List of asanas#Asanas

{{short description|List of postures in hatha yoga and yoga as exercise}}

File:'Bodhisattva Manjusri and Prajnaparamita', Nepal, c. 1575, Norton Simon Museum.JPG, lotus pose, used for meditation. Gilt bronze statue of Bodhisattva Manjusri and Prajnaparamita, Nepal, c. 1575]]

An asana (Sanskrit: आसन, IAST: āsana) is a body posture, used in both medieval hatha yoga and modern yoga.{{sfn|Singleton|2010|pp=4–5}} The term is derived from the Sanskrit word for 'seat'. While many of the oldest mentioned asanas are indeed seated postures for meditation, asanas may be standing, seated, arm-balances, twists, inversions, forward bends, backbends, or reclining in prone or supine positions. The asanas have been given a variety of English names by competing schools of yoga.{{sfn|Murugan|2012}}

The traditional number of asanas is the symbolic 84, but different texts identify different selections, sometimes listing their names without describing them.{{cite book |last1=Bühnemann |first1=Gudrun |title=Eighty-Four Asanas in Yoga: A Survey of Traditions |date=2007 |publisher=D. K. Printworld |location=New Delhi |isbn=978-8124604175 |url=https://archive.org/details/EightyFourAsanasInYogaGudrunBuhnemann_201801 |pages=47, 151 }}{{efn|name=symbolism|84's symbolism may derive from its astrological and numerological properties: it is the product of 7, the number of planets in astrology, and 12, the number of signs of the zodiac, while in numerology, 7 is the sum of 3 and 4, and 12 is the product, i.e. 84 is (3+4)×(3×4).{{cite book |last=Rosen |first=Richard |author-link=Richard Rosen (yoga teacher) |title=Yoga FAQ: Almost Everything You Need to Know about Yoga-from Asanas to Yamas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0oBPDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA171 |year=2017 |publisher=Shambhala |isbn=978-0-8348-4057-7 |pages=171–}}}} Some names have been given to different asanas over the centuries, and some asanas have been known by a variety of names, making tracing and the assignment of dates difficult.{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=59}} For example, the name Muktasana is now given to a variant of Siddhasana with one foot in front of the other, but has also been used for Siddhasana and other cross-legged meditation poses.{{cite web |title=Muktasana |url=https://www.yogapedia.com/definition/7190/muktasana |publisher=Yogapedia |access-date=23 November 2018}} As another example, the headstand is now known by the 20th century name Shirshasana, but an older name for the pose is Kapalasana.{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=57}} Sometimes, the names have the same meaning, as with Bidalasana and Marjariasana, both meaning Cat Pose.{{sfn|Lidell|1983|p=166}}

Affixes

Variations on the basic asanas are indicated by Sanskrit affixes including the following:

- class= "wikitable"

! English

! Sanskrit

! Meaning

! Example

Adho

|अधो

|downward

| Adho Mukha Shvanasana (downward [facing] dog)

Ardha

|अर्ध

|half

| Ardha Padmasana (half lotus)

Baddha

|बद्ध

|bound

| Baddha Konasana (bound angle)

Dvi

|द्वि

|two

| Dvi Pada Kaundinyasana (two-legged Kaundinya)

Eka

|एक

|one

| Eka Pada Shirshasana (one-legged headstand)

Parsva

|पार्श्व

|side

| Parsva Bakasana (side crane)

Parivritta

|परिवृत्त

|revolved

| Parivritta Trikonasana (reverse triangle)

Prasarita

|प्रसारित

|spread out

| Prasarita Padottanasana (wide stance forward bend)

Salamba

| सालम्ब

|supported

| Salamba Shirshasana (supported headstand)

Supta

|सुप्त

|supine, reclining

| Supta Virasana (reclining hero)

Upavishta

|उपविष्ठ

|seated

| Upavishta Konasana (wide-angle seated forward bend)

Urdhva

|ऊर्ध्व

|upwards

| Urdhva Dhanurasana (upwards bow)

Utthita

|उत्थित

|extended

| Utthita Parsvakonasana (extended side angle)

Viparita

|विपरीत

|inverted

| Viparita Dandasana (inverted staff)

Asanas

A single asana is listed for each main pose, whether or not there are variations. Thus for Sirsasana (Yoga headstand), only one pose is illustrated, although the pose can be varied by moving the legs apart sideways or front-and-back, by lowering one leg to the floor, by folding the legs into lotus posture, by turning the hips to one side, by placing the hands differently on the ground, and so on. Iyengar's 1966 Light on Yoga lists 15 variations on the basic headstand, including for instance the combined variation Parivrttaikapada Sirsasana in which not only are the hips revolved but the legs are apart front-and-back.{{sfn|Iyengar|1979|pp=179-205}} Since then, variations of many other poses have been created; their names are not listed here.{{cite web |last1=McCrary |first1=Meagan |title=#YJ40: 10 Poses Younger Than Yoga Journal |url=https://www.yogajournal.com/lifestyle/10-poses-younger-yoga-journal |publisher=Yoga Journal |date=15 July 2015 |quote=Once you learn how the fundamental poses work anatomically then it's very natural to start to play with breaking them apart and putting them back together differently ... You won't find this playful variation of Warrior II Pose in Light on Yoga.}} Yin Yoga names are for the equivalent Yin variants; these are usually somewhat different from the conventional (Yang) poses.

Indian texts are "notoriously difficult to date".{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|p=xxxix}} The table shows the approximate date and abbreviated title of the earliest document or authority to describe that asana (not only naming it), as follows:

AS = Ahirbudhnya Saṃhitā, c. 7th century
BaH = Bahr al-Hayāt, 17th century
DU = Darśana Upaniṣad, c. 4th century
GhS = Gheraṇḍa Saṃhitā, 17th century
GS = Gorakṣaśataka, 10th century
HAP = Hațhābhyāsapaddhati, 18th century
HR = Haṭha Ratnāvali, 17th century
HY = Hemacandra's Yogaśāstra, 11th century
HYP = Haṭha Yoga Pradīpikā, 15th century
JP = Joga Pradīpikā, 18th century
LoY = Light on Yoga, 1966
PL = Post-Light on Yoga{{efn|PL, Post-Light on Yoga poses, are marked as '21st C.' to sort late 20th as well as 21st century asanas after TK and LoY.}}
PSV = Pātañjalayogaśāstravivaraṇa, 8th century
ShS = Śiva Saṃhitā, 14th century
ST = Śrītattvanidhi, 19th century
TB = Theos Bernard, 1950
TK = Tirumalai Krishnamacharya, c. 1940
V = Vimānārcanākalpa, 10th century
VM = Vivekamārtaṇḍa, 13th century
VS = Vāsiṣṭha Saṁhitā, 13th century

class= "wikitable sortable"

! Asana

! Sanskrit

! English

! Type

! Effect on spine

! Suitable for meditation

! Described{{efn|Sjoman notes that the names of asanas have been used "promiscuous[ly]", making their history difficult to trace: the presence of matching names is not proof of continuity, since the same name may mean a different pose, and a pose may have been known by other names at different times.{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=59}} The dates here are therefore based on documents which provide actual descriptions of the asanas.}}

! Yin Yoga variant{{sfn|Powers|2008|p=195}}{{efn|The Yin Yoga variants are similar but not identical to their 'Yang' equivalents.{{sfn|Powers|2008|p=195}}}}

! class="unsortable" |Image

Adho Mukha Shvanasana{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=147}}

| अधोमुखश्वानासन

| Downward-Facing Dog

| Standing

| Forward bend

| 20th C. TK{{sfn|Singleton|2010|pp=205-206}}
18th C. HAP (in dynamic pose "Gajāsana"){{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|p=125}}

| File:Ado-muka-shvanasana.jpg

Adho Mukha Vrikshasana{{sfn|Lidell|1983|p=142}}

| अधोमुखवृक्षासन

| Downward-Facing Tree,
Yoga Handstand

| Balancing

| 18th C. HAP{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|p=124}}

| File:Rocket-yoga-13 handstand (cropped).jpg

Akarna Dhanurasana{{sfn|Saraswati|1996|p=137}}

| आकर्णधनुरासन

| Shooting bow,
Archer,
Bow and arrow

| Sitting

| 19th C. ST{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=84}} (as Dhanurāsana)

| File:Akarna Dhanurasana.jpg

Anantasana{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=87}}

| अनन्तासन

| Ananta's pose,
Vishnu's Couch pose

| Reclining

| 20th C. LoY{{sfn|Iyengar|1979|pp=246-247}}

| File:Anantasana wfs.jpg

Anjaneyasana{{cite journal |last1=Steiner |first1=Ronald |title=Anjaneyāsana - Learning devotion from Hanuman |journal=Yoga Aktuell |date=June 2015 |issue=92 June/July 2015 |url=https://www.ashtangayoga.info/practice/inspiration-for-your-practice/180524-anjaneyasana/ |access-date=23 January 2019 |language=de}}

| अञ्जनेयासन

| Crescent Moon{{sfn|Lidell|1983|pp=132–133}}

| Standing

| Backbend

| 20th C.{{sfn|Lidell|1983|pp=132-133}}

| Dragon

| File:Ardha urdhwa bhujangasana.jpg

Ardha Chandrasana{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=30}}

| अर्धचन्द्रासन

| Half moon

| Standing

| 20th C. LoY{{sfn|Iyengar|1979|pp=74-76}}

| File:Ardha-Chandrasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpg

Ashtanga Namaskara{{sfn|Singleton|2010|pp=205–206}}

| अष्टाङ्ग नमस्कार

| Eight-Limbed Salutation
Caterpillar

| Reclining

| 20th C. TK{{sfn|Singleton|2010|pp=205–206}}

| File:Ashtanga Namaskara (cropped).JPG

Astavakrasana{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=128}}

| अष्टावक्रासन

| Aṣṭāvakra's pose,
Eight-angled

| Balancing

| 20th C. LoY{{sfn|Iyengar|1979|pp=276-278}}

|File:Astavakrasana.jpg

Baddha Konasana{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=57}}
Bhadrasana{{cite web |title=How to do Bhadrasana? |url=http://theyogainstitute.org/how-to-do-bhadrasana/ |publisher=The Yoga Institute |access-date=5 January 2019 |date=3 August 2018}}

|बद्धकोणासन

| Bound angle,
Cobbler's pose

| Sitting

| Meditation

| 15th C. HYP
17th C. GhS

| Butterfly

|File:Baddha konasana.jpg

Bakasana{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=130}}
Kakasana{{sfn|Lidell|1983|p=60}}

| बकासन,
ककासन

| Crane (arms straight)
Crow (arms bent)

| Balancing

| 17th C. HR{{sfn|Srinivasa|2002|pp=98–122 asanas listed; Figures of asanas in unnumbered pages between pages 153 and 154; asanas named but not described in text listed on pages 157–159}}

| File:Kakasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpg

Balasana{{sfn|Lidell|1983|p=39}}

|बालासन

| Child

| Sitting

| 20th C. TK{{cite web |title=Balasana - Child Pose |url=http://akashayogaacademy.com/inspiration/teachings/asanas/child-pose/ |publisher=Akasha Yoga |access-date=13 January 2019}}
19th C. ST Ananda Balasana (as Kandukasana){{sfn|Sjoman|1999|pp=15, 70; plate 1 (pose 6)}}

| Child's

| File:Balasana.JPG

Bhairavasana
Ankushasana{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=69}}

| भैरवासन
अण्कुशासन

| Formidable

| Reclining

| 19th C. ST{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=69}}

| File:Ankusasana from Sritattvanidhi (cropped).jpg

Bharadvajasana{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=77}}

| भरद्वाजासन

| Bharadvaja's twist

| Sitting

| Twist

| 20th C. LoY{{sfn|Iyengar|1979|pp=251-254}}

| Seated Twist

| File:Bharadvajasana1 (cropped).JPG

Bhekasana{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=86}}

| भेकासन

| Frog

| Reclining

| Backbend

| 20th C. LoY{{sfn|Iyengar|1979|pp=126-128}}

| File:Bhekasana1.JPG

Bhujangasana{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=93}}

| भुजङ्गासन

| Cobra

| Reclining

| Backbend

| 17th C. GhS 2.42{{sfn|Mallinson|2004|pp=16–17}}{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=76}}

| Seal, Sphinx

| File:Bhujangasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpg

Bhujapidasana{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=129}}

| भुजपीडासन

| Arm-pressing posture

| Balancing

| 20th C. LoY{{sfn|Iyengar|1979|pp=280-282}}

| Snail

| File:Bhujapidasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpg

Bidalasana{{sfn|Lidell|1983|p=166}}
Marjariasana{{cite web |title=Cat Pose – Marjariasana |url=http://akashayogaacademy.com/inspiration/teachings/asanas/cat-pose/ |publisher=Akasha Yoga |access-date=13 January 2019}}

| बिडालासन
मार्जरीआसन

| Cat

| Kneeling

| Backbend

| 20th C. T.K.V. Desikachar, Satyananda Saraswati

| File:Yoga at Your Park - Bitilasana.jpg

Chaturanga Dandasana{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=89}}

| चतुरङ्गदण्डासन

| Four-Limbed Staff
Low Plank

| Reclining

| 20th C. TK{{sfn|Singleton|2010|pp=204-205}}

| File:Chaturanga-Dandasana low Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpg

Dandasana{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=52}}

| दण्डासन

| Staff

| Sitting

| 8th C. PSV{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|pp=97-99}}

| File:Dandasana yoga posture.jpg

Dhanurasana{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=94}}

| धनुरासन

| Bow

| Reclining

| Backbend

| 15th C. HYP 1.27

| File:Dhanurasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpg

Durvasasana{{sfn|Iyengar|1979|pp=299-302}}

| दुर्वासासन

| Durvasa's Pose

| Standing, Balancing

| 19th C. ST (as 'Trivikramasana'){{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=78}}

| File:Durvasasana from Sritattvanidhi.jpg

Garbha Pindasana{{sfn|Lidell|1983|pp=136–137}}

| गर्भासन

| Embryo in Womb

| Sitting

| 17th C. BaH

| File:Garbhasana.jpg

Garudasana{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=46}}

| गरुडासन

| Eagle

| Standing, Balancing

| 19th C. ST{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=75}}{{efn|GhS uses the name Garuḍāsana for a different pose.}}

|File:Garudasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpg

Gomukhasana{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=56}}

| गोमुखासन

| Cow-faced

| Sitting

| Meditation{{cite web |title=Gomukhasana (Cow Face Posture) |url=http://sivanandaonline.org/public_html/?cmd=displaysection§ion_id=1261 |publisher=The Divine Life Society |access-date=28 January 2019 |date=2011 |quote=Hence, this Asana is suitable for the practice of Pranayama. Ordinarily you can sit at all times in this Asana for long meditation also.}}

| 4th C. DU 3.3–4{{sfn|Ayyangar|1938|p=124}}{{sfn|Sriharisukesh|Pailoor|2019|pp=270–273}}
7th C. AS{{sfn|Sriharisukesh|Pailoor|2019|pp=270–273}}
10th C. V{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|pp=100-101}}
15th C. HYP 1.20
17th C. HR 3{{sfn|Srinivasa|2002|p=}}{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|pp=116-119}}{{sfn|Sriharisukesh|Pailoor|2019|pp=270–273}}

| Shoelace

|File:Gomukhasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpg

Gorakshasana

|गोरक्षासन

| Cowherd
Gorakhnath's pose

| Sitting

| Meditation

| 14th C. ShS 3.108-112
15th C. HYP 1.28-29
17th C. GhS 2.24-25

| File:Jogapradipika 22 Bhadragorakhasana (cropped).jpg

Halasana{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=110}}

| हलासन

| Plough

| Inversion

| Forward bend

| 19th C. ST{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=72}} (as Lāṇgalāsana, plough)
20th C. TB{{sfn|Bernard|2007|p=110}}

| File:Halasana.jpg

Hanumanasana{{sfn|Saraswati|1996|p=340}}

| हनुमनासन

| Hanuman's Pose

| Sitting

| 20th C. TK{{sfn|Singleton|2010|pp=60–63}}

| File:Hanumanasana - Hanuman's Posture - in Diagonal View.jpg

Janusirsasana{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=59}}

| जानुशीर्षासन

| Head-to-Knee

| Sitting

| Forward Bend

| 20th C. TK{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=49}}{{cite web |title=Head to Knee Pose – Janushirshasana |url=http://akashayogaacademy.com/inspiration/teachings/asanas/head-to-knee-pose/ |publisher=Akasha Yoga |access-date=13 January 2019}}

| File:Janusirsasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpg

Jathara Parivartanasana{{sfn|Iyengar|1979|pp=237–240}}

| ञटर परिवर्तनासन

| Belly twist

| Reclining

| Twist

| 20th C. LoY{{sfn|Iyengar|1979|pp=237–240}}

Kapotasana{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=144}}

| कपोतासन

| Pigeon

| Kneeling

| Backbend

| 20th C. LoY{{sfn|Iyengar|1979|pp=367-372}}

| File:Kapotasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpg

Karnapidasana{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=112}}

| कर्णपीडासन

| Ear-pressing

| Inversion

| Forward bend

| 20th C. TB{{sfn|Bernard|2007|p=111}} (as variant of Halasana); LoY{{sfn|Iyengar|1979|pp=220-221}}

| File:Karnapidasana.jpg

Kaundinyasana{{sfn|Iyengar|1979|p=276}}

| कौण्डिन्यसन

| Kaundinya's pose

| Balancing

| 20th C. LoY{{sfn|Iyengar|1979|pp=330-336}}

|File:Mr-yoga-two-legged-koundinya.jpg

Kraunchasana{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=62}}

| क्रौञ्चासन

| Heron

| Sitting

| 17th C. HR{{sfn|Srinivasa|2002|pp=98–122 asanas listed; Figures of asanas in unnumbered pages between pages 153 and 154; asanas named but not described in text listed on pages 157–159}}

Kukkutasana{{sfn|Lidell|1983|pp=136–137}}

| कुक्कुटासन

| Cockerel

| Balancing

| 7th C. AS{{cite web |last1=Mallinson |first1=James |author-link=James Mallinson (author) |title=A Response to Mark Singleton's Yoga Body by JamesMallinson |url=https://www.academia.edu/1146607 |access-date=4 January 2019 |date=9 December 2011}} revised from American Academy of Religions conference, San Francisco, 19 November 2011.
13th C. VS{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|pp=104–105}}
15th C. HYP 1.23
17th C. GhS 2.31{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=75}}

| File:Yoga shaktipat kukkutasana by alexey baykov.jpg

Kurmasana{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=68}}{{sfn|Lidell|1983|p=120}}

| कूर्मासन

| Tortoise

| Sitting

| Forward bend

| 7th C. AS

| File:Kūrmāsana - Tortoise Pose with Hands Facing Back.jpg

Lolasana{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=124}}

| लोलासन

| Pendant

| Balancing

| 20th C.{{efn|Not yet yoga in 1896 as Jhūla pose in Vyayama Dipika gymnastics book{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=55}}}}{{efn| LoY has the legs as in Gomukhasana, not in Padmasana.{{sfn|Iyengar|1979|pp=116}}}}

| File:Mr-yoga-pendant pose.jpg

Makarasana{{sfn|Saraswati|1996|p=90}}

| मकरासन

| Crocodile

| Reclining

| 17th C. GhS 2.40{{efn|LoY quotes and interprets GhS 2.40 as meaning a variant of Salabhasana, the legs stretched out and raised, the arms as GhS states on the head, also raised;{{sfn|Iyengar|1979|pp=100-101}} Saraswati has the head supported with elbows on the ground;{{sfn|Saraswati|1996|p=90}} a widespread modern form has feet and head on the ground.}}

| File:Makarasana Asana (Crocodile Posture).jpg

Malasana{{sfn|Iyengar|1979|pp=262-267}}

| मालासन

| Garland

| Squatting

| Forward bend

| 20th C. LoY{{sfn|Iyengar|1979|pp=262-267}}

| File:Mālāsana heel grab side.jpg

Mandukasana

| मन्दुकासन

| Frog

| Sitting

| 17th C. GhS{{sfn|Mallinson|2004|pp=16–17}}

Marichyasana{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|pp=63, 70, 73}}

| मरीच्यासन

| Marichi's Pose

| Sitting

| Twist

| 20th C. TK{{sfn|Krishnamacharya|2006|p=115}}

| File:Marichyasana....jpg

Matsyasana{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=83}}

| मत्स्यासन

| Fish

| Reclining

| Backbend

| 17th C. GhS 2.21

| Fish

| File:Matsyasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpg

Matsyendrasana{{sfn|Saraswati|1996|p=326}}

| मत्स्येन्द्रासन

| Lord of the Fishes
Matsyendra's pose

| Sitting

| Twist

| 15th C. HYP 1.28-29
17th C. GhS

| File:Ardha-Matsyendrasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpg

Mayurasana{{sfn|Lidell|1983|p=142}}

| मयूरासन

| Peacock

| Balancing

| 10th C. V{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|pp=100-101}}
15th C. HYP 1.33

| File:Peacock pose.jpg

Muktasana

| मुक्तासन

| Liberated

| Sitting

| Meditation

| 10th C. V{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|pp=100-101}}{{efn|Several sitting meditation poses have been called Muktasana.}}

| File:Samanasana.jpg

Natarajasana{{sfn|Lidell|1983|p=149}}

| नटराजासन

| Lord of the Dance
Dancer
Nataraja's Pose

| Standing

| Backbend

| 20th C. TK{{sfn|Goldberg|2016|p=223}}

| File:Natarajasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpg

Navasana
Naukasana{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=69}}

| नावासन,
परिपूर्णनावासन
नौकासन

| Boat

| Sitting

| Forward bend

| 19th C. ST{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=69}}

| File:Paripurna-Navasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpg

Padmasana{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=54}}

| पद्मासन

| Lotus

| Sitting

| Meditation{{sfn|Saraswati|1996|p=98}}

| 4th C. DU{{sfn|Ayyangar|1938|pp=124-127}}
8th C. PSV{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|pp=97-99}}

| File:Lotus pose.JPG

Parighasana{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=48}}

| परिघासन

| Gate

| Standing

| 20th C. TK{{sfn|Singleton|2010|pp=204-205}}

| File:Gate Pose (cropped).jpg

Parshvakonasana{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|pp=24-25}}

| पार्श्वकोणासन

| Side angle

| Standing

| 20th C. TK{{sfn|Singleton|2010|pp=204-205}}{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=49}}

| File:Utthita-Parshvakonasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpg

Parshvottanasana{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=40}}

| पार्श्वोत्तनासन

| Intense side stretch

| Standing

| 20th C. TK{{sfn|Singleton|2010|pp=204-205}}{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=49}}

| File:Parshvottanasana.jpg

Pashasana{{cite web |last1=(no byline) |title=Noose Pose |url=https://www.yogajournal.com/poses/noose-pose |publisher=Yoga Journal |access-date=11 November 2018 |date=28 August 2007}}

| पाशासन

| Noose

| Squatting

| Twist

| 19th C. ST{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=76}}

| File:Pasasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpg

Paschimottanasana{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=64}}

| पश्चिमोत्तानासन

| Seated Forward Bend

| Sitting

| Forward Bend

| 15th C. HYP 1:28{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=84}}
17th C. GhS 2:26{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=84}}

| Full Forward Bend, Caterpillar

| File:Paschimotanasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpg

Pincha Mayurasana{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=97}}

| पिञ्चमयूरासन

| Feathered Peacock

| Balancing

| 20th C. LoY{{sfn|Iyengar|1979|pp=285-287}}

| File:Ardha vrishkasana.jpg

Prasarita Padottanasana{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=42}}

| प्रसारित पादोत्तानासन

| Wide Stance Forward Bend

| Standing

| Forward bend

| 20th C. TK{{sfn|Singleton|2010|pp=204-205}}{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=49}}

| File:Practice (1) (16383984312).jpg

Rajakapotasana{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=143}}

| राजकपोतासन

| King Pigeon

| Sitting

| Backbend

| 20th C. LoY{{sfn|Iyengar|1979|pp=389-397}}

| Swan, Sleeping Swan

| File:Yoga shaktipat rajakapotasana by alexey baykov.jpg

Shalabhasana{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=92}}

| शलभासन

| Locust

| Reclining

| Backbend

| 20th C. TB{{sfn|Bernard|2007|p=114}}

| File:Salabhasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpg

Sarvangasana{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|pp=111–115}}

|सालम्बसर्वाङ्गासन

| Shoulder Stand

| Inversion

| 20th C. (this name); 19th C. as Viparita Karani in JP; 15th C. HYP

|File:Sarvangasana.jpg

Samakonasana{{sfn|Saraswati|1996|p=149}}

| समकोणासन

| Side splits

| Sitting

| 20th C. TK{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=49}}

| File:Samakonasana (Side Split) Szpagat poprzeczny.jpg

Shavasana{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=150}}

| शवासन

| Corpse

| Reclining

| 15th C. HYP 1.32{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=79}}

| Corpse

| File:Shavasana.jpg

Setu Bandha Sarvangasana{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|pp=116, 120–121}}

| सेतुबन्धसर्वाङ्गासन

| Shoulder supported bridge

| Inversion

| Backbend

| 19th C. ST, called Kāmapīṭhāsana{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|page=Plate 14}}

| File:Kamapithasana (Setubandhasana) from Sritattvanidhi.jpg

Siddhasana (men),
Siddha Yoni Asana (women){{sfn|Saraswati|1996|pp=100–103}}

| सिद्धासन

| Accomplished,
The Adept's Pose

| Sitting

| Meditation{{sfn|Saraswati|1996|pp=100–103}}

| 10th C. GS 1.10-12

| File:sidhasana.JPG

Simhasana{{sfn|Saraswati|1996|pp=106–107}}

| सिंहासन

| Lion

| Sitting

| Meditation{{sfn|Saraswati|1996|pp=106–107}}

| 4th C. DU{{sfn|Ayyangar|1938|pp=124-127}}
10th C. V{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|pp=100-101}}

| File:Simhasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpg

Shirshasana{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=98}}
Kapalasana{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=74}}

| शीर्षासन

| Headstand,
Yoga Headstand

| Inversion

| 11th C. HY{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|p=104}}(called Duryodhanāsana or Kapālīkarana)
14th C. ShS 4.45-47 (as Viparita Karani){{sfn|Bernard|2007|p=29}}
15th C. HYP 3.78-81 (ditto){{sfn|Bernard|2007|p=29}}
17th C. GhS 3.33-35 (ditto){{sfn|Bernard|2007|p=29}}
18th C. JP (as Kapala āsana)

|File:Shirshasana.jpg

Sukhasana{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=53}}

| सुखासन

| Easy

| Sitting

| Meditation{{sfn|Saraswati|1996|p=96}}

| 4th C. DU{{sfn|Larson|Bhattacharya|2008|pp=479, 599}}

| Easy

|File:Sukhasana.jpg

Supta Padangusthasana{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=88}}

| सुप्त पादाङ्गुष्ठासन

| Big toe supine

| Reclining

| 20th C. TK{{sfn|Singleton|2010|pp=204-205}}{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=49}}

| File:Ardha maerudhandaasana.jpg

Surya Namaskar{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|pp=146–147}}{{sfn|Lidell|1983|pp=34–35}}

| सुर्य नमस्कार

| Salute to the Sun
Sun Salutation

| Standing

| Forward bend,
backbend sequence

| 20th C. Rajah of Aundh,{{cite news |last1=Doctor |first1=Vikram |title=Bhawanrao Shrinivasrao Pant Pratinidhi: The man who promoted Surya Namaskar |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/bhawanrao-shrinivasrao-pant-pratinidhi-the-man-who-promoted-surya-namaskar/articleshow/64607546.cms |work=The Economic Times (India) |date=15 June 2018}} then TK{{sfn|Singleton|2010|pp=205-206}}

|File:1Pranamasana.JPG

Svastikasana{{sfn|Saraswati|1996|pp=103–104}}

| स्वस्तिकसन

| Auspicious
Lucky mark

| Sitting

| Meditation{{sfn|Saraswati|1996|pp=103–104}}

| 8th C. PSV{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|pp=97-99}}

| Square

| File:Jogapradipika 1 Svastikasana (detail).jpg

Tadasana{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=18}}

| ताडासन

| Mountain

| Standing

| 20th C. TK{{sfn|Singleton|2010|pp=204-205}}

| File:Tadasana - Yoga Art and Science.jpg

Tittibhasana{{sfn|Iyengar|1979|pp=308-309}}

| टिट्टिभासन

| Firefly

| Balancing

| 19th C. ST{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=76}} (as Mālāsana)

| File:Mr-yoga-firefly-pose-1.jpg

Trikonasana,
Utthita Trikonasana{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=22}}

|त्रिकोणासन,
उत्थित त्रिकोणासन

| Triangle

| Standing

| 20th C. TK{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|p=90}}

| File:Trikonasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpg

Trivikramasana{{sfn|Iyengar|1979|pp=356-357}}

| त्रिविक्रमासन

| Trivikrama's pose
Standing splits
Supta Trivikramasana (reclining variant)

| Standing, Balancing

| 13th - 18th C. in Bharatnatyam dance statues of Eastern Gopuram, Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram{{cite web |last1=Bhavanani |first1=Ananda Balayogi |last2=Bhavanani |first2=Devasena |title=Bharatanatyam and Yoga |url=http://www.dhdi.free.fr/recherches/horizonsinterculturels/articles/bharatanatyamyoga.htm |date=2001 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061023215608/http://www.dhdi.free.fr/recherches/horizonsinterculturels/articles/bharatanatyamyoga.htm |archive-date=23 October 2006}}

| File:Trivikramasana temple statue.JPG

Tulasana{{cite journal |last1=Ezraty |first1=Maty |title=Asana |journal=Yoga Journal |date=2002 |issue=January/February |pages=116–128 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O-oDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA124}}

|तुलासन

| Balance / Scales

| Balancing

| 20th C. LoY{{sfn|Iyengar|1979|pp=134-135}}

| File:Mr-yoga-scales-pose.jpg

Upavishta Konasana{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=65}}

| उपविष्टकोणासन

| Open Angle

| Sitting

| 20th C. TK{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=49}}

| Dragonfly

| File:Mr-yoga-seated-angle-pose.jpg

Urdhva Dhanurasana{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=138}}
Chakrasana

| ऊर्ध्वधनुरासन, चक्रासन

| Upwards-facing bow,
Wheel

| Inversion

| Backbend

| 19th C. ST{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=70}} (as Paryaṇkāsana)

| File:Chakrasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpg

Urdhva Mukha Shvanasana{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=91}}

| ऊर्ध्वमुखश्वानासन

| Upward-Facing Dog

| Reclining

| Backbend

| 20th C. TK{{sfn|Singleton|2010|pp=204-205}}

| File:Upward-facing dog pose.jpg

Ushtrasana{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|pp=134–135}}

| उष्ट्रासन

| Camel

| Kneeling

| Backbend

| 20th C. LoY{{sfn|Iyengar|1979|pp=87-88}}

| File:Ustrasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpg

Utkatasana{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=47}}

| उत्कटासन

| Awkward or Powerful

| Standing

| 15th C. HYP (squatting){{sfn|Sjoman|1999|pp=40–41, plate 17}}
17th C. GhS{{sfn|Mallinson|2004|pp=16–17}}

20th C. TK{{cite web |title=Utkatasana {{!}} Chair Pose |url=http://akashayogaacademy.com/inspiration/teachings/asanas/chair-pose/ |publisher=Akasha Yoga Academy |access-date=1 January 2019}} (chair-like)

| File:Utkatasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpg

Uttanasana{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=44}}

| उत्तानासन

| Standing Forward Bend

| Standing

| Forward bend

| 20th C. TB (as Padahastasana){{sfn|Bernard|2007|p=132}}; TK{{sfn|Singleton|2010|pp=204-205}}{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=49}}

| File:Uttanasana.jpg

Utthita Hastapadangusthasana{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=20}}

| उत्थित हस्तपादाङ्गुष्ठासन

| Standing Big Toe Hold
(I: leg to the side;
II: leg to the front{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=20}})

| Standing

| 20th C. TK{{sfn|Singleton|2010|pp=204-205}}{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=49}}

| File:Utthita-Hasta-Padangusthasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpg

Vajrasana{{sfn|Saraswati|1996|p=109}}

| वज्रासन

| Thunderbolt

| Kneeling

| Meditation{{cite web |title=Sitting Postures for Pranayama and Meditation |url=https://www.yogaindailylife.org/system/en/exercise-levels/sitting-postures-for-pranayama-and-meditation |website=Yoga in Daily Life |access-date=16 November 2018}}

| 17th C. GhS{{sfn|Mallinson|2004|pp=16–17}} (may mean Virasana{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=79}})

| File:Vajrasana.jpg

Vasishtasana{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|pp=126–127}}

| वसिष्ठासन

| Vasishta's pose,
Side plank

| Balancing

| 20th C. TK{{sfn|Singleton|2010|pp=200-205}}

| File:Yoga PLank.jpg

Viparita Dandasana{{sfn|Iyengar|1979|pp=373–379}}

| विपरीत दण्डासन

| Inverted Staff

| Inversion

| Backbend

| 20th C. TK?, LoY{{sfn|Iyengar|1979|pp=373–379}}

| File:Dwi Pada Viparita Dandasana.jpg

Viparita Karani{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=122}}
Uttanapadasana (variant)

| विपरीतकरणि

| Inverted practice
Legs up the wall

| Inversion

| 13th C. VM for pratyahara{{cite web |last=Westoby |first=Ruth |title=The Viveka-mārtaṇḍa on pratyāhāra in viparītakaraṇī with James Mallinson |url=https://sanskritreadingroom.wordpress.com/2019/10/11/withdrawing-the-senses-james-mallinson/ |publisher=SOAS, University of London |access-date=14 November 2020 |date=October 2019}}
14th C. ShS 4.45-47{{sfn|Bernard|2007|p=29}}
15th C. HYP 3.78-81{{sfn|Bernard|2007|p=29}}
17th C. GhS 3.33-35{{sfn|Bernard|2007|p=29}} and other texts{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|p=90}}{{efn|Viparita Karani is an inverted practice rather than an asana; the ShS, HYP and GhS descriptions suggest the actual posture used was a headstand.}}

| Legs-Up-the-Wall

| File:Viparita-Karani Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpg

Viparita Virabhadrasana{{cite web |last1=McCrary |first1=Meagan |title=#YJ40: 10 Poses Younger Than Yoga Journal |url=https://www.yogajournal.com/lifestyle/10-poses-younger-yoga-journal |publisher=Yoga Journal |date=15 July 2015 |quote=Reverse Warrior {{!}} You won't find this playful variation of Warrior II Pose in Light on Yoga.}}

| विपरीतवीरभद्रासन

| Reversed Warrior{{efn|This is a well-documented example of a post-Light on Yoga (1966) pose, created as a variation of the 20th century Warrior poses. Hundreds of less common variations of other poses have been created in the same time frame.}}

| Standing

| 21st C. PL

| File:Reverse warrior pose.jpg

Virabhadrasana I{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=26}}

| वीरभद्रासन

| Warrior I

| Standing

| 20th C. TK{{cite web |title=Virabhadrasana or Warrior Pose |date=2 August 2016 |url=http://bahiranga.com/the-history-and-meaning-of-warrior-pose/ |publisher=Bahiranga.com |access-date=11 January 2019}}{{sfn|Singleton|2010|p=161}}

| File:Virabhadrasana I - Warrior Pose I.jpg

Virabhadrasana II{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=28}}

| वीरभद्रासन II

| Warrior II

| Standing

| 20th C. TK{{sfn|Singleton|2010|p=161}}

| File:Warrior II.jpg

Virabhadrasana III{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=32}}

| वीरभद्रासन III

| Warrior III

| Standing

| 20th C. TK{{sfn|Singleton|2010|p=161}}

| File:Tuladandasana.jpg

Virasana,{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=50}}
Dhyana Virasana{{sfn|Saraswati|1996|p=105}}

| वीरासन,
ध्यान वीरासन

| Hero,
Hero's Meditation

| Kneeling

| Meditation{{sfn|Saraswati|1996|p=105}}{{cite web |last1=Crandell |first1=Jason |title=You Don't Have to Play Martyr in Hero Pose |url=https://www.yogajournal.com/practice/hero-s-journey |publisher=Yoga Journal |access-date=16 November 2018 |date=28 August 2007}}

| 4th C. DU{{sfn|Ayyangar|1938|pp=124-127}}
8th C. PSV{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|pp=97-99}} (these may refer to a different meditation pose)

| File:Virasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpg

Vrikshasana{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=21}}

| वृक्षासन

| Tree

| Standing, Balancing

| 17th C. GhS{{sfn|Mallinson|2004|pp=16–17}}

| File:Vriksasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpg

Vrischikasana{{sfn|Lidell|1983|p=104}}

| वृश्चिकासन

| Scorpion

| Inversion

| Backbend

| 20th C. LoY{{sfn|Iyengar|1979|pp=386–388}} (13th - 18th C. in Bharatnatyam dance statues of Eastern Gopuram, Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram but not yoga)

| File:Mr-yoga-stretched-out-scorpion.png

Yoganidrasana{{sfn|Iyengar|1979|pp=304-307}}
Pasini Mudra

| योगनिद्रासन

| Yogic sleep
Noose Mudra

| Reclining

| Forward bend

| 17th C. HR 3.70
17th C. GhS 3.84 as a Mudra
18th C. painting, Mysore{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=13}}

| File:Mr-yoga-yogic-sleep-pose.jpg

Notes

References

Sources

{{cite book |last=Ayyangar |first=T. R. Srinivasa (trans.) |title=The Yoga Upanishads |url=https://archive.org/stream/TheYogaUpanishads/TheYogaUpanisadsSanskritEngish1938#page/n3/mode/2up |year=1938 |publisher=The Adyar Library |location=Adyar, Madras}}
{{cite book | last=Bernard | first=Theos | author-link=Theos Bernard | title=Hatha yoga : the report of a personal experience | publisher=Harmony | publication-place=Edinburgh | year=2007 | orig-year=1944 | isbn=978-0-9552412-2-2 | oclc=230987898}}
{{cite book | last=Goldberg | first=Elliott |author-link=Elliott Goldberg | title=The Path of Modern Yoga : the history of an embodied spiritual practice | publisher=Inner Traditions | publication-place=Rochester, Vermont | year=2016 | isbn=978-1-62055-567-5 | oclc=926062252}}
{{cite book | last=Iyengar | first=B. K. S. |author-link=B. K. S. Iyengar | year=1979 | orig-year=1966 | title=Light on Yoga: Yoga Dipika | publisher=Thorsons |isbn=978-1855381667}}
{{cite book |last1=Krishnamacharya |first1=Tirumalai |author-link=Tirumalai Krishnamacharya |title=Yoga Makaranda |date=2006 |orig-year=1934 |translator=Lakshmi Ranganathan |translator2=Nandini Ranganathan |url=https://yogastudies.org/2011/04/yoga-makaranda-first-part/}}
{{cite book |last1=Larson |first1=Gerald James |author1-link=Gerald James Larson |last2=Bhattacharya |first2=Ram Shankar |title=Yoga : India's Philosophy of Meditation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p6pURGdBBmIC&pg=PA599 |year=2008 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-3349-4}}
{{cite book | last=Lidell | first=Lucy, The Sivananda Yoga Centre | title=The book of yoga | publisher=Ebury | year=1983 | isbn=978-0-85223-297-2 | oclc=12457963| url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/bookofyoga0000lide }}
{{cite book | last=Mallinson | first=James |author-link=James Mallinson (author) | title=The Gheranda Samhita: the original Sanskrit and an English translation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=73DzK3kTIgEC | year=2004 | publisher=YogaVidya | isbn=978-0-9716466-3-6}}
{{cite book | last1=Mallinson | first1=James |last2=Singleton |first2=Mark | author1-link=James Mallinson (author) |author2-link=Mark Singleton (yoga scholar) | title=Roots of Yoga |series=Penguin Classics |location=London | publisher=Penguin Books | year=2017 | isbn=978-0-241-25304-5 | oclc=928480104}}
{{cite book |last1=Mehta |first1=Silva |last2=Mehta |first2=Mira |last3=Mehta |first3=Shyam |author-link=Mira Mehta |date=1990 |title=Yoga: The Iyengar Way |publisher=Dorling Kindersley |isbn=978-0863184208}}
{{cite web |last=Murugan |first=Chillayah |publisher=Silambam |title=Yoga Asanas for Health and Fitness |date=20 October 2012 |url=http://www.silambam.asia/yoga_asana.html |access-date=31 May 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151003155100/http://silambam.asia/yoga_asana.html |archive-date=3 October 2015}}
{{cite book | last=Powers | first=Sarah |author-link=Sarah Powers | title=Insight Yoga | publisher=Shambhala | year=2008 | isbn=978-1-59030-598-0 | oclc=216937520}}
{{cite book |last=Saraswati |first=Swami Satyananda |author-link=Swami Satyananda Saraswati |title=Asana Pranayama Mudra Bandha |url=http://www.znakovi-vremena.net/en/Swami-Satyananda-Saraswati---Asana-Pranayama-Mudra-Bandha.pdf |publisher=Yoga Publications Trust |year=1996 |isbn=978-8186336144|access-date=2018-11-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150807084750/http://www.znakovi-vremena.net/en/Swami-Satyananda-Saraswati---Asana-Pranayama-Mudra-Bandha.pdf |archive-date=2015-08-07 |url-status=dead}}
{{cite journal |last1=Sriharisukesh |first1=N. |last2=Pailoor |first2=Subramanya |title=A review of asanas referenced in ancient texts and a brief comparative study of selected asanas |url=https://www.anantaajournal.com/archives/2019/vol5issue4/PartE/5-4-48-526.pdf |journal=International Journal of Sanskrit Research |date=2019 |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages= |issn=2394-7519}}
{{cite book |author=Srinivasa |first1=Narinder |editor1-last=Gharote |editor1-first=M. L. |editor2-last=Devnath |editor2-first=Parimal |editor3-last=Jha |editor3-first=Vijay Kant |title=Hatha Ratnavali Srinivasayogi {{!}} A Treatise On Hathayoga |date=2002 |publisher=The Lonavla Yoga Institute |location=Lonavla, India |isbn=81-901176-96 |edition=1st |url=https://archive.org/details/HathaRatnavaliSrinivasayogiATreatiseOnHathayogaEd.GharoteM.L.DevnathParimalDevNa/page/n191}}
{{cite book | last=Singleton | first=Mark |author-link=Mark Singleton (yoga teacher) | title=Yoga Body : the origins of modern posture practice | title-link=Yoga Body | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=2010 | isbn=978-0-19-539534-1 | oclc=318191988}}
{{cite book |last=Sjoman |first=Norman E. |author-link=Norman Sjoman |title=The Yoga Tradition of the Mysore Palace |title-link=The Yoga Tradition of the Mysore Palace |publisher=Abhinav Publications |year=1999 |isbn=81-7017-389-2}}

Asanas

Category:Yoga as exercise

List of asanas#Asanas

Affixes

Asanas

See also

Notes

References

Sources