List of human evolution fossils

! Image

! Name

! data-sort-type=number | Age (Ma)

! Species

! Year
discovered

! Country

! Discovered by

! Now located at

| El Graeco

| 7.20{{Cite journal |last1=Fuss |first1=Jochen |last2=Spassov |first2=Nikolai |last3=Begun |first3=David R. |last4=Böhme |first4=Madelaine |date=2017-05-22 |title=Potential hominin affinities of Graecopithecus from the Late Miocene of Europe |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=12 |issue=5 |pages=e0177127 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0177127 |doi-access=free |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=5439669 |pmid=28531170|bibcode=2017PLoSO..1277127F }}

| Graecopithecus

| 1944, 2017

| Greece, Bulgaria
Site:Pyrgos Vassilissis, Azmaka

| Böhme (Tübingen), Spassov (BAS)

| Met, Athens; Tübingen, Germany

| TM 266 (Toumai)

| 7.00–6.00{{Cite journal|last1=Brunet|first1=Michel|last2=Guy|first2=Franck|last3=Pilbeam|first3=David|last4=Mackaye|first4=Hassane Taisso|last5=Likius|first5=Andossa|last6=Ahounta|first6=Djimdoumalbaye|last7=Beauvilain|first7=Alain|last8=Blondel|first8=Cécile|last9=Bocherens|first9=Hervé|title=A new hominid from the Upper Miocene of Chad, Central Africa|journal=Nature|volume=418|issue=6894|pages=145–51|doi=10.1038/nature00879|pmid=12110880|year=2002|bibcode=2002Natur.418..145B|s2cid=1316969|url=http://doc.rero.ch/record/13388/files/PAL_E190.pdf }}

| Sahelanthropus tchadensis

| 2001

| Chad
Site:Djurab Desert

| Alain Beauvilain, Fanone Gongdibe, Mahamat Adoum and Ahounta Djimdoumalbaye

| N'Djamena (Chad), BEAC

| BAR 1000'00

| 6.1–5.7{{cite web | publisher = Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History | url = http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/fossils/bar-100200 | title = Bar 10200' | access-date = 2012-07-27| date = 2010-01-23}}

|Orrorin tugenensis

| 2000

| Kenya
Site:Lukeino

| Martin Pickford, Kiptalam Cheboi, Dominique Gommery, Pierre Mein, Brigitte Senut

| Trachilos footprints

| 6.05{{Cite journal |last1=Kirscher |first1=Uwe |last2=El Atfy |first2=Haytham |last3=Gärtner |first3=Andreas |last4=Dallanave |first4=Edoardo |last5=Munz |first5=Philipp |last6=Niedźwiedzki |first6=Grzegorz |last7=Athanassiou |first7=Athanassios |last8=Fassoulas |first8=Charalampos |last9=Linnemann |first9=Ulf |last10=Hofmann |first10=Mandy |last11=Bennett |first11=Matthew |last12=Ahlberg |first12=Per Erik |last13=Böhme |first13=Madelaine |date=2021-10-11 |title=Age constraints for the Trachilos footprints from Crete |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=19427 |doi=10.1038/s41598-021-98618-0 |issn=2045-2322 |pmc=8505496 |pmid=34635686|bibcode=2021NatSR..1119427K }}

| Made by hominin or hominin-like primate

| 2002

| Greece

| Gerard D. Gierliński

|

| ALA-VP 1/20{{cite web|url=http://www.efossils.org/species/ardipithecus-kadabba|title=Ardipithecus kadabba|publisher=efossils|access-date=26 March 2015}}

| 5.65±0.150

|Ardipithecus kadabba

| 1997

| Ethiopia
Site:Middle Awash

| Yohannes Haile-Selassie

|

! Image

! Name

! Age (Ma)

! Species

! Year
discovered

! Country

! Discovered by

! Now located at

| Ardi

| 4.40{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/8285180.stm | work=BBC News | first=Jonathan | last=Amos | title=Fossil finds extend human story | date=2009-10-01}}

| Ardipithecus ramidus

| 1994

| Ethiopia

| Yohannes Haile-Selassie

|

| Lothagam mandible (KNM-LT 329){{cite journal |vauthors=Kissel M, Hawks J |journal=PaleoAnthropology |url=http://www.paleoanthro.org/media/journal/content/PA20150037.pdf |title=What are the Lothagam and Tabarin Mandibles? |doi=10.4207/PA.2015.ART94 |date=2015 |page=37 |doi-broken-date=1 November 2024}}

| 4.60±0.40{{cite journal | journal = Journal of the Geological Society | year = 1999 | volume = 156 | issue = 4 | pages = 731–45 | title =Numerical age control for the Miocene-Pliocene succession at Lothagam, a hominoid-bearing sequence in the northern Kenya Rift | last1 = McDougall | first1 = I.A.N. |first2 = Feibel | last2 = Craig | doi = 10.1144/gsjgs.156.4.0731| bibcode = 1999JGSoc.156..731M | s2cid = 128952193 }}

| Australopithecus anamensis or undetermined Hominidae

| 1967

| Kenya

| Arnold Lewis,Bernard Wood, Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Human Evolution (2011), [https://books.google.com/books?id=440TmWXToLAC&pg=PT887 887]. Bryan Patterson{{Cite journal |year=1988 |first1=Andrew |last1=Hill |first2=Steven |last2=Ward |title=Origin of the Hominidae: the record of African large hominoid evolution between 14 My and 4 My |journal=Yearbook of Physical Anthropology |volume=31 |issue=59 |pages=49–83 |doi=10.1002/ajpa.1330310505|doi-access=free }}{{cite journal |vauthors=Patterson B, Behrensmeyer AK, Sill WD |title=Geology and fauna of a new Pliocene locality in north-western Kenya |journal=Nature |volume=226 |issue=5249 |pages=918–21 |date=June 1970 |pmid=16057594 |doi=10.1038/226918a0|bibcode=1970Natur.226..918P |s2cid=4185736 }}[http://www.sati.archaeology.nsc.ru/encyc_top/encyc16/term.html?act=list&term=117 Lothagam mandible fragment] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716140453/http://www.sati.archaeology.nsc.ru/encyc_top/encyc16/term.html?act=list&term=117 |date=2011-07-16 }}

|

| 4.70±0.55{{cite journal | journal = American Journal of Physical Anthropology | title = Pliocene hominid partial mandible from Tabarin, Baringo, Kenya | first1 = Steven | last1 = Ward | first2 = Andrew |last2 = Hill | doi = 10.1002/ajpa.1330720104 | volume = 72 | issue = 1 | pages = 21–37 | pmid=3103460| year = 1987 }}

| Australopithecus anamensis

| 1984

| Kenya

| Kiptalam Cheboi

|

| KNM-KP 271

| 4.00{{cite web |url=https://www.msu.edu/~heslipst/contents/ANP440/anamensis.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608160345/https://www.msu.edu/~heslipst/contents/ANP440/anamensis.htm |archive-date=June 8, 2011 |title=Australopithecus anamensis |first=Steven |last=Heslip |year=2001}}{{self-published inline|date=July 2014}}

| Australopithecus anamensis

| 1965

| Kanapoi, Kenya

| Bryan Patterson

|

| Laetoli Footprints

| 3.70

| Bipedal hominin

| 1976

| Tanzania

| Mary Leakey

|

| LH 4

| 3.40±0.50

| Australopithecus afarensis

| 1974

| Laetoli, Tanzania

| Mary Leakey{{cite web|url=http://www.ntz.info/gen/n00467.html |title=Oldupai |publisher=Ntz.info |access-date=2012-10-15}}

|

| 3.58

| Australopithecus afarensis

| 2005

| Ethiopia

| Yohannes Haile-Selassie

|

| 3.50

| Australopithecus bahrelghazali

| 1995

| Chad

| Mamelbaye Tomalta and Michel Brunet

| N'Djamena (Chad), BEAC

|KNM-WT 22944 G-J{{Citation |last1=Ward |first1=C.V. |title=South Turkwel: A new Pliocene hominid site in Kenya |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0047248498902627 |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=36 |pages=69–95 |year=1999 |doi=10.1006/jhev.1998.0262 |last2=Leakey |first2=M.G. |last3=Brown |first3=B. |last4=Brown |first4=F. |last5=Harris |first5=J. |last6=Walker |first6=A.|issue=1 |pmid=9924134 |bibcode=1999JHumE..36...69W |url-access=subscription }}

|3.50

|Australopithecus sp.

|1990

|Kenya

|Multinational team

|National Museums of Kenya

| KNM-WT 40000 (Flat Faced Man){{cite web|url=http://www.efossils.org/page/boneviewer/Kenyanthropus+platyops/KNM+WT+40000|title=Kenyanthropus platyops: KNM WT 40000 |first=The University of Texas at Austin, Department of|last=Anthropology|website=www.efossils.org}}

| 3.50-3.20

| Kenyanthropus platyops

| 1999

| Lake Turkana (West Lake Turkana), Kenya

| Justus Erus and Meave Leakey{{cite web|url=http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/fossils/knm-wt-40000|title=KNM-WT 40000|date=23 January 2010}}

|

| BRT-VP-3/14

| 3.40±0.10

| Australopithecus deyiremeda

| 2015

| Ethiopia

| Yohannes Haile-Selassie{{Cite web|title= New human ancestor species from Ethiopia lived alongside Lucy's species|url = https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/05/150527134040.htm|website = www.sciencedaily.com|date= 27 May 2015|access-date = 2015-05-28}}

|

| Stw 573 (Little foot)

| 3.67

| Australopithecus prometheus(?)

| 1994

| Sterkfontein, South Africa

| Ronald J. Clarke

|

| DIK-1 (Selam)

| 3.30

| Australopithecus afarensis

| 2000

| Ethiopia

| Zeresenay Alemseged

|

| AL 288-1 (Lucy)

| 3.20

| Australopithecus afarensis

| 1974

| Ethiopia

| Tom Gray, Donald Johanson, Yves Coppens and Maurice Taieb

| National Museum of Ethiopia

| AL 200-1

| 3.10±0.10

| Australopithecus afarensis

| 1975

| Afar Region, Ethiopia

| Donald Johanson Yves Coppens and Maurice Taieb

|

| AL 129-1

| 3.10±0.10

| Australopithecus afarensis

| 1973

| Afar Region, Ethiopia

| Donald Johanson

|

| AL 444-2{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20100829001440/http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/al444-2.html Article title]}} Image at Modern Human Origins

| 3.00

| Australopithecus afarensis

| 1992

| Afar Region, Ethiopia

| Yoel Rak

|

| LD 350-1http://www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/pub/87535.php {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604172433/https://www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/pub/87535.php|date=2020-06-04}} Image at Eurekalert

| 2.775±0.025

{{Cite journal |last1=Villmoare |first1=Brian |last2=Kimbel |first2=William H. |last3=Seyoum |first3=Chalachew |last4=Campisano |first4=Christopher J. |last5=DiMaggio |first5=Erin N. |last6=Rowan |first6=John |last7=Braun |first7=David R. |last8=Arrowsmith |first8=J. Ramón |last9=Reed |first9=Kaye E. |author-link9=Kaye Reed |date=2015-03-20 |title=Early Homo at 2.8 Ma from Ledi-Geraru, Afar, Ethiopia |journal=Science |volume=347 |issue=6228 |pages=1352–55 |bibcode=2015Sci...347.1352V |doi=10.1126/science.aaa1343 |issn=0036-8075 |pmid=25739410 |doi-access=free}}:

"The Gurumaha Tuff is radiometrically dated to {{val|2.842|0.007|u=Ma}}, a date that is consistent with

the normal magnetic polarity of the Gurumaha section, presumably the Gauss Chron. An upper bounding age for LD 350-1 is provided by an adjacent, downfaulted younger block that contains the {{val|2.665|0.016|u=Ma}}

Lee Adoyta Tuff. [...] the age of LD 350-1 can be further constrained by stratigraphic scaling. [...] Based on the current chronostratigraphic framework for Ledi-Geraru, we consider the age of LD 350-1 to be 2.80–2.75 Ma".

| Homo(?)

| 2013

| Ethiopia

| Chalachew Seyoum

|

| Taung Child 1

| 3.03–2.61

| Australopithecus africanus

| 1924

| Buxton-Norlim Limeworks, South Africa

| Raymond Dart

| University of the Witwatersrand

!

! Name

! Age (Ma)

! Species

! Date
discovered

! Country

! Discovered by

! Now located at

| KNM-WT 17000
(The Black Skull)

| 2.50

| Paranthropus aethiopicus

| 1985

| Kenya

| Alan Walker

|

| BOU-VP-12/130Bouri Vertebrate Paleontology {{cite web|url=http://efossils.org/page/boneviewer/Australopithecus%20garhi/BOU-VP-12%5C130|title=Australopithecus garhi: BOU-VP-12/130|publisher=efossils|access-date=13 June 2016}}

| 2.50

| Australopithecus garhi

| 1997

| Ethiopia

| Yohannes Haile-Selassie

|

| STS 71http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/fossils/sts-71 Image at Smithsonian

| 2.61–2.07

| Australopithecus africanus

| 1947

| Sterkfontein, South Africa

| Robert Broom and John T. Robinson

| Ditsong National Museum of Natural History

| STS 52

| 2.61–2.07

| Australopithecus africanus

| 1947

| Sterkfontein, South Africa

| Robert Broom

| Ditsong National Museum of Natural History

| UR 501 (Uraha jawbone)

| 2.40±0.10

| Homo rudolfensisAt the time of its discovery considered the oldest fossil evidence of genus Homo. {{cite journal | doi = 10.1016/S1251-8050(97)88294-8 | volume=325 | title=UR 501, the Plio-Pleistocene hominid from Malawi. Analysis of the microanatomy of the enamel | year=1997 | journal=Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, Série IIA | pages=231–234 | last1 = Ramirez Rozzi | first1 = Fernando V. | last2 = Bromage | first2 = Tim | last3 = Schrenk | first3 = Friedemann| issue=3 | bibcode=1997CRASE.325..231R }}. Since the discovery of LD 350-1 (2.8 Ma, intermediate between Australopithecus and Homo) arguably demoted to the rank of second-oldest fossil of Homo.

| 1991

| Malawi

| Tyson Msiska, Timothy Bromage, Friedemann Schrenk

|

| STS 5 (Mrs. Ples)
(STS 14){{cite web|url=http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/sts14.html |title=STS 14 |access-date=2006-07-11 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060118234116/http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/sts14.html |archive-date=2006-01-18 }} Image at Modern Human Origins.

{{cite web|url=https://australian.museum/learn/science/human-evolution/australopithecus-africanus/|title=Australopithecus africanus|publisher=Australian Museum|date=20 January 2011}}

| 2.07{{cite journal|last1=Herries|first1=Andy I.R.|last2=Shaw|first2=John|title=Palaeomagnetic analysis of the Sterkfontein palaeocave deposits: Implications for the age of the hominin fossils and stone tool industries|journal=Journal of Human Evolution|volume=60|issue=5|year=2011|pages=523–39|issn=0047-2484|doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.09.001|pmid=21392817|bibcode=2011JHumE..60..523H }}

| Australopithecus africanus

| 1947

| Sterkfontein, South Africa

| Robert Broom

| Ditsong National Museum of Natural History

| 2.04

| Homo erectus

| 2015

| Drimolen Main Quarry, South Africa

| Andy Herries' team (excavated by Richard Curtis, Andy Herries, Angeline Leece; reconstructed by Jesse Martin)

| University of the Witwatersrand

| 2.04–1.95

| Paranthropus robustus

| 2018

| Drimolen Main Quarry, South Africa

| Andy Herries and Stephanie Baker's team (first found by Samantha Good and excavated by Samantha Good, Angeline Leece, Stephanie Baker and Andy Herries; reconstructed by Jesse Martin)

| University of the Witwatersrand

| DNH 7
(Eurydice){{cite web|url=http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/dnh7.html|title=Modernhumanorigins.net|website=www.modernhumanorigins.net|access-date=2007-03-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100617124822/http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/dnh7.html|archive-date=2010-06-17|url-status=usurped}}

| 2.04–1.95

| Paranthropus robustus

| 1994

| Drimolen, Drimolen Main Quarry, South Africa

| R. Smith and André Keyser

| University of the Witwatersrand

| 2.03

| Homo habilis

| 2012

| Ileret, Kenya

|

|

| 2.02

| Homo erectus

| 2012-2013

| Ileret, Kenya

|

|

| TM 1517{{cite web |author=Department of Anthropology: The University of Texas at Austin |url=http://efossils.org/page/boneviewer/Paranthropus%20robustus/TM%201517 |title=Paranthropus robustus: TM 1517 |access-date=2014-06-09}}

| 2.0

| Paranthropus robustus

| 1938

| South Africa

| Gert Terblanche

| Ditsong National Museum of Natural History

| MH1 (Karabo){{cite web |title=Spectacular South African Skeletons Reveal New Species from Murky Period of Human Evolution |website=Scientific American |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111000840/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=south-african-hominin-fossil |archive-date=2013-11-11 |url-status=live |url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=south-african-hominin-fossil}}{{Cite web|author=Juliet King |title=Australopithecus sediba fossil named by 17-year-old Johannesburg student |publisher=Origins Centre |date=June 4, 2010 |url=http://www.origins.org.za/news/entry/australopithecus_sediba_named_by_17-year-old_johannesburg_student/ |access-date=2011-07-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325202100/http://www.origins.org.za/news/entry/australopithecus_sediba_named_by_17-year-old_johannesburg_student/ |archive-date=March 25, 2012 }}

| 1.98{{cite news|first=Jonathan|last=Amos|title=African fossils put new spin on human origins story |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-14824435 |work=BBC News |access-date=9 September 2011 |date=2011-09-08}}

| Australopithecus sediba

| 2008

| Malapa, South Africa

| Matthew Berger and Lee Rogers Berger

| University of the Witwatersrand

| KNM-ER 1813

| 1.90

| Homo habilis

| 1973

| Kenya

| Kamoya Kimeu

|

| KNM-ER 1470

| 1.90

| Homo rudolfensis

| 1972

| Kenya

| Bernard NgeneoMai, L.L., Owl, M.Y., & Kersting, M.P. (2005), p. 286

|

| SK 48

| 2.25–1.80

| Paranthropus robustus

| 1948

| Swartkrans, South Africa

| Robert Broom

| Ditsong National Museum of Natural History

| SK 46{{cite web|url=http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/fossils/sk-46|title=SK 46|date=24 January 2010}}

| 2.25–1.80

| Paranthropus robustus

| 1949

| Swartkrans, South Africa

| Robert Broom

| Ditsong National Museum of Natural History

| SK 847{{cite web|url=http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/sk847.html|title=Modernhumanorigins.net|website=www.modernhumanorigins.net|access-date=2007-03-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927013715/http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/sk847.html|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=usurped}}

| 2.25–1.80

| Homo habilis

| 1949

| Swartkrans, South Africa

|

| Ditsong National Museum of Natural History

| OH 24
(Twiggy)http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/3d-collection/oh-24 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304191545/http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/3d-collection/oh-24 |date=2016-03-04 }} Image at Smithsonian

| 1.80

| Homo habilis

| 1968

| Tanzania

| Peter Nzube

|

| OH 8{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20101208034128/http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/oh8.html Article title]}} OH 8 image of foot at Modern Human Origins

| 1.80

| Homo habilis

| 1960

| Olduvai, Tanzania

|

|

| D2700 (Dmanisi Skull 3)

| 1.81±0.40{{cite journal | last1 = Lordkipanidze | first1 = D. | last2 = de Leon | first2 = Ponce | last3 = Margvelashvili | first3 = A. | last4 = Rak | first4 = Y. | last5 = Rightmire | first5 = G. P. | last6 = Vekua | first6 = A. | last7 = Zollikofer | first7 = C. P. E. | year = 2013 | title = A Complete Skull from Dmanisi, Georgia, and the Evolutionary Biology of Early Homo | journal = Science | volume = 342 | issue = 6156| pages = 326–31 | doi = 10.1126/science.1238484 | bibcode = 2013Sci...342..326L | pmid = 24136960 | s2cid = 20435482 }}

| Homo erectus

| 2001

| Dmanisi, Georgia

| David Lordkipanidze and Abesalom Vekua

|

| D3444 (Dmanisi Skull 4)

| 1.81±0.40

| Homo erectus

| 2003

| Dmanisi, Georgia

| David Lordkipanidze

|

| D4500 (Dmanisi Skull 5)

| 1.81±0.40

| Homo erectus

| 2005 (published in 2013)

| Dmanisi, Georgia

| David Lordkipanidze

|

| 1.84±0.60

| Homo rudolfensis

| 2012

| Koobi Fora, Kenya

| Meave Leakey's team

|

| 1.84±0.02

| Homo erectus

| 2013

| Ileret, Kenya

|

|

| OH 5
(Zinj or
nutcracker man)

| 1.75

| Paranthropus boisei

| 1959

| Tanzania

| Mary Leakey

|

| OH 7

| 1.75

| Homo habilis

| 1960

| Tanzania

| Jonathan Leakey

|

| StW 53

| 1.8–1.6

| variously A. africanus, H. habilis, H. gautengensis

| 1976

| Sterkfontein, South Africa

| A. R. Hughes

| University of the Witwatersrand

| KNM-ER 1805

| 1.74

| Homo habilis

| 1973/4

| Kenya

| Paul Abell

|

| Yuanmou Man

| 1.70
or 0.60–0.50
(disputed)[http://www-personal.une.edu.au/~pbrown3/yuanmou.html Inverted strata] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061002024048/http://www-personal.une.edu.au/~pbrown3/yuanmou.html |date=2006-10-02 }}

| Homo erectus

| 1965

| China

| Fang Qian

|

| KNM-ER 406

| 1.70

| Paranthropus boisei

| 1969

| Kenya

| Richard Leakey

|

| KNM-ER 732{{cite book | title = From Lucy to Language | url = https://archive.org/details/fromlucytolangua0000joha | url-access = registration |author1=Donald C. Johanson |author2=Blake Edgar | page= [https://archive.org/details/fromlucytolangua0000joha/page/158 158] |location= New York|publisher =Simon & Schuster |year = 1996}}

| 1.70

| Paranthropus boisei

| 1970

| Kenya

| Richard Leakey

|

| KNM-ER 23000{{Cite web |url=http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/3d-collection/knm-er-23000 |title=Image at Smithsonian |access-date=2013-02-08 |archive-date=2016-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307092524/http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/3d-collection/knm-er-23000 |url-status=dead }}

| 1.70

| Paranthropus boisei

| 1990

| Koobi Fora, Kenya

| Benson Kyongo

|

| KNM-WT 17400{{cite journal |author=Leakey, R. E. F. |author2=Walker, A. C. |year=1988 |title=New Australopithecus boisei specimens from East and West Lake Turkana, Kenya |journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology |issn=1096-8644 |volume=76 |issue=1 |pages=1–24 |pmid=3136654 |doi=10.1002/ajpa.1330760102}}{{cite book |editor1-last=Grine |editor1-first=Frederick E. |title=Evolutionary History of the "Robust" Australopithecines |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AmQ46CDN6DsC |year=2007 |publisher=Transaction Publishers |isbn=978-0202365961 |access-date=16 February 2015 |pages=99, 185–86, 247|last1=Grine |first1=Frederick E. }}

| 1.70

| Paranthropus boisei

| Not known{{cite book |editor1-last=Wood |editor1-first=Bernard |year=2011 |title=Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Human Evolution, 2 Volume Set |isbn=978-1444342475 |doi=10.1002/9781444342499 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=440TmWXToLAC |access-date=11 May 2014|last1=Wood |first1=Bernard }} [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781444342499.refs/pdf Access to the references of this book].

| Lake Turkana (West Lake Turkana) Kenya

| unknown

| National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi (Kenia)

| KNM-ER 3733

| 1.63±0.15{{Cite journal | last1 = Lepre | first1 = C. J. | last2 = Kent | first2 = D. V. | doi = 10.1016/j.epsl.2009.12.032 | title = New magnetostratigraphy for the Olduvai Subchron in the Koobi Fora Formation, northwest Kenya, with implications for early Homo | journal = Earth and Planetary Science Letters | volume = 290 | issue = 3–4 | page = 362 | year = 2010 |bibcode = 2010E&PSL.290..362L }}.

"paleo-magnetic results of this study delimit the age of KNM-ER 3733 to 1.78–1.48 Ma, making it one of the most securely dated fossils of early African H. erectus when compared to the oldest Homo fossils from Europe and Asia."

| Homo ergaster (a.k.a. African Homo erectus)

| 1975

| Kenya

|

|

| Lantian Man

| 1.62±0.03

| Homo erectus

| 1963

| Lantian County, China

| Woo Ju-Kang

|

| KNM-WT 15000
(Turkana Boy)

| 1.60

| Homo ergaster (a.k.a. African Homo erectus)

| 1984

| Lake Turkana (West Lake Turkana), Kenya

| Kamoya Kimeu

| Kenya National Museum

| Peninj Mandible

| 1.50

| Paranthropus boisei

| 1964

| Tanzania

| Richard Leakey

|

| Ileret Footprints

| 1.50

| Homo erectus

| 2007-2014

| Ileret, Kenya

|

|

| KNM-ER 992

| 1.50

| Homo ergaster (a.k.a. African Homo erectus)

| 1971

| Kenya

| Richard Leakey

|

| KNM-ER 3883

| 1.57±0.08

| Homo erectus

| 1976

| Kenya

| Richard Leakey

|

| Mojokerto 1
(Mojokerto child)

| 1.43±0.10

| Homo erectus

| 1936

| Indonesia

| Andojo, G.H.R. von Koenigswald

|

|BL02-J54-100{{Cite journal |last1=Toro-Moyano |first1=Isidro |last2=Martínez-Navarro |first2=Bienvenido |last3=Agustí |first3=Jordi |last4=Souday |first4=Caroline |last5=Bermúdez de Castro |first5=José María |last6=Martinón-Torres |first6=María |last7=Fajardo |first7=Beatriz |last8=Duval |first8=Mathieu |last9=Falguères |first9=Christophe |last10=Oms |first10=Oriol |last11=Parés |first11=Josep Maria |last12=Anadón |first12=Pere |last13=Julià |first13=Ramón |last14=García-Aguilar |first14=José Manuel |last15=Moigne |first15=Anne-Marie |date=2013 |title=The oldest human fossil in Europe, from Orce (Spain) |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0047248413000304 |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |language=en |volume=65 |issue=1 |pages=1–9 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.01.012|pmid=23481345 |bibcode=2013JHumE..65....1T |hdl=10072/338463 |hdl-access=free }}

|1.40

|Similar to H. heidelbergensis

|Unknown

|Spain

|Unknown

|

| 1.40

| Paranthropus boisei

| 1993

| Konso-Gardula, Ethiopia

| A. Amzaye

|

| OH 9
(Chellean Man){{cite web|url=http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/oh9.html|title=Modernhumanorigins.net|website=www.modernhumanorigins.net|access-date=2007-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100617090306/http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/oh9.html|archive-date=2010-06-17|url-status=usurped}}

| 1.40

| Homo erectus

| 1960

| Olduvai, Tanzania

| Louis Leakey

|

|1.40

|Homo erectus?

|2022

|Spain

|

|

| OH 80

| 1.34

| Paranthropus boisei

| 2010

| Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania

| Manuel Dominguez-Rodrigo

| National Museum of Tanzania

| ATE9-1{{cite news | work = Nature News | date = March 26, 2008 | author = Michael Hopkin | title = Fossil find is oldest European yet | doi = 10.1038/news.2008.691}}

| 1.20

| Homo sp. or Homo erectus?

| 2008

| Spain

| Eudald Carbonell

| Museo de la Evolución Humana, Burgos (Spain)

| Kocabaş

| 1.10{{cite journal | doi=10.1016/j.epsl.2013.12.031 | bibcode=2014E&PSL.390....8L | title = Dating the Homo erectus bearing travertine from Kocabas (Denizli, Turkey) at at least 1.1 Ma | volume = 390 | pages = 8–18 | journal=Earth and Planetary Science Letters| year=2014 | last1=Lebatard | first1=Anne-Elisabeth | last2=Alçiçek | first2=M. Cihat | last3=Rochette | first3=Pierre | last4=Khatib | first4=Samir | last5=Vialet | first5=Amélie | last6=Boulbes | first6=Nicolas | last7=Bourlès | first7=Didier L | last8=Demory | first8=François | last9=Guipert | first9=Gaspard | last10=Mayda | first10=Serdar | last11=Titov | first11=Vadim V | last12=Vidal | first12=Laurence | last13=De Lumley | first13=Henry | doi-access=free }}

| Homo erectus{{cite journal | doi = 10.1002/ajpa.20739 | volume=135 | issue=1 | title=FirstHomo erectus from Turkey and implications for migrations into temperate Eurasia | journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology | pages=110–16 | pmid=18067194 | date=January 2008 | last1 = Kappelman | first1 = J | last2 = Alçiçek | first2 = MC | last3 = Kazanci | first3 = N | last4 = Schultz | first4 = M | last5 = Ozkul | first5 = M | last6 = Sen | first6 = S}}

| 2002

| Turkey

| M. Cihat Alçiçek

|

| Daka

| 1.00

| Homo erectus

| 1997

| Ethiopia

| Henry Gilbert

|

| Sangiran 4

| 1.00

| Homo erectus

| 1939

| Indonesia

| G.H.R. von Koenigswald

|

| Sangiran 2

| 1.15±0.45

| Homo erectus

| 1937

| Indonesia

| G.H.R. von Koenigswald

|

| Madam Buya{{cite web|url=http://archive.archaeology.org/9809/newsbriefs/eritrea.html|title=New Skull from Eritrea – Archaeology Magazine Archive|website=archive.archaeology.org}}

| 1.00

| Homo erectus

| 1997

| Eritrea

| Ernesto Abbate

| National Museum of Eritrea

| ATD6-15 and ATD6-69

(Niño de la Gran Dolina 342)

| 0.900{{cite journal | last1 = Parés | first1 = J. M. | last2 = Arnold | first2 = L. | last3 = Duval | first3 = M. | last4 = Demuro | first4 = M. | last5 = Pérez-González | first5 = A. | last6 = Bermúdez de Castro | first6 = J. M. | last7 = Carbonell | first7 = E. | last8 = Arsuaga | first8 = J. L. | year = 2013 | title = Reassessing the age of Atapuerca-TD6 (Spain): new paleomagnetic results | url = https://eprints.ucm.es/27936/1/1-s2.0-S0305440313002197-1main.pdf| journal = Journal of Archaeological Science | volume = 40 | issue = 12| pages = 4586–95 | doi = 10.1016/j.jas.2013.06.013 | bibcode = 2013JArSc..40.4586P }}

| Homo antecessor
or
Homo erectus

| 1994

| Spain

| Bermúdez & Arsuaga

| Museo de la Evolución Humana, Burgos (Spain)

| Trinil 2
Pithecanthropus-1
or
Java Man{{cite web|url=http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/fossils/trinil-2|title=Trinil 2|date=24 January 2010}}

| 0.850±0.150

| Homo erectus

| 1891

| Indonesia

| Eugène Dubois

| Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden

| Ternifine 2-3 now Tighennif{{cite web |url=http://archaeology.about.com/od/tterms/g/ternifine.htm |title=Ternifine or Tighenif |access-date=28 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140711131317/http://archaeology.about.com/od/tterms/g/ternifine.htm |archive-date=11 July 2014 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}

| 0.70

| Homo erectus

| 1954

| Algeria

| C. Arambourg & B. Hoffstetter

|

| Sangiran 17{{cite web|url=http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/sangiran17.html|title=Modernhumanorigins.net|website=www.modernhumanorigins.net|access-date=2007-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100106121926/http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/sangiran17.html|archive-date=2010-01-06|url-status=usurped}}

| 0.70

| Homo erectus

| 1969

| Indonesia

| S. Sartono

|

| Peking Man

| 0.73±0.50{{cite journal | last1 = Shen | first1 = G | last2 = Gao | first2 = X | last3 = Gao | first3 = B | last4 = Granger | first4 = De | year = 2009 | title = Age of Zhoukoudian Homo erectus determined with (26)Al/(10)Be burial dating | journal = Nature | volume = 458 | issue = 7235| pages = 198–200 | doi = 10.1038/nature07741 | bibcode = 2009Natur.458..198S | pmid = 19279636 | s2cid = 19264385 }}

| Homo erectus

| 1921

| China

| Davidson Black

| Lost/stolen

|0.60

|Homo Aeserniensis

or

Homo Heidelbergensis

|2014

|Italy

|

|National Paleolithic Museum of Isernia

| Nanjing Man

| 0.60±0.02

| Homo erectus

| 1993

| China

| Liu Luhong

|

| Bodo{{cite web|url=http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/bodo.html|title=Modernhumanorigins.net|website=www.modernhumanorigins.net|access-date=2007-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100106121203/http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/bodo.html|archive-date=2010-01-06|url-status=usurped}}

| 0.600

| Homo heidelbergensis
or
Homo erectus

| 1976

| Ethiopia

| A. Asfaw

|

|0.53

|Homo neanderthalensis

|2001-2001

|Spain

|Ana Gracia Téllez

|

| Mauer 1
(Heidelberg Man)

| 0.50

| Homo heidelbergensis

| 1907

| Germany

| Daniel Hartmann

| Heidelberg University

| Saldanha man{{Cite book|title = The Human Fossil Record, Craniodental Morphology of Genus Homo (Africa and Asia)|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=EPKGnF7oZXgC|publisher = John Wiley & Sons|date = 2005|isbn = 978-0471326441|first1 = Jeffrey H.|last1 = Schwartz|first2 = Ian|last2 = Tattersall|pages=248–55}}.

| 0.50

| Homo rhodesiensis

| 1953

| South Africa

|

|

| Boxgrove Man

| 0.50{{cite journal | last1 = Streeter | display-authors = etal | year = 2001 | title = "Margret. "Histomorphometric age assessment of the Boxgrove 1 tibial diaphysis | journal = Journal of Human Evolution | volume = 40 | issue = 4| pages = 331–38 | doi = 10.1006/jhev.2001.0460 | pmid = 11312585 }}

| Homo heidelbergensis

| 1994

| UK

|

| Natural History Museum

| Arago 21
(Tautavel Man)

| 0.45

| Homo erectus

| 1971

| France

| Henry de Lumley

|

| Ceprano Man{{cite web|last1=Di Vincenzo|first1=Fabio|last2=Bernardini|first2=Federico|last3=Manzi|first3=Giorgio|title=The Ceprano calvarium, twenty years after. A new generation of (digital) studies|url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Italo_Biddittu|website=ResearchGate|access-date=26 October 2017}}{{cite news|last1=Fraioli|first1=Luca|title=Dopo 400mila anni, ecco il vero volto dell'Uomo di Ceprano|url=http://www.repubblica.it/scienze/2017/10/25/news/dopo_400mila_anni_ecco_il_vero_volto_dell_uomo_di_ceprano-179294030/|access-date=26 October 2017}}

| 0.450±0.050

| Homo cepranensis
/Homo heidelbergensis

| 1994

| Ceprano, Italy

| Italo Biddittu

| Servizio di antropologia, Soprintendenza ai beni culturali, Regione Lazio, Italy

|Agamenón{{Cite web |date=2019-10-11 |title="Agamenón", el homínido más famoso de Atapuerca, no estaba sordo |url=https://historia.nationalgeographic.com.es/a/agamenon-hominido-mas-famoso-atapuerca-no-estaba-sordo_14792 |access-date=2023-08-23 |website=historia.nationalgeographic.com.es |language=es}}

|0.43

|Homo neanderthalensis{{Cite journal |last=Stringer |first=Chris |date=2012 |title=The status of Homo heidelbergensis (Schoetensack 1908) |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/evan.21311 |journal=Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews |language=en |volume=21 |issue=3 |pages=101–107 |doi=10.1002/evan.21311|pmid=22718477 |s2cid=205826399 |url-access=subscription }}

|1997

|Spain

|Paleontological teams

|Museo de la Evolución Humana, Burgos (Spain)

| Miguelón

| 0.40

| Homo neanderthalensis

| 1992

| Spain

| Bermúdez, Arsuaga & Carbonell

| Museo de la Evolución Humana, Burgos (Spain)

| Aroeira 3

| 0.40

| Homo heidelbergensis

| 2014

| Portugal

| {{ill|João Zilhão|de|vertical-align=sup}}

| Museu Nacional de Arqueologia, Lisbon

| Salé cranium{{cite book |editor=Eric Delson |editor2=Ian Tattersall |editor3=John Van Couvering |editor4=Alison S. Brooks |year=2004 |title=Encyclopedia of Human Evolution and Prehistory: Second Edition |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1135582289 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6GFGsswTIO8C |access-date=9 August 2015 |page=624|last1=Delson |first1=Eric |last2=Tattersall |first2=Ian |last3=Couvering |first3=John Van |last4=Brooks |first4=Alison S. }}{{cite web |url=http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/fossils/sal%C3%A9 |title=Salé |author=Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History |work= What does it mean to be human? |access-date=18 May 2014|date=2010-01-30}}{{cite book |author=J. J. Jaeger |year=1975 |chapter=The mammalian faunas and hominid fossils of the Middle Pleistocene of the Maghreb |editor1=K. W. Butzer |editor2=G. L. Isaac |title=After the Australopithecines |pages=399–418 |location=Den Hage |isbn=978-9027976291}}

| 0.40-0.20

| Homo sapiens?{{Citation |last=Bräuer |first=G. |title=Middle Pleistocene Diversity in Africa and the Origin of Modern Humans |date=2012 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2929-2_15 |work=Modern Origins: A North African Perspective |pages=221–240 |editor-last=Hublin |editor-first=Jean-Jacques |access-date=2023-08-13 |series=Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology |place=Dordrecht |publisher=Springer Netherlands |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-94-007-2929-2_15 |isbn=978-94-007-2929-2 |editor2-last=McPherron |editor2-first=Shannon P.|url-access=subscription }}

| 1971

| Morocco

| Quarry worker

|

| Swanscombe ManNatural History Museum [https://web.archive.org/web/20160403075311/http://www.nhm.ac.uk/natureplus/blogs/whats-new/2014/02/11/neanderthal-woman-in-pieces Neanderthal woman in pieces] Retrieved 16 May 2018

| 0.40

| Homo neanderthalensis

| 1935, 1936, 1955

| UK

| Alvan T Marston, John J Wymer and Adrian Gibson

| Natural History Museum

| Ndutuhttp://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/3d-collection/ndutu {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304194444/http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/3d-collection/ndutu |date=2016-03-04 }} Image at Smithsonian{{Cite journal |last1=Montiel |first1=Gustavo |last2=Lorenzo |first2=Carlos |date=2023 |title=A New Virtual Reconstruction of the Ndutu Cranium |journal=Heritage |language=en |volume=6 |issue=3 |pages=2822–2850 |doi=10.3390/heritage6030151 |issn=2571-9408 |doi-access=free }}

| 0.45±.04

| Homo neanderthalensis affinities

| 1973

| Tanzania

| A.A. Mturi

|

| 0.412±0.025{{cite journal |author=Rainer Grün |author2=Pei-Hua Huang |author3=Wanpo Huang |author4=Frank McDermott |author5=Alan Thorne |author6=Chris B. Stringer |author7=Ge Yan |year=1998 |title=ESR and U-series analyses of teeth from the palaeoanthropological site of Hexian, Anhui Province, China |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=34 |issue=6 |pages=555–564 |doi=10.1006/jhev.1997.0211 |issn=0047-2484 |pmid=9650100|bibcode=1998JHumE..34..555G }}

| Homo erectus

| 1980-1981{{Cite journal |last=Maolin |first=Wu |date=1983 |title=Homo erectus from Hexian, Anhui found in 1981 |url=http://www.anthropol.ac.cn/EN/abstract/abstract79.shtml |journal=Acta Anthropologica Sinica |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=109–205}}

| Hexian, China

|

|

| BH-1

| 0.40{{Cite journal|last1=Skinner|first1=Matthew M.|last2=de Vries|first2=Dorien|last3=Gunz|first3=Philipp|last4=Kupczik|first4=Kornelius|last5=Klassen|first5=R. Paul|last6=Hublin|first6=Jean-Jacques|last7=Roksandic|first7=Mirjana|date=2016-04-01|title=A dental perspective on the taxonomic affinity of the Balanica mandible (BH-1)|journal=Journal of Human Evolution|language=en|volume=93|pages=63–81|doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.01.010|pmid=27086056|issn=0047-2484|doi-access=free|bibcode=2016JHumE..93...63S }}

|Homo heidelbergensis

|

| Mala Balanica, Serbia

|

|

| Gawis cranium

| 0.350±0.150

| Homo erectus/Homo sapiens

| 2006

| Ethiopia

| Asahmed Humet

|

| Steinheim Skull

| 0.35

| Homo heidelbergensis

| 1933

| Germany

|

|

| Dinaledi Chamber hominins

| 0.325±0.090{{cite journal|title=The age of Homo naledi and associated sediments in the Rising Star Cave, South Africa|first1=Paul HGM|last1=Dirks|first2=Eric M.|last2=Roberts|first3=Hannah|last3=Hilbert-Wolf|first4=Jan D.|last4=Kramers|first5=John|last5=Hawks|first6=Anthony|last6=Dosseto|first7=Mathieu|last7=Duval|first8=Marina|last8=Elliott|first9=Mary|last9=Evans|first10=Rainer|last10=Grün|first11=John|last11=Hellstrom|first12=Andy IR|last12=Herries|first13=Renaud|last13=Joannes-Boyau|first14=Tebogo V.|last14=Makhubela|first15=Christa J.|last15=Placzek|first16=Jessie|last16=Robbins|first17=Carl|last17=Spandler|first18=Jelle|last18=Wiersma|first19=Jon|last19=Woodhead|first20=Lee R.|last20=Berger|date=9 May 2017|journal=eLife|volume=6|pages=e24231|doi=10.7554/eLife.24231|pmid=28483040|pmc=5423772 |doi-access=free }}

| Homo naledi

| 2013

| South Africa

| Rick Hunter and Steven Tucker

| University of the Witwatersrand (South Africa)

| Montmaurin-La Niche mandible

| ~0.25

| Homo heidelbergensis

| 1949

| Haute-Garonne, France

| Louis Mèroc

| Musée de l'Homme

!

! Name

! Age (ka)

! Species

! Year
discovered

! Country

! Discovered by

! Now located at

| Dragon Man

| 309–138

| Homo longi

| 1933

| China

|

| Hebei GEO University

| Broken Hill 1
(Kabwe 1, Rhodesian Man)

| 299±25Grün, R., Pike, A., McDermott, F., Eggins, S., Mortimer, G., Aubert, M., ... & Brink, J. (2020). Dating the skull from Broken Hill, Zambia, and its position in human evolution. Nature, 580(7803), 372-375.

| Homo rhodesiensis (Homo heidelbergensis)

| 1921

| Zambia

| Tom Zwiglaar

|

| Jebel Irhoud 1–5

| 315±32{{cite journal |author=David Richter|display-authors=etal|title=The age of the hominin fossils from Jebel Irhoud, Morocco, and the origins of the Middle Stone Age|journal=Nature|date=8 June 2017|volume=546|issue=7657|pages=293–96|doi=10.1038/nature22335|pmid=28593967|bibcode=2017Natur.546..293R|s2cid=205255853}}

"Here we report the ages, determined by thermoluminescence dating, of fire-heated flint artefacts obtained from new excavations at the Middle Stone Age site of Jebel Irhoud, Morocco, which are directly associated with newly discovered remains of H. sapiens8. A weighted average age places these Middle Stone Age artefacts and fossils at 315±34 thousand years ago. Support is obtained through the recalculated uranium series with electron spin resonance date of 286±32 thousand years ago for a tooth from the Irhoud 3 hominin mandible.";

{{cite journal |vauthors=Smith TM, Tafforeau P, Reid DJ, etal |title=Earliest evidence of modern human life history in North African early Homo sapiens |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=104 |issue=15 |pages=6128–33 |date=April 2007 |pmid=17372199 |pmc=1828706 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0700747104 |bibcode=2007PNAS..104.6128S |doi-access=free }}

| Homo sapiens

| 2017

| Morocco

|INSAP

|

| Samu{{Cite journal |last1=Soukup |first1=Václav |last2=Mechurová |first2=Zdenka |date=2018-12-14 |title=Mysterious Prehistoric Samuel: Homo erectus paleohungaricus in the Context of Anthropogenesis |url=https://journals.muni.cz/anthropologia_integra/article/view/11426 |journal=Anthropologia Integra |language=en |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=7–19 |doi=10.5817/AI2018-2-7 |issn=1804-6665|doi-access=free }}

| 275±25

| Homo heidelbergensis

| 1964

| Hungary

| László Vértes

|

| Dali Man{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20100828232622/http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/dali.html Article title]}} Dali image at Modern Human Origins

| 260±20{{cite journal | doi = 10.1016/j.quaint.2015.05.027 | volume=434 | title=TT-OSL and post-IR IRSL dating of the Dali Man site in central China | year=2017 | journal=Quaternary International | pages=99–106 | last1 = Sun | first1 = Xuefeng | last2 = Yi | first2 = Shuangwen | last3 = Lu | first3 = Huayu | last4 = Zhang | first4 = Wenchao| bibcode=2017QuInt.434...99S }}

"correlating the pIRIR290 ages between 267.7±13.9 ka and 258.3±14.2 ka and new pollen analysis, we proposed a new viewpoint that the Dali Man was likely to live during a transitional period from glacial to interglacial climate in the S2/L3 (MIS 7/8) stage."

| Homo daliensis

| 1978

| China

| Shuntang Liu

|

|Jinniushan

|260-200 ka{{Cite journal |last1=Lu |first1=Z. |last2=Meldrum |first2=D. J. |last3=Huang |first3=Y. |last4=He |first4=J. |last5=Sarmiento |first5=E. E. |date=2011-12-01 |title=The Jinniushan hominin pedal skeleton from the late Middle Pleistocene of China |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0018442X11000680 |journal=HOMO |volume=62 |issue=6 |pages=389–401 |doi=10.1016/j.jchb.2011.08.008 |pmid=22040649 |issn=0018-442X|url-access=subscription }}

|Homo longi Homo daliensis

|1984

|China{{Cite journal |last=Ju-kang) |first=Wu Rukang (Woo |date=1988-06-15 |title=The reconstruction of the fossil human skull from Jinniushan, Yinkou, Liaoning Province and its maintures |url=http://www.anthropol.ac.cn/EN/ |journal=Acta Anthropologica Sinica |language=en |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=97 |issn=1000-3193}}

|Paleolithic Archeology Student Excavation Team

|

| Florisbad Skull

| 259±35

| early Homo sapiens
or Homo heidelbergensis
or Homo helmei

| 1932

| South Africa

| T. F. Dreyer, G. Venter

|

| Galilee Man

| 250±50

| Homo heidelbergensis

| 1925

| Israel

| Francis Turville-Petre

|

|Coupe-Gorge{{Cite web |title=Ariadne portal |url=https://portal.ariadne-infrastructure.eu/resource/884acb1c340a278f5a04d0e26cf4db3eead132f0e16cdbf49feb688b25d89c12 |access-date=2024-01-29 |website=portal.ariadne-infrastructure.eu}}

|250

|Homo heidelbergensis

|1949

|France

|Raoul Cammas

|

|Montmaurin-La Niche mandible{{Cite journal |last1=Vialet |first1=Amélie |last2=Modesto-Mata |first2=Mario |last3=Martinón-Torres |first3=María |last4=Pinillos |first4=Marina Martínez de |last5=Castro |first5=José-María Bermúdez de |date=2018-01-16 |title=A reassessment of the Montmaurin-La Niche mandible (Haute Garonne, France) in the context of European Pleistocene human evolution |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=e0189714 |bibcode=2018PLoSO..1389714V |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0189714 |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=5770020 |pmid=29337994 |doi-access=free}}

|250

|Homo heidelbergensis

|1949

|France

|Raoul Cammas

|Musée de l'Homme

| Saccopastore 1

| 250{{cite web|url=http://www.thelocal.it/20151104/italy-dates-its-first-neanderthal-to-250k-years-ago|title=Italy's first Neanderthal dates back 250,000 years|date=4 November 2015}}

| Homo neanderthalensis

| 1929

| Grotta Guattari / Italy

| Mario Grazioli

|

| 250

| Homo neanderthalensis

| 1935

| Grotta Guattari / Italy

| Henry Breuil and Alberto Carlo Blanc

|

| 236-46

| Homo erectus or Homo sapiens

|

| Narmada River, India

| 230

| Homo neanderthalensis

| 1981

| Wales, UK

|

|

| 210{{Cite journal|author1=Katerina Harvati |author2=Carolin Röding |author3=Abel M. Bosman |author4=Fotios A. Karakostis |author5=Rainer Grün |author6=Chris Stringer |author7=Panagiotis Karkanas |author8=Nicholas C. Thompson |author9=Vassilis Koutoulidis |author10=Lia A. Moulopoulos |author11=Vassilis G. Gorgoulis |author12=Mirsini Kouloukoussa |year=2019 |title=Apidima Cave fossils provide earliest evidence of Homo sapiens in Eurasia |journal=Nature |volume=571 |issue=7766 |pages=500–04 |doi=10.1038/s41586-019-1376-z |pmid=31292546 |s2cid=195873640 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/6646855 }}

| Homo sapiens

| 1978

| Apidima Cave / Greece

| Theodore Pitsios[http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.630.7724&rep=rep1&type=pdf Signals of Evolution in the Territory of Greece. Paleoanthropological Findings.] Christos Valsamis. Intensive Course in Biological Anthropology. 1st Summer School of the European Anthropological Association. 16–30 June 2007, Prague, Czech Republic.

|

| Petralona 1

| 200±40{{cite journal|last1=Hennig|first1=G. J.|last2=Herr|first2=W.|last3=Weber|first3=E.|last4=Xirotiris|first4=N. I.|title=ESR-dating of the fossil hominid cranium from Petralona Cave, Greece|journal=Nature|date=6 August 1981|volume=292|issue=5823|pages=533–36|doi=10.1038/292533a0|bibcode=1981Natur.292..533H|s2cid=4359695}}

| Homo heidelbergensis (uncertain)

| 1960

| Greece

|

|

| Omo remains

| 233±22{{Cite journal |last1=Vidal |first1=Celine M. |last2=Lane |first2=Christine S. |author-link2=Christine Lane |last3=Asfawrossen |first3=Asrat |display-authors=etal |date=Jan 2022 |title=Age of the oldest known Homo sapiens from eastern Africa |journal=Nature |volume=601 |issue=7894 |pages=579–583 |bibcode=2022Natur.601..579V |doi=10.1038/s41586-021-04275-8 |pmc=8791829 |pmid=35022610}} or 195±5{{cite web|url=http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/omo1.html|title=Modernhumanorigins.net|website=www.modernhumanorigins.net|access-date=2007-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100818165507/http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/omo1.html|archive-date=2010-08-18|url-status=usurped}}

| Homo sapiens

| 1967

| Ethiopia

| Richard Leakey

|

| 190(?){{Cite journal|last1=Rajendran|first1=P.|last2=Koshy|first2=Peter|last3=Sadasivan|first3=Santha|date=2006-12-01|title=Homo Sapiens (Archaic) Baby Fossil of the Middle Pleistocene|journal=Ancient Asia|language=en|volume=1|pages=7–13|doi=10.5334/aa.06102|issn=2042-5937|doi-access=free}}

{{Cite journal|last1=Rajendran|first1=P.|last2=Bharath Kumar|first2=R.|last3=Bhanu|first3=Vijaya|date=2003|title=Fossilized hominid baby skull from the ferricrete at Odai, Bommayarpalayam, Villupuram District, Tamil Nadu, South India|url=http://www.iisc.ernet.in/currsci/mar252003/754.pdf|journal=Current Science|language=en|volume=84|issue=6|pages=754|access-date=2019-09-25|archive-date=2016-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303235000/http://www.iisc.ernet.in/currsci/mar252003/754.pdf|url-status=dead}}

"A similar type of ferricrete on Kerala coast has been dated by electron spin resonance to 0.187 million years. Therefore, more or less the same age can be assigned to the ferricrete at Odai and to the infant baby skull found within it. In the hominid evolutionary stage this may belong to the Homo erectus or Homo sapiens (Archaic)"

| H. erectus
or
H. sapiens

| 2001

| Tamil Nadu, India

| P Rajendran

|

| 187±13{{cite journal|last1=Hershkovitz|first1=Israel|last2=Weber|first2=Gerhard W.|last3=Quam|first3=Rolf|last4=Duval|first4=Mathieu|last5=Grün|first5=Rainer|last6=Kinsley|first6=Leslie|last7=Ayalon|first7=Avner|last8=Bar-Matthews|first8=Miryam|last9=Valladas|first9=Helene|last10=Mercier|first10=Norbert|last11=Arsuaga|first11=Juan Luis|last12=Martinón-Torres|first12=María|last13=Bermúdez de Castro|first13=José María|last14=Fornai|first14=Cinzia|last15=Martín-Francés|first15=Laura|last16=Sarig|first16=Rachel|last17=May|first17=Hila|last18=Krenn|first18=Viktoria A.|last19=Slon|first19=Viviane|last20=Rodríguez|first20=Laura|last21=García|first21=Rebeca|last22=Lorenzo|first22=Carlos|last23=Carretero|first23=Jose Miguel|last24=Frumkin|first24=Amos|last25=Shahack-Gross|first25=Ruth|last26=Bar-Yosef Mayer|first26=Daniella E.|last27=Cui|first27=Yaming|last28=Wu|first28=Xinzhi|last29=Peled|first29=Natan|last30=Groman-Yaroslavski|first30=Iris|last31=Weissbrod|first31=Lior|last32=Yeshurun|first32=Reuven|last33=Tsatskin|first33=Alexander|last34=Zaidner|first34=Yossi|last35=Weinstein-Evron|first35=Mina|title=The earliest modern humans outside Africa|journal=Science|date=25 January 2018|volume=359|issue=6374|pages=456–59|doi=10.1126/science.aap8369|pmid=29371468|bibcode=2018Sci...359..456H|doi-access=free|hdl=10072/372670|hdl-access=free}}

| Homo sapiens

| 2002

| Israel

| Israel Hershkovitz

|

| 170

| Homo neanderthalensis

| 1978

| Apidima Cave / Greece

| Theodore Pitsios

|

| Penghu 1

| 160±30 or 40±30Found underwater, this fossil was stratigraphically dated to younger than 450 ka, and assigned to either of two plausible low-sea-level events, but it is unknown whether it dates to the Eemian or to the LGM.

{{cite journal|last1=Chang|first1=Chun-Hsiang|last2=Kaifu|first2=Yousuke|last3=Takai|first3=Masanaru|last4=Kono|first4=Reiko T.|last5=Grün|first5=Rainer|last6=Matsu'ura|first6=Shuji|last7=Kinsley|first7=Les|last8=Lin|first8=Liang-Kong|title=The first archaic Homo from Taiwan|journal=Nature Communications|date=2015|volume=6|pages=6037|doi=10.1038/ncomms7037|pmid=25625212|pmc=4316746|bibcode=2015NatCo...6.6037C}}

| Denisovan?{{ cite journal | year=2015 | title=First archaic Homo from Taiwan | journal=Nature Communications |author1=Chang, C.-H. |author2=Kaifu, M. |author3=Kona, R. T. |author4=Grün, R. |author5=Matsu'ura, S. |author6=Kinsley, L. |author7=Lin, L.-K. |doi=10.1038/ncomms7037 | volume=6 | pages=6037 | pmid=25625212 | pmc=4316746| bibcode=2015NatCo...6.6037C }}{{cite web|title= Ancient Human Fossil Could Be New Primitive Species|first=Charles Q.|last= Choi|website= Live Science|date= January 27, 2015|url=http://www.livescience.com/49588-ancient-human-fossil-primitive-species.html}}{{Cite journal |last=Tsutaya |first=Takumi |last2=Sawafuji |first2=Rikai |last3=Taurozzi |first3=Alberto J. |last4=Fagernäs |first4=Zandra |last5=Patramanis |first5=Ioannis |last6=Troché |first6=Gaudry |last7=Mackie |first7=Meaghan |last8=Gakuhari |first8=Takashi |last9=Oota |first9=Hiroki |last10=Tsai |first10=Cheng-Hsiu |last11=Olsen |first11=Jesper V. |last12=Kaifu |first12=Yousuke |last13=Chang |first13=Chun-Hsiang |last14=Cappellini |first14=Enrico |last15=Welker |first15=Frido |date=2025-04-11 |title=A male Denisovan mandible from Pleistocene Taiwan |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ads3888 |journal=Science |volume=388 |issue=6743 |pages=176–180 |doi=10.1126/science.ads3888|url-access=subscription }}

| {{sort|2008, c|{{circa|2008}}}}

| Taiwan

|

| National Museum of Natural Science

| Herto remains{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/science/news/stories/s877478.htm|title=News in Science – Missing link in human evolution found in Africa |date=December 6, 2003|website=www.abc.net.au}}

| 160

| Homo sapiens

| 1997

| Ethiopia

| Tim White

|

| Xiahe mandible

| 160{{cite journal |author-link1=Fahu Chen| last1=Chen | first1=Fahu | last2=Welker | first2=Frido | last3=Shen | first3=Chuan-Chou | last4=Bailey | first4=Shara E. | last5=Bergmann | first5=Inga | last6=Davis | first6=Simon | last7=Xia | first7=Huan | last8=Wang | first8=Hui | last9=Fischer | first9=Roman | last10=Freidline | first10=Sarah E. | last11=Yu | first11=Tsai-Luen | last12=Skinner | first12=Matthew M. | last13=Stelzer | first13=Stefanie | last14=Dong | first14=Guangrong | last15=Fu | first15=Qiaomei | last16=Dong | first16=Guanghui | last17=Wang | first17=Jian | last18=Zhang | first18=Dongju | last19=Hublin | first19=Jean-Jacques | title=A late Middle Pleistocene Denisovan mandible from the Tibetan Plateau | journal=Nature | volume=569 | issue=7756 | pages=409–12 | publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC | date=1 May 2019 | issn=0028-0836 | doi=10.1038/s41586-019-1139-x| pmid=31043746 | bibcode=2019Natur.569..409C | s2cid=141503768 | url=https://kar.kent.ac.uk/74280/1/Xiahe_Main.pdf }}

| Denisovan

| 1980

| China

|

|

| Altamura Man

| 151±21{{cite journal|author=Martina Lari|author2=Fabio Di Vincenzo|author3=Andrea Borsato|author4=Silvia Ghirotto|author5=Mario Micheli|author6=Carlotta Balsamo|author7=Carmine Collina|author8=Gianluca De Bellis|author9=Silvia Frisia|author-link9=Silvia Frisia|author10=Giacomo Giacobini|author11=Elena Gigli|year=2015|title=The Neanderthal in the karst: First dating, morphometric, and paleogenetic data on the fossil skeleton from Altamura (Italy)|url=https://flore.unifi.it/bitstream/2158/1002533/2/Lari%20et%20al_JHE_2015.pdf|journal=Journal of Human Evolution|volume=82|pages=88–94|doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.02.007|pmid=25805042|author25=David Caramelli|hdl=2158/1002533|author26=Giorgio Manzi|author24=Guido Barbujani|author12=John C. Hellstrom|author23=Carles Lalueza-Fox|author22=Marcello Piperno|author21=Donata Venturo|author20=Stefania Vai|author18=Oscar Ramirez|author17=Antonio Profico|author16=Elena Pilli|author15=Alessandro Pietrelli|author14=Alessandra Modi|author13=Antonella Lannino|author19=Ermanno Rizzi|bibcode=2015JHumE..82...88L |s2cid=23113153|hdl-access=free|access-date=2019-09-26|archive-date=2020-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317103112/https://flore.unifi.it/retrieve/handle/2158/1002533/75432/Lari%20et%20al_JHE_2015.pdf|url-status=dead}}

| Homo neanderthalensis

| 1993

| Italy

|

| in situ

| Nesher Ramla Homo

| 140±120

| Nesher Ramla Homo
or
Homo neanderthalensis

| 2021

| Israel

| Israel Hershkovitz

|

| Maba Man

| 140±120

| early modern human,

Homo neanderthalensis

or

Denisovan

| 1958

| Shaogun, China

|

| Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology

| 134±14{{r|Grün_2023}}

| Homo luzonensis

| 2011–2015

| Callao Cave, Philippines

| Florent Détroit & Armand Mijares

|

| EH 06

| 132–88

| Homo sapiens ?

| 2002–2006

| Lake Eyasi, Tanzania

| Manuel Domínguez-Rodrigo

|

| LH 18

| 120±30

| Homo sapiens

| 1976

| Ngaloba beds at Laetoli, Tanzania

| Mary Leakey{{cite journal | last1 = Magori | first1 = M.H.Day | year = 1983| title = Laetoli Hominid 18: an early Homo sapiens skull | journal = Journal of Human Evolution | volume = 12 | issue = 8| pages = 747–53 | doi = 10.1016/S0047-2484(83)80130-4 | bibcode = 1983JHumE..12..747M }}

|

| Tabun C1{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20130816062229/http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/tabun1.html Article title]}} Tabun 1 Image at Modern Human Origins

| 120

| Homo neanderthalensis

| 1967

| Israel

| Arthur Jelinek

|

|115-58 ka

|Homo neanderthalensis?

|1997-1999

|Germany

|Frangenberg brothers

|

|Krapina 3{{cite web |title=Krapina C Images at Modern Human Origins |url=http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/krapinac.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927013702/http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/krapinac.html |archive-date=2007-09-27 |access-date=2007-03-20}}

|113.5±13.5{{cite journal |vauthors=Smith TM, Tafforeau P, Reid DJ, etal |date=December 2010 |title=Dental evidence for ontogenetic differences between modern humans and Neanderthals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=107 |issue=49 |pages=20923–28 |bibcode=2010PNAS..10720923S |doi=10.1073/pnas.1010906107 |pmc=3000267 |pmid=21078988 |doi-access=free}}

|Homo neanderthalensis

|1899

|Croatia

|Dragutin Gorjanović-Kramberger

|

| Ngandong 7

| 112{{cite web|url= https://phys.org/news/2019-12-age-settlement-ancestor-modern-humans.html |title=Researchers determine age for last known settlement by a direct ancestor to modern humans |publisher=Nature }}

| Homo erectus

| 1931

| Indonesia

| C. ter Haar and G. H. R. von Koenigswald

|

| 110{{cite news |last=Zimmer |first=Carl |author-link=Carl Zimmer |title=In a Tooth, DNA From Some Very Old Cousins, the Denisovans |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/17/science/in-a-tooth-dna-from-some-very-old-cousins-the-denisovans.html |date=16 November 2015 |work=New York Times |access-date=16 November 2015 }}{{cite journal |last1=Sawyer |first1=Susanna |last2=Renaud |first2=Gabriel |last3=Viola |first3=Bence |last4=Hublin |first4=Jean-Jacques |last5=Gansauge |first5=Marie-Theres |last6=Shunkov |first6=Michael V. |last7=Derevianko |first7=Anatoly P. |last8=Prüfer |first8=Kay |last9=Kelso |first9=Janet |last10=Pääbo |first10=Svante |title=Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences from two Denisovan individuals |date=11 November 2015 |journal=PNAS |volume=112 |issue=51 |pages=15696–700 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1519905112 |pmid=26630009 |pmc=4697428 |bibcode=2015PNAS..11215696S|doi-access=free }}

| Denisovan

| 2010

| Russia

|

|

| Qafzeh 6{{cite web|url=http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/qafzeh6.html|title=Modernhumanorigins.net|website=www.modernhumanorigins.net|access-date=2007-03-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100718082720/http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/qafzeh6.html|archive-date=2010-07-18|url-status=usurped}}

| 95±5

| Homo sapiens

| 1930

| Israel

| R. Neuville, M. Stekelis

|

| Qafzeh 9

| 100–90

| Homo sapiens{{cite journal |last1=Coutinho-Nogueira |first1=Dany |last2=Coqueugniot |first2=Hélène |last3=Tillier |first3=Anne-marie |title=Qafzeh 9 Early Modern Human from Southwest Asia: age at death and sex estimation re-assessed |journal=HOMO |date=10 September 2021 |volume=72 |issue=4 |pages=293–305 |doi=10.1127/homo/2021/1513|pmid=34505621 |s2cid=237469414 |url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03368602 }}{{cite journal |last1=Coutinho Nogueira |first1=D. |last2=Dutour |first2=O. |last3=Coqueugniot |first3=H. |last4=Tillier |first4=A.-m. |title=Qafzeh 9 mandible (ca 90–100 kyrs BP, Israel) revisited: μ-CT and 3D reveal new pathological conditions |journal=International Journal of Paleopathology |date=September 2019 |volume=26 |pages=104–110 |doi=10.1016/j.ijpp.2019.06.002|pmid=31351220 |s2cid=198953011 |url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02266401/file/Coutinho%20Nogueira%20et%20al.%202019%20mandibule.pdf }}

| 1933

| Israel

| B. Vandermeersch

|

| 103±23

| Homo neanderthalensis

| 1993

| Belgium

|

|

| Skhul 5

| 100±20

| Homo sapiens

| 1933

| Israel

| T. McCown and H. Moivus Jr.

|

| 100±20

| Homo sapiens

|

| Israel

|

|

| 100±25

| Homo sapiens

| 1960

| South Africa

| Ray Inskeep, Robin Singer, John Wymer, Hilary Deacon

|

| Eve's footprints

| 117

| Homo sapiens

| 1995

| South Africa

| David Roberts & Lee R. Berger

|

| Liujiang man

| 113.5±45.5

| Homo sapiens

| 1958

| China

|

|

| Denny{{cite journal |last=Warren |first=Matthew |title=Mum's a Neanderthal, Dad's a Denisovan: First discovery of an ancient-human hybrid – Genetic analysis uncovers a direct descendant of two different groups of early humans. |date=22 August 2018 |journal=Nature |volume=560 |issue=7719 |pages=417–18 |doi=10.1038/d41586-018-06004-0 |pmid=30135540 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2018Natur.560..417W }}{{cite journal |last=Vogel |first=Gretchen |title=This ancient bone belonged to a child of two extinct human species |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/ancient-bone-belonged-child-two-extinct-human-species |date=22 August 2018 |journal=Science |doi=10.1126/science.aav1858 |s2cid=188160693 |access-date=22 August 2018 |url-access=subscription }}{{cite web |last=Marshall |first=Michael |title=Prehistoric girl had parents belonging to different human species |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2177634-prehistoric-girl-had-parents-belonging-to-different-human-species/ |date=22 August 2018 |work=New Scientist |access-date=22 August 2018 }}

| 90

| Hybrid – (Homo neanderthalensis/Denisovan)

| 2012

| Denisova Cave / Siberia / Russia

| Viviane Slon & Svante Pääbo

| Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (Leipzig, Germany)

|78.3±4.1

|Homo sapiens

|2021

|Kenya

|

|

| 75

| Homo neanderthalensis

| 2003

| Uzbekistan

|

|

| Teshik-Tash Skull{{cite web | publisher = Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History | title = What does it mean to be human? | access-date = July 27, 2012 | url = http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/3d-collection/f-teshik-tash | date = 2010-02-27 | archive-date = 2021-03-05 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210305192253/https://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/3d-collection/f-teshik-tash | url-status = dead }}

| 70

| Homo neanderthalensis

| 1938

| Uzbekistan

| A. Okladnikov

|

| La Ferrassie 1

| 70

| Homo neanderthalensis

| 1909

| France

| R. Capitan and D. Peyrony

|

| Shanidar 1

| 70±10

| Homo neanderthalensis

| 1961

| Iraq

| Ralph Solecki

|

|Sambungmacan (Sm) 1-4

|70- 40

|Homo erectus

|1973-2001{{Cite journal |last1=Yokoyama |first1=Yuji |last2=Falguères |first2=Christophe |last3=Sémah |first3=François |last4=Jacob |first4=Teuku |last5=Grün |first5=Rainer |date=2008-08-01 |title=Gamma-ray spectrometric dating of late Homo erectus skulls from Ngandong and Sambungmacan, Central Java, Indonesia |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004724840800047X |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |language=en |volume=55 |issue=2 |pages=274–277 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.01.006 |pmid=18479734 |bibcode=2008JHumE..55..274Y |issn=0047-2484|url-access=subscription }}

|Indonesia

|Construction and fossil collectors

|

| Callao Man
(CCH1)

| 66.7±1{{r|Grün_2023}}

| Homo luzonensis

| 2007

| Callao Cave, Philippines

| Florent Détroit & Armand Mijares

|

| La Quina 5{{cite web |url= https://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/fossils/la-quina-5|title=La Quina 5 |author= |date=30 August 2022 |website=National Museum of Natural History |publisher= Smithsonian Institution|access-date= 18 November 2023|quote=}}

| 65

| Homo neanderthalensis

|

| France

|

|

| La Chapelle-aux-Saints 1

| 60

| Homo neanderthalensis

| 1908

| France

| A. and J. Bouyssonie and L. Bardon

|

| Kebara 2 (Moshe){{cite book|first1= Donald|last1= Johanson|first2=Blake|last2=Edgar|title=From Lucy to Language|url= https://archive.org/details/fromlucytolangua2006joha|url-access= registration|publisher=Simon & Schuster|year=2006|isbn=978-0-7432-8064-8}}

| 60

| Homo neanderthalensis

| 1983

| Israel

| Lynne Schepartz

|

| 55±5

| Homo neanderthalensis

|

| Israel

|

|

| LB 1 (Hobbit)

| 55±5

| Homo floresiensis

| 2003

| Liang Bua, Indonesia

| Peter Brown

|

| 55

| Homo sapiens

| 2008

| Israel

|{{cite journal|last1=Hershkovitz|first1=Israel|last2=Marder|first2=Ofer|last3=Ayalon|first3=Avner|last4=Bar-Matthews|first4=Miryam|last5=Yasur|first5=Gal|last6=Boaretto|first6=Elisabetta|last7=Caracuta|first7=Valentina|last8=Alex|first8=Bridget|last9=Frumkin|first9=Amos|last10=Goder-Goldberger|first10=Mae|last11=Gunz|first11=Philipp|last12=Holloway|first12=Ralph L.|last13=Latimer|first13=Bruce|last14=Lavi|first14=Ron|last15=Matthews|first15=Alan|last16=Slon|first16=Viviane|last17=Mayer|first17=Daniella Bar-Yosef|last18=Berna|first18=Francesco|last19=Bar-Oz|first19=Guy|last20=Yeshurun|first20=Reuven|last21=May|first21=Hila|last22=Hans|first22=Mark G.|last23=Weber|first23=Gerhard W.|last24=Barzilai|first24=Omry|title=Levantine cranium from Manot Cave (Israel) foreshadows the first European modern humans|journal=Nature|year=2015|volume=520|issue=7546|doi=10.1038/nature14134|pmid=25629628|display-authors=8|pages=216–19|bibcode=2015Natur.520..216H|s2cid=4386123}}

|

| La Quina 18{{Citation needed|date=February 2011}}

| 52.5±7.5

| Homo neanderthalensis

|

| France

|

|

| Tam Pa Ling Cave

| 54.5±8.5{{cite journal|last1=Demeter|first1=F.|last2=Shackelford|first2=L. L.|last3=Bacon|first3=A.-M.|last4=Duringer|first4=P.|last5=Westaway|first5=K.|last6=Sayavongkhamdy|first6=T.|last7=Braga|first7=J.|last8=Sichanthongtip|first8=P.|last9=Khamdalavong|first9=P.|last10=Ponche|first10=J.-L.|last11=Wang|first11=H.|last12=Lundstrom|first12=C.|last13=Patole-Edoumba|first13=E.|last14=Karpoff|first14=A.-M.|title=Anatomically modern human in Southeast Asia (Laos) by 46 ka|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=2012|volume=109|issue=36|pages=14375–80|doi=10.1073/pnas.1208104109|pmid=22908291|pmc=3437904|bibcode=2012PNAS..10914375D|doi-access=free}}{{cite journal|last1=Demeter|first1=Fabrice|last2=Shackelford|first2=Laura|last3=Westaway|first3=Kira|last4=Duringer|first4=Philippe|last5=Bacon|first5=Anne-Marie|last6=Ponche|first6=Jean-Luc|last7=Wu|first7=Xiujie|last8=Sayavongkhamdy|first8=Thongsa|last9=Zhao|first9=Jian-Xin|last10=Barnes|first10=Lani|last11=Boyon|first11=Marc|last12=Sichanthongtip|first12=Phonephanh|last13=Sénégas|first13=Frank|last14=Karpoff|first14=Anne-Marie|last15=Patole-Edoumba|first15=Elise|last16=Coppens|first16=Yves|last17=Braga|first17=José|last18=Macchiarelli|first18=Roberto|title=Early Modern Humans and Morphological Variation in Southeast Asia: Fossil Evidence from Tam Pa Ling, Laos|journal=PLOS ONE|date=2015|volume=10|issue=4|pages=e0121193|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0121193|pmid=25849125|pmc=4388508|bibcode=2015PLoSO..1021193D|doi-access=free}}

| Homo sapiens

| 2009

| Laos

|

|

!

! Name

! Age (ka)

! Species

! Date
discovered

! Country

! Discovered by

! Now located at

| Mungo Man

| 50±10

| Homo sapiens

| 1974

| Australia

|

|

| Mt. Circeo 1{{cite web|url=http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/circeo.html|title=Modernhumanorigins.net|website=www.modernhumanorigins.net|access-date=2007-03-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110530004548/http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/circeo.html|archive-date=2011-05-30|url-status=usurped}}

| 50±10

| Homo neanderthalensis

| 1939

| Italy

| Prof. Blanc

|

| 49.2±2.5{{cite journal | last1 = Torres | first1 = T. | display-authors = etal | year = 2010 | title = Dating of the hominid Homo neanderthalensis remains accumulation from El Sidrón Cave Piloña, Asturias, North Spain: an example of multi-methodological approach to the dating of Upper Pleistocene sites | journal = Archaeometry | volume = 52 | issue = 4 | pages = 680–705 | doi = 10.1111/j.1475-4754.2009.00491.x | s2cid = 140163071 | url = https://oa.upm.es/4298/ | hdl = 1885/37039 | hdl-access = free }}

| Homo neanderthalensis

| 1994

| Sidrón Cave, Spain

|

|

|Simanya Neanderthals{{Cite journal |last1=Morales |first1=Juan I. |last2=Cebrià |first2=Artur |last3=Soto |first3=María |last4=Rodríguez-Hidalgo |first4=Antonio |last5=Hernando |first5=Raquel |last6=Moreno-Ribas |first6=Elena |last7=Lombao |first7=Diego |last8=Rabuñal |first8=José R. |last9=Martín-Perea |first9=David M. |last10=García-Tabernero |first10=Antonio |last11=Allué |first11=Ethel |last12=García-Basanta |first12=Andrea |last13=Lizano |first13=Esther |last14=Marquès-Bonet |first14=Tomàs |last15=Talamo |first15=Sahra |date=2023 |title=A new assemblage of late Neanderthal remains from Cova Simanya (NE Iberia) |journal=Frontiers in Earth Science |volume=11 |doi=10.3389/feart.2023.1230707 |bibcode=2023FrEaS..1130707M |issn=2296-6463 |doi-access=free |hdl=10230/58416 |hdl-access=free }}

|49-42

|Homo neanderthalensis

|1978-1979, 2022

|Simanya cave, Spain

|Miguel Aznar

|Archaeology Museum of Catalonia

| Callao Man
(CCH6a–e)

| 49.6±1.2{{cite journal| author1= Rainer Grün| author2= Chris Stringer | url= https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379123004274/pdfft?md5=100788ed2ba65a9d9ec703067d360f27&pid=1-s2.0-S0277379123004274-main.pdf

| title= Direct dating of human fossils and the ever-changing story of human evolution | doi= 10.1016/j.quascirev.2023.108379

| journal= Quaternary Science Reviews | volume= 322 | year= 2023 | issue= 108379 | issn= 0277-3791 }}

| Homo luzonensis

| 2011–2015

| Callao Cave, Philippines

| Florent Détroit & Armand Mijares

|

| Tabon tibia
(IV-2000-T-197)

| 47±11

| Homo sapiens

| 2000

| Tabon Caves, Philippines

|

| National Museum of Anthropology{{cite web| url= https://www.nationalmuseum.gov.ph/our-collections/archaeology/fossils/ | title= Fossils – Archaeology | publisher= National Museum of the Philippines | access-date= 4 March 2025 }}

| Ust'-Ishim man

| 45

| Homo sapiens

| 2008

| Russia

| Nikolai Peristov

|

| 43.5±2.5

| Homo sapiens

| 1927

| UK

|

|

| 43

| Homo sapiens

| 1950

| Czech Republic

|

|

| 40.5±1.5

| Homo sapiens

| 2007

| China

|

|

| Amud 1{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20110424045839/http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/amud1.html Article title]}} Amud 1 Image at Modern Human Origins

| 41{{cite web | publisher = Museum of Science, Boston, US | title = Human evolution: interpreting evidence | access-date = July 27, 2012 | url = http://www.mos.org/evolution/fossils/fossilview.php?fid=54 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20040502010552/http://www.mos.org/evolution/fossils/fossilview.php?fid=54 | url-status = dead | archive-date = May 2, 2004 }}

| Homo neanderthalensis

| 1961

| Israel

| Hisashi Suzuki

|

| Neanderthal 1{{cite web|url=http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/neanderthal1.html|title=Modernhumanorigins.net|website=www.modernhumanorigins.net|access-date=2007-03-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100620070340/http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/neanderthal1.html|archive-date=2010-06-20|url-status=usurped}}

| 40

| Homo neanderthalensis

| 1856

| Germany

| Johann Carl Fuhlrott

|

| Denisova hominin (X-Woman)

| 40

| Homo sp. Altai

| 2008

| Russia

| Johannes Krause, et al.

|

| hominin toe bone

| 40

| Homo sp. Altai (possible Neanderthal–Denisovan hybrid)

| 2010

| Russia

|

|

| Oase 1

| 42–37{{cite journal | last1 = Fu | first1 = Q. | display-authors = etal | year = 2015| title = An early modern human from Romania with a recent Neanderthal ancestor | journal = Nature | volume = 524 | issue = 7564| pages = 216–219 | doi = 10.1038/nature14558 | pmc = 4537386 | bibcode = 2015Natur.524..216F | pmid = 26098372 }}

| Homo sapiens (EEMH x Neanderthal hybrid)

| 2002

| Romania

|

|

| 40–37Синицын, А. А., Исследование памятников древнейшего этапа верхнего палеолита Восточной Европы. Раскопки стоянки Костенки-14 (Маркина Гора), Институт истории материальной культуры РАН, 2004.

{{cite journal | doi = 10.1126/science.aaa0114 | volume=346 | title=Genomic structure in Europeans dating back at least 36,200 years | year=2014 | journal=Science | pages=1113–1118 | last1 = Seguin-Orlando | first1 = A. | issue=6213 | bibcode=2014Sci...346.1113S | pmid=25378462| s2cid=206632421 | url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/246496 }}

| Homo sapiens (EEMH)

| 1954

| Russia

|

|

| 37.30±0.83

| Homo neanderthalensis

| 1994

| Sidrón Cave, Spain

|

|

| 37

| Homo sapiens

| 2012

| Sri Lanka

|

|

| Hofmeyr Skull

| 36

| Homo sapiens

| 1952

| South Africa

|

|

| Wadjak 1{{cite journal|journal = Archaeology in Oceania | volume = 27 | issue = 1 | year = 1992 | pages = 37–46 | title = The many faces of Wadjak man | first1 = Paul | last1 = Storm | first2 = Andrew | last2 = Nelson | jstor=40386932 | doi=10.1002/j.1834-4453.1992.tb00281.x}}

| 33±4.5Wadjak 1 and Wadjak 2 are fossil human skulls discovered near Wajak, a town in Malang Regency, East Java, Indonesia in 1888/90.

Dubbed "Wajak Man", and formerly classified as a separate species (Homo wadjakensis), the skulls are now recognized as early anatomically modern human. They were dated to the Holocene, 12 to 5 ka, in the 1990s, but this has been revised in a 2013 study which claimed a far earlier date, "a minimum age of between 37.4 and 28.5 ka".

{{cite journal | doi = 10.1016/j.jhevol.2012.11.002 | volume=64 | title=U-series and radiocarbon analyses of human and faunal remains from Wajak, Indonesia | year=2013 | journal=Journal of Human Evolution | pages=356–365 | last1 = Storm | first1 = Paul | last2 = Wood | first2 = Rachel | last3 = Stringer | first3 = Chris | last4 = Bartsiokas | first4 = Antonis | last5 = de Vos | first5 = John | last6 = Aubert | first6 = Maxime | last7 = Kinsley | first7 = Les | last8 = Grün | first8 = Rainer| issue=5 | pmid=23465338 | bibcode=2013JHumE..64..356S }}

J. Krigbaum in: Habu et al. (eds), Handbook of East and Southeast Asian Archaeology (2017), [https://books.google.com/books?id=ilxCDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA314 p. 314].

| Homo sapiens (proto-AustraloidPeter Bellwood, Prehistory of the Indo-Malaysian Archipelago: Revised Edition (2007), [https://books.google.com/books?id=4obAfGBGKY0C&pg=PA86 86ff.])

| 1888

| Indonesia

|

|

| Red Lady of Paviland

| 33

| Homo sapiens

| 1823

| Wales, UK

| William Buckland

|

| 32

| Homo sapiens

| 1962

| Japan

|

|

| Engis 2

| 40±10{{cite web|url=http://www.boneandstone.com/neandertal/neandertal_descriptions.html|title=Descriptions of Fossil Neandertals |first=fran|last=adams|website=www.boneandstone.com}}

| Homo neanderthalensis

| 1829

| Belgium

| Philippe-Charles Schmerling

|

| Gibraltar 1

| 40±10

| Homo neanderthalensis

| 1848

| Gibraltar

| Captain Edmund Flint

|

| Le Moustier

| 40±10

| Homo neanderthalensis

| 1909

| France

|

|

| Denisovan tooth

| 40±10

| Homo sp. Altai

| 2000

| Russia

|

|

| 38.9–92

| Uncertain, possibly Homo neanderthalensis

|

| Serbia

|

|

| 31–29

| Uncertain, possibly Homo sapiens

|

| Serbia

|

|

| 31.63

| Homo sapiens

|

| Russia

|

|

| Sungir I

| 30.25±0.25

| Homo sapiens

|

| Russia

|

|

| Cro-Magnon 1

| 30

| Homo sapiens (EEMH)

| 1868

| France

| Louis Lartet

|

| WLH-50

| 29±5

| Homo sapiens

| 1982

| Australia

|

|

|29

|Homo sapiens

|2025

|Khao Sam Roi Yot, Thailand{{cite web | title= 29,000-Year-Old Ice Age Human Skeleton "Pangpond" Discovered in Prachuap Khiri Khan | url= https://thailand.prd.go.th/en/content/page/index/id/368036# | date= 25 February 2025 | access-date= 8 March 2025 }}

|

|

| Predmost 3{{cite web|url=http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/predmosti3.html|title=Modernhumanorigins.net|website=www.modernhumanorigins.net|access-date=2007-03-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606184738/http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/predmosti3.html|archive-date=2013-06-06|url-status=usurped}}

| 26

| Homo sapiens

| 1894

| Czech Republic

| Karel Jaroslav Maška

|

| 24.5

| Homo neanderthalensis
or
Homo sapiens

| 1998

| Portugal

| João Zilhão

|

| 24

| Homo sapiens

| 1997

| Wales, UK

|

|

| MA-1 (Mal'ta boy)

| 24

| Homo sapiens (ANE)

| 1920s

| Russia

|

|

| Abri Pataud Woman

| 20.6

| Homo sapiens

|

| France

|

|

| Minatogawa 1

| 17±1

| Homo sapiens

| 1970

| Japan

|

| Anthropology Museum, Tokyo University

| 17

| Homo sapiens

| 1967

| Australia

| Duncan Merrilees

|

| Tabon skull cap
(P-XIII-T-288)

| 16.5±2

| Homo sapiens

| 1962

| Tabon Caves, Philippines

| Robert B. Fox

| National Museum of Anthropology{{r|nmp-tabon}}

| Gough's Cave{{cite journal |url=http://www.ubss.org.uk/resources/proceedings/vol17/UBSS_Proc_17_2_145-152.pdf |first=C. B. |last=Stringer |year=1985 |title=The hominid remains from Gough's Cave |journal=Proceedings of the University of Bristol Spelaeological Society |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=145–52 |access-date=2011-05-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110233656/http://www.ubss.org.uk/resources/proceedings/vol17/UBSS_Proc_17_2_145-152.pdf |archive-date=2013-11-10 |url-status=dead }}{{Cite news |first=Robin |last=McKie |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2010/jun/20/ice-age-cannibals-britain-earliest-settlers |title=Bones from a Cheddar Gorge cave show that cannibalism helped Britain's earliest settlers survive the ice age |work=The Observer |publisher=Guardian |date=June 20, 2010 |access-date=2012-10-15}}

| 14.7

| Homo sapiens

| 2010

| UK

|

|

| Iwo Eleru skull

| 13{{cite web | publisher = Natural History Museum, London| title = Mystery of a West African skull from 13,000 years ago | access-date = July 27, 2012 | url = http://www.nhm.ac.uk/about-us/news/2011/september/mystery-of-a-west-african-skull-from-13000-years-ago103799.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120802165239/http://www.nhm.ac.uk/about-us/news/2011/september/mystery-of-a-west-african-skull-from-13000-years-ago103799.html | archive-date = 2012-08-02 | url-status = dead }}

| Homo sapiens

| 1965

| Nigeria

|

|

| 13

| Homo sapiens (CHG)

|

| Kotias Klde cave, Georgia

|

|

| 13{{cite web|publisher=National Park Service|title=Arlington Man|first=John|last=Johnson|access-date=December 25, 2014|url=https://www.nps.gov/chis/learn/historyculture/arlington.htm}}

| Homo sapiens

| 1959

| United States

| Phil Orr

|

| Chancelade find

| 14.5±2.5{{cite book|last1=Leroy-Gourhan|first1=Michel Brézillon; preface by André|title=Dictionnaire de la préhistoire|date=1969|publisher=Larousse|location=Paris|isbn=978-2-03-075437-5|edition=Ed. rev. & corr.}}

| Homo sapiens

| 1888

| France

|

|

| Villabruna 1

| 14

| Homo sapiens (WHG)

| 1988

| Italy

|

|

|Bonn-Oberkassel double burial{{Cite journal |last1=Neubauer |first1=Simon |last2=Hublin |first2=Jean-Jacques |last3=Gunz |first3=Philipp |date=2018 |title=The evolution of modern human brain shape |journal=Science Advances |language=en |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=eaao5961 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.aao5961 |issn=2375-2548 |pmc=5783678 |pmid=29376123|bibcode=2018SciA....4.5961N }}

|14-13

|Homo sapiens

|1914{{Cite book |last=VERWORN |first=Max |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AqMRMwEACAAJ |title=Der Diluviale Menschenfund Von Obercassel Bei Bonn. Bearbeitet M. Verworn, R. Bonnet und G. Steinmann, Etc |date=1919 |language=de}}

|Germany

|

|

| Bichon man

| 13.7

| Homo sapiens (WHG)

| 1956

| Switzerland

|

|

| Red Deer Cave

| 13±1.5

| Homo sapiens

| 1979

| China

| Darren Curnoe?

|

!

! Name

! Age (ka)

! Culture /
association

! Year
discovered

! Country

| Luzia

| 11.5{{cite web|url=http://www.cabrillo.edu/~crsmith/luzia.html|title=Who Was First? Untangling America's Prehistoric Roots|publisher=Discovery Communications Inc.|author=C. Smith|year=1999|access-date=July 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071224150030/http://www.cabrillo.edu/~crsmith/luzia.html|archive-date=December 24, 2007|url-status=dead}}

| Paleo-Indian

| 1975

| Brazil

| Cerro Sota 2{{cite book | publisher = Cornell University|location= New York | title = Travels and Archeology in South Chile | access-date = August 21, 2013 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=RxLqTBkW42oC&q=%22Cerro+Sota%22+chile+skull&pg=PA214| isbn = 978-1587290145 | year= 1988 | last1 = Bird | first1 = Junius B. | last2 = Bird | first2 = Margaret }}

| 11

|

| 1936

| Chile

| 10

| Caucasian Epipaleolithic (CHG)

|

| Georgia

|Yaho skull{{Cite journal |date=1966 |title=An Early Hominid From Chad |url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/200776 |journal=Current Anthropology |language=en |volume=7 |issue=5 |pages=584–585 |doi=10.1086/200776 |s2cid=143549941 |issn=0011-3204|url-access=subscription }}

|10?

|

|1961

|Chad

| Kow Swamp 1

| 13–9

|

| 1968

| Australia

| Talgai Skull{{Cite journal |last1=Allen |first1=Jim |title=The Curious History of the Talgai Skull |journal=Bulletin of the History of Archaeology |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=4 |issn=2047-6930 |doi=10.5334/bha.20202 |year=2010 |doi-access=free }}

| {{val|10|1}}

|

| 1886

| Australia

| La Brea Woman

| 10 (8000 BC)

| Paleo-Indian

| 1914

| United States

| Combe Capelle

| 9.6 (7600 BC){{cite news |last=Seidler |first=Christoph |title=Forscher entzaubern Steinzeitmann |url=http://www.spiegel.de/wissenschaft/mensch/0,1518,744424,00.html |work=Der Spiegel |access-date=2012-04-19 |date=9 February 2011 |language=de }}

| European Mesolithic

| 1909

| France

| Between 9500 BP and 7000 BP, with caution, 6390 BP{{cite web |last1=Vialet |first1=Amélie |last2=André |first2=Lucile |last3=Aoudia |first3=Louiza |title=The Fossil Man from Asselar (present-day Mali). Critical study, historical perspective and new interpretations |url=https://coek.info/pdf%2Dlhomme%2Dfossile%2Ddasselar%2Dactuel%2Dmali%2Detude%2Dcritique%2Dmise%2Den%2Dperspective%2Dhistoriqu.html |website=Kundoc |publisher=Anthropology}}

| Neolithic

| 1927

| Mali

| Cheddar Man

| 9 (7000 BC)

| British Mesolithic

| 1903

| United Kingdom

| Kennewick Man

| 9 (7000 BC)

| Archaic period (North America)

| 1996

| United States

|Barum Woman

|8.8 (6800 BC)

|European Mesolithic

|1939

|Sweden

| Tepexpan man

| {{val|8|3}}

| Paleo-Indian

| 1947

| Mexico

| Loschbour manThe identification of the WHG component in modern populations is based on the analysis of the genome of a Mesolithic hunter-gatherer buried c. 8000 years ago in the Loschbour rock shelter in Müllerthal, near Heffingen, Luxembourg. {{cite journal | doi = 10.1038/nature13673 | bibcode=2014Natur.513..409L | volume=513 | title=Ancient human genomes suggest three ancestral populations for present-day Europeans | year=2014 | journal=Nature | pages=409–413 | last1 = Lazaridis | first1 = Iosif| issue=7518 | hdl=11336/30563 | hdl-access=free | pmid=25230663 | pmc=4170574 | arxiv=1312.6639 }}.

| 8 (6000 BC)

| European Mesolithic (WHG)

| 1935

| Luxembourg

| Minnesota Woman

| {{val|7.9|0.1}} (5900 BC)

| Paleo-Indian

| 1931

| Minnesota, United States

| {{val|7.5|1.5}}Lo 4b is the best preserved skull out of a sample of 30 fully modern skeletons of the period 9–6 ka, found at Lothagam, West Turkana, Kenya, excavated between 1965 and 1975. Joseph F. Powell, The First Americans (2005),

[https://books.google.com/books?id=VpiKZJOhBq8C&pg=PA169 169].

|

| 1965–1975

| Kenya

| Bessé’{{Cite journal|last1=Carlhoff|first1=Selina|last2=Duli|first2=Akin|last3=Nägele|first3=Kathrin|last4=Nur|first4=Muhammad|last5=Skov|first5=Laurits|last6=Sumantri|first6=Iwan|last7=Oktaviana|first7=Adhi Agus|last8=Hakim|first8=Budianto|last9=Burhan|first9=Basran|last10=Syahdar|first10=Fardi Ali|last11=McGahan|first11=David P.|date=2021-08-26|title=Genome of a middle Holocene hunter-gatherer from Wallacea|journal=Nature|language=en|volume=596|issue=7873|pages=543–547|doi=10.1038/s41586-021-03823-6|issn=0028-0836|pmc=8387238|pmid=34433944|bibcode=2021Natur.596..543C}}

| 7.3–7.2

| Toalean

| 2015

| Sulawesi, Indonesia

| Ötzi

| 5.3 (3230 BC)

| European Neolithic

| 1991

| Ötztal Alps, Italy