Tash

| 8-11-yr-old skeleton

| 1

| —

| Okladnikov (1949)

|

Uzbekistan

| Obi-Rakhmat

| Subadult skull frag. and teeth

| 1

| 74{{cite journal |last=Bailey |first=S. E. |year=2008 |title=The affinity of the dental remains from Obi-Rakhmat Grotto, Uzbekistan |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=55 |issue=2 |pages=238–248 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.03.004 |pmid=18486185|bibcode=2008JHumE..55..238B }}

| Glantz et al. (2008){{cite journal |last1=Glantz |first1=Michelle |last2=Viola |first2=Bence |last3=Wrinn |first3=Patrick |last4=Chikisheva |first4=Tatiana |last5=Derevianko |first5=Anatoly |last6=Krivoshapkin |first6=Andrei |last7=Islamov |first7=Uktur |last8=Suleimanov |first8=Rustam |last9=Ritzman |first9=Terrence |title=New hominin remains from Uzbekistan |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |date=August 2008 |volume=55 |issue=2 |pages=223–237 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.12.007 |pmid=18499228|bibcode=2008JHumE..55..223G }}

|

Asian Russia

| Chagyrskaya

| Partial mandible

|1

| —

| (Announced in Viola 2012)

|

Asian Russia

| Okladnikov

|Sub-adult humerus and femur

| 1

|

| (Announced in Krause et al. 2007){{cite journal |last1=Krause |first1=Johannes |last2=Orlando |first2=Ludovic |last3=Serre |first3=David |last4=Viola |first4=Bence |last5=Prüfer |first5=Kay |last6=Richards |first6=Michael P. |last7=Hublin |first7=Jean-Jacques |last8=Hänni |first8=Catherine |last9=Derevianko |first9=Anatoly P. |last10=Pääbo |first10=Svante |title=Neanderthals in central Asia and Siberia |journal=Nature |date=30 September 2007 |volume=449 |issue=7164 |pages=902–904 |doi=10.1038/nature06193 |pmid=17914357 |bibcode=2007Natur.449..902K|s2cid=2084412 }}

| mtDNA sampled

Asian Russia

| Denisova

| Altai 1: Toe phalanx♀ D11: Bone fragment

| 2

| —

| Mednikova (2011)

Brown, et al. (2016){{cite journal |last1=Brown |first1=Samantha |last2=Higham |first2=Thomas |last3=Slon |first3=Viviane |last4=Pääbo |first4=Svante |title=Identification of a new hominin bone from Denisova Cave, Siberia using collagen fingerprinting and mitochondrial DNA analysis |journal=Scientific Reports |date=March 29, 2016 |volume=6 |doi=10.1038/srep23559 |pages=23559 |pmid=27020421 |pmc=4810434 |bibcode=2016NatSR...623559B}}

|Altai 1: Full genome sequenced{{cite journal |last1=Prüfer |first1=Kay |title=The complete genome sequence of a Neanderthal from the Altai Mountains |journal=Nature |date=2013 |volume=505 |issue=1 |pages=43–49 |doi=10.1038/nature12886 |bibcode=2014Natur.505...43P |pmid=24352235 |pmc=4031459}}

D11: mtDNA sampled

Total

|

|

| 6

|

|

|

See also

Notes

{{reflist|group=Note}}

References

{{reflist}}

Further reading

  • {{cite book |last=Arsuaga |first=Juan Luis |date=2009 |title=The Neanderthal's Necklace: In Search of the First Thinkers |location=New York |publisher=Four Walls Eight Windows |isbn=978-0786740734 }}
  • {{cite book |last=Gooch |first=Stan |date=2008 |title=The Neanderthal Legacy: Reawakening Our Genetic and Cultural Origins |location=Rochester, Vermont |publisher=Inner Traditions |isbn=978-1594777424 }}
  • {{cite book |last1=Muller |first1=Stephanie Muller |last2=Shrenk |first2=Friedemann |date=2008 |title=The Neanderthals |location=New York |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1134095162 }}
  • {{cite book |editor1-last=Silberman |editor1-first=Neil Asher |date=2012 |title=The Oxford Companion to Archaeology |edition=2 |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0199735785 }}
  • {{cite book |last=Stringer |first=Chris |date=2012 |title=Lone Survivors: How We Came to Be the Only Humans on Earth |location=New York |publisher=Macmillan |isbn=978-1429973441 }}

External links

  • {{cite web |url=http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/species/homo-neanderthalensis |title=Homo neanderthalensis |date=3 January 2024 |publisher=Smithsonian Institution }}

{{Homo neanderthalensis|state=expanded}}

Category:Human evolution