List of blockades

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!

!Opponents

!Blockader

!Conflict

!Details

|Aegina (Saronic Gulf)

|Athens

|First Peloponnesian War

|

|Athens

|Sparta

|Peloponnesian War

|Spartan forces surrounded Athens on land. Athens withstood the landward attack, and subsisted on food imported by ship. In the Battle of Aegospotami, the Spartan navy destroyed the Athenian navy and implemented a sea blockade, forcing Athens to surrender.Boardman, John & Griffin, Jasper & Murray, Oswyn. 2001. The Oxford History of Greece and the Hellenistic World, p. 166. {{ISBN|0-19-280137-6}}.

|Supporters of Mark Antony

|Supporters of Octavian

|War of the Second Triumvirate
(Battle of Actium)

|Octavian blockaded Mark Antony's ships in the Gulf of Actium.

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!

!Blockaded Territory

!Blockader

!Conflict

!Details

|{{Flag|Byzantine Empire}}

|Robert Guiscard

|Norman conquest of southern Italy

|Robert Guiscard's Norman forces blockaded Byzantine cities in southern Italy, most notably in the siege of Bari.

|Norman-occupied Corfu

|{{Flag|Byzantine Empire}}

|Byzantine-Norman Wars

|After the Normans occupied Corfu, Emperor Alexios I Komnenos blockaded the island with Venetian naval support gained in exchange for commercial privileges.

|{{Flag|Kingdom of Jerusalem|name=Jerusalem}}

|{{Flag|Fatimid Caliphate}}

|Crusades

|

|Tripoli

|{{Flag|Kingdom of Jerusalem|name=Jerusalem}}

|Siege of Tripoli

|Blockade of the Lebanese coast leading by the Outremer and Genoa leading to the establishment of the County of Tripoli

|Sidon

|{{Flagicon image|Kongeflagg.svg}} Norway

|Norwegian Crusade

|{{Main|Siege of Sidon}}

|{{Flagicon image|Generieke vlag van Vlaanderen.svg}} Cadzand, Flanders

|{{Flagicon image|Royal Standard of England (1406-1603).svg}} England

|Hundred Years' War

|{{Main|Battle of Cadzand}}

|{{Flag|Republic of Venice|name=Venice}}

|{{Flag|Republic of Genoa|name=Genoa}}

|War of Chioggia

|

|{{Flagdeco|Byzantine Empire}} Constantinople, Byzantine Empire

|{{Flag|Ottoman Empire}}

|Byzantine–Ottoman wars

|Ottoman blockade of ConstantinopleRobert Cowley, Geoffrey Parker. [https://books.google.com/books?id=qOEu4ALwR-IC&dq=blockade+constantinople+1394&pg=PA106 The Reader's Companion to Military History] New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1996. on Google Books.

!Duration of Blockade

!Blockaded Territory

!Blockader

!Conflict

!Details

|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Cross of Burgundy.svg}} Antwerp, Spanish Netherlands
(later {{Flagicon image|Austrian Low Countries Flag.svg}} Austrian Netherlands)

|{{Flag|Dutch Republic}}

|Aftermath of Eighty Years' War

|

|{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Dutch East India Company.svg}} Banten

|{{Flag|Portuguese Empire|1578}}

|Dutch–Portuguese War

|

|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Cross of Burgundy.svg}} Spanish Netherlands

|{{Flag|Dutch Republic}}

|Thirty Years' War

|

|{{Flag|Dutch Republic}}

|{{Flag|Commonwealth of England|name=England}}

|First Anglo-Dutch War

|

|{{Flag|Republic of Venice|name=Venice}}

|{{Flag|Ottoman Empire}}
(Dardanelles)

|Cretan War

|

|{{Flagicon image|Colonial-Red-Ensign.svg}} Thirteen Colonies
({{Flag|United States|1777}} from 1776 onwards)

|{{Flag|Kingdom of Great Britain|name=Great Britain}}

|American Revolutionary War

|The British Empire declared the American colonies to be in a state of rebellion after the First Continental Congress and refused to recognize their Declaration of Independence. The blockade ended with the Treaty of Paris recognizing U.S. independence and ending the war.

|{{Flag|Sweden}}

|{{Flag|Russian Empire|name=Russia}}

|Second Russo-Swedish War

|

|{{Flag|First French Republic|name=France}}

|{{Flag|Kingdom of Great Britain|name=Great Britain}}

| rowspan="2" |War of the First Coalition

|{{Main|Naval campaigns, operations and battles of the French Revolutionary Wars|Atlantic campaign of May 1794}}

|{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Dutch East India Company.svg}} Dutch East Indies

|{{Flag|First French Republic|name=France}}

|{{Main|Sunda Strait campaign of January 1794}}

|{{Flag|Spain|1785}}

|{{Flag|Kingdom of Great Britain|name=Great Britain}}

|Anglo-Spanish War

|{{Main|Assault on Cádiz}}

|{{Flag|First French Republic|name=France}}

| rowspan="3" |{{Flag|Kingdom of Great Britain|name=Great Britain}}

| rowspan="4" |War of the Second Coalition

|

|{{Flagdeco|France|variant=1794}} French-occupied Egypt

|{{Main|Mediterranean campaign of 1798}}

|{{Flagdeco|France|variant=1794}} French-occupied Malta

|{{Main|Siege of Malta (1798–1800)}}

|{{Flag|Denmark-Norway}}

|{{Flag|Kingdom of Great Britain|name=Great Britain}}

|{{Main|Battle of Copenhagen (1801)}}

|{{Flag|First French Empire|name=France}}

|{{Flag|United Kingdom}}

| rowspan="2" |Napoleonic Wars

|{{Main|Orders in Council (1807)}}

|{{Flag|First French Empire|name=France}} and its client states

|{{Main|Continental System}}

|{{Flag|Russian Empire|name=Russia}}

|{{Flag|Sweden}}

|Finnish War

|

|{{Flag|Denmark-Norway}}

|{{Flag|United Kingdom}}

|Dano-Swedish War of 1808–09

|

|{{Flag|United States|1795}}

|{{Flag|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|name=United Kingdom}}

|War of 1812

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|Africa

|{{Flag|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|name=United Kingdom}}

|Blockade of Africa

|The blockade suppressed the Atlantic slave trade.

|{{Flag|United Provinces of the Río de la Plata|1820|name=United Provinces}}

|{{Flag|Empire of Brazil}}

|Cisplatine War

|

!Duration of Blockade

!Blockaded Territory

!Blockader

!Conflict

!Details

|{{Flagdeco|Argentine Confederation}} Rio de la Plata, Argentine Confederation

|{{Flag|France|1794}}

|War of the Confederation

|{{Main|French blockade of the Río de la Plata}}

|{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (1816).svg}} Kingdom of the Two Sicilies

|{{Flag|United Kingdom}}

|Sulphur Crisis

|

|{{Flagdeco|Argentine Confederation}} Rio de la Plata, Argentine Confederation

|{{Flag|France|1794}}

|Uruguayan Civil War

|{{Main|Anglo-French blockade of the Río de la Plata}}

|{{Flag|Second Federal Republic of Mexico|name=Mexico}}

|{{Flag|United States|1846}}

|Mexican-American War

|{{Main|Blockade of Veracruz}}

|{{Flagicon image|Flag of the German Confederation (war).svg}} Germany

|{{Flag|Denmark}}

|First Schleswig War

|

|{{Flag|Russian Empire|name=Russia}}

|{{Flag|United Kingdom}}

|Crimean War

|

|{{Flag|Confederate States}}

|{{Flag|United States|1861}}

|American Civil War

|{{Main|Union blockade|Anaconda Plan}}

|{{Flag|Chile}}

|{{Flag|Spain|1785}}

|Chincha Islands War

|

|{{flagicon|Greece|royal}} Greece

|Great Powers (excluding France)

|Eastern Rumelia Crisis

|{{cite book |first=Douglas|last=Dakin|title=Η Ενοποίηση της Ελλάδας 1770-1923|trans-title=The Unification of Greece 1770-1923 |publisher=Morfotiko Idrima Ethnikis Trapezis|language=el|location=Athens|year=2012 |isbn=978-960-250-150-4|pages=214–215}}

|{{Flag|Qing dynasty|name=China}}

|{{Flag|Empire of Japan|name=Japan}}

|First Sino-Japanese War

|

|{{Flagdeco|Ottoman Empire}} Constantinople, Ottoman Empire

|Great Powers

|

|

|{{Flagdeco|Spain|variant=1785}} Spanish Cuba

{{Flagicon image|Flag of Puerto Rico (1873–1875).svg}} San Juan, Spanish Puerto Rico

|{{Flag|United States|1896}}

|Spanish-American War

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|{{Flag|United States of Venezuela|name=Venezuela}}

|{{Flag|United Kingdom}}

|Venezuelan crisis of 1902–1903

|

|{{Flag|German Empire|name=Germany}}

{{Flag|Austria-Hungary}}

|{{Flag|British Empire}}

|World War I and its aftermath

|{{Main|Blockade of Germany (1914–1919)}}

Included mainly Germany but also the entire Central Powers. The Allied blockade of Germany continued for a year after the Armistice until it signed the Treaty of Versailles.Osborne, Eric W., Britain's economic blockade of Germany, 1914–1919, Frank Cass, London, 2004, p.230

|{{Flag|Lebanon|1918}}

|{{Flag|Ottoman Empire}}

|Middle Eastern theatre of World War I

|[http://countrystudies.us/lebanon/19.htm "World War I"] on Countrystudies.us

|{{Flagicon image|Merchant flag of Spanish Morocco.svg}} Spanish Morocco

|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Spain (1931–1939).svg}} Spain

| rowspan="2" |Spanish Civil War

|{{See also|Spanish coup of July 1936}}

The Spanish Republican Navy blockaded the Strait of Gibraltar to hamper the transport of Francisco Franco's Army of Africa to Peninsular Spain

|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Spain (1931–1939).svg}} Republican-controlled Spain

|{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Bando Nacional (1936–1938).svg}} Nationalist faction

|The Nationalists blockaded northern and southeastern Spain

|{{Flagdeco|Republic of China}} China

|{{Flag|Empire of Japan|name=Japan}}

|Second Sino-Japanese War

|

|{{Flag|Nazi Germany}} and its occupied territories

|{{Flag|United Kingdom}}

| rowspan="2" |World War II

|{{Main|Blockade of Germany (1939–1945)}}

The Allied Powers carried out a blockade to prevent the Axis Powers from acquiring materials. Although the blockade was initially ineffective due to the use of neutral ports in the Soviet Union and Francoist Spain, it grew more severe when the Soviet Union and the United States entered the war in 1941 and when the Germans lost control of their occupied territories in France and Eastern Europe in 1944.

|{{Flag|United Kingdom}}

| rowspan="2" |{{Flag|Nazi Germany}}

|{{Main|Battle of the Atlantic}}

The Nazi German Kriegsmarine attempted to block shipping to Britain and Russia through the use of U-boats.

|{{Flagdeco|Soviet Union}} Leningrad, Soviet Union

|Eastern Front of World War II

|{{See also|Siege of Leningrad}}

|{{Flag|Empire of Japan|name=Japan}}

|{{Flag|United States|1912}}

|Pacific Front of World War II

|

|{{Flagdeco|Republic of China}} Changchun, Republic of China

|{{Flagicon image|Second War Flag of Chinese Soviet Republic.svg}} Chinese Red Army

|Chinese Civil War

|{{Main|Siege of Changchun}}Changchun was one of the largest cities in Manchuria and was a strategic ROC Army base in Northeast China. The fall of the city led to Communist victory in the Liaoshen campaign.

|{{Flag|West Berlin}}

|{{Flag|Soviet Union}}

|Berlin Blockade

|The Soviet occupation forces in Germany blockaded West Berlin at the beginning of the Cold War, but it became ineffective due to an American-led airlift.

|{{Flag|Mainland China}}

|{{Flag|Taiwan}}

|Cross-Strait conflict

|

|{{Flag|North Korea}}

|{{Flag|South Korea}}

|Korean War

|{{See also|Blockade of Wonsan}}

|{{Flagdeco|Israel}} Israel

|{{Flag|Egypt|1952}}

|Suez Crisis

|Egypt blockaded the Straits of Tiran before the Suez Crisis.

|{{Flag|Cuba}}

|{{Flag|United States}}

|Cuban Missile Crisis

|The United States declared a "quarantine" of Cuba in reaction to the deployment of Soviet nuclear missiles.

|{{Flag|North Vietnam}}

|{{Flag|United States}}

|Vietnam War

|{{Main|Operation Market Time|Operation Game Warden}}

|{{Flag|Rhodesia}}

|{{Flag|United Kingdom}}

|Beira Patrol

|The British government, along with most of the international community, did not recognize Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence due to its policy of no independence before majority rule.

|{{Flag|Israel}}

|{{Flag|Egypt}}

|Six-Day War

|Egypt resumed its blockade of the Straits of Tiran shortly before the war. Israel responded by invading and occupying the Sinai Peninsula.

|{{Flag|Biafra}}

|{{Flag|Nigeria}}

|Nigerian Civil War

|Nigeria blockaded the secessionist republic of Biafra, creating an international humanitarian crisis that resulted in Biafrans receiving aid from volunteers around the world during the Biafran airlift and inspired the formation of Doctors Without Borders.

|{{Flagdeco|Pakistan}} East Pakistan

|{{Flag|India}}

|Indo-Pakistani War of 1971

|

|{{Flag|Israel}}

|{{Flag|Egypt}}

| rowspan="2" |October war 1973

|{{See also|Operation Badr (1973)}}

|{{Flag|Israel}}

|

|{{Flag|Falkland Islands}}
(Occupied by {{Flag|Argentina}} making it {{flagicon|Argentina}} Islas Malvinas)

|{{Flag|United Kingdom}}

|Falklands War

|

|{{Flag|Lebanon}}

|{{Flag|Israel}}

|1982 Lebanon War

South Lebanon conflict

|The blockade was first imposed during the 1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon. However, it was sporadically renewed after the Israel Defense Force was forced to withdraw to the South Lebanon security belt due to its continuing conflict with Hezbollah.

|{{Flag|Armenia}}

|{{Flag|Turkey}}

{{Flag|Azerbaijan}}

|Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

|Armenia and Azerbaijan have been at war since the dissolution of the Soviet Union over the status of Nagorno-Karabakh. Armenia is a landlocked country and therefore cannot conduct foreign trade without going through one of its neighbors. Turkey, Armenia’s historic enemy with whom it shares its largest border, is also an ally of Azerbaijan. Turkey and Azerbaijan have long refused to allow any Armenian trade over their air or land space. Lacking a sizeable enough border with Iran to facilitate major trade means Armenia is effectively dependent on the Georgia and Iran to conduct international trade. In order to avoid disturbing relations with Azerbaijan, Georgia imposes certain limits on Armenian imports.

|{{Flag|Ba'athist Iraq}}

|{{Flag|United Nations}}

|Gulf War

|Enforcement of sanctions against Iraq. The U.S. Air Force, the Royal Air Force, and the French Air Force also enforced no-fly zones in the northern and southern halves of the country.

|{{Flag|Lithuania}}

|{{Flag|Soviet Union}}

|Singing Revolution

|{{Main|Soviet economic blockade of Lithuania}}

The Soviet government refused to recognize Lithuania's independence.

|{{Flag|Croatia}}

|{{Flag|Federal Republic of Yugoslavia}}

|Croatian War of Independence

|Yugoslavia refused to recognize Croatia's independence. The Yugoslav Navy blockaded the Adriatic coast until it was defeated by Croatian artillery in the Battle of the Dalmatian Channels.

|{{Flag|Federal Republic of Yugoslavia}}

|{{Flag|NATO|name=North Atlantic Treaty Organization}}

|Bosnian War

|{{Main|Operation Deliberate Force|Operation Maritime Guard|Operation Sharp Guard}}

NATO imposed a blockade on the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia to enforce the UN sanctions on the country and enforced no-fly zones.

|{{Flag|Taiwan}}

|{{Flag|Mainland China}}

|Third Taiwan Strait Crisis

|The PRC launched ballistic missiles at ROC territorial waters near the important ports of Keelung and Kaohsiung, forcing lengthy travel and shipping delays. The missile launches were believed to be intended to intimidate the Taiwanese public before the 1996 presidential election.

|

|{{Flag|Australia}}

|

|Maritime protection program to prevent arrivals of unauthorized "boat people."

|{{Flag|Lebanon}}

|{{Flag|Israel}}

|2006 Lebanon War

|

|{{Flagdeco|Sri Lanka}} Mullaitivu, Sri Lanka

|{{Flag|Sri Lanka}}

|

|

|{{Flagdeco|Libya|variant=1977}} Libya

|{{Flag|United Nations}}

|Libyan Civil War

|The U.N. Security Council approved a no-fly zone over Libya.

|{{Flag|Nepal}}

|{{Flag|India}}

|2015 Nepal blockade

|Nepal accused India, on which it is reliant for petroleum and medicine imports, of imposing a blockade.

|{{Flag|Qatar}}

|{{Flag|Saudi Arabia}}

|Qatar diplomatic crisis

|Several Arab League countries accused Qatar of funding terrorism in violation of a Gulf Cooperation Council agreement. Qatar denied these accusations but Saudi Arabia, Qatar’s only land neighbor, sealed its border, imposing a “land blockade“ and shutting down all land based trade to and from Qatar. Qatar was also criticized for its close relations with Iran and the management of Al Jazeera. Qatar claims it never funded terrorist groups such as al-Qaeda and the Islamic State, and also shares a strategic alliance with the United States in the War on Terror and the international intervention against ISIL. The conflict was resolved after a diplomatic agreement brokered by the United States and Kuwait.

|{{Flag|Republic of Artsakh|name=Republic of Artsakh (Nagorno-Karabakh)}}

|{{Flag|Azerbaijan}}

|Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

|{{Main|Blockade of Nagorno-Karabakh|l1=Blockade of the Republic of Artsakh (2022–2024)}}

Starting in December 2022, Azerbaijan launched an illegal blockade of the breakaway Republic of Artsakh in the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh, trapping the 120,000 residents within the region, blocking transport of food, medicine, and other supplies, and cutting off electricity and natural gas to the region.{{Cite web |last=Gavin |first=Gabriel |date=Dec 19, 2022 |title=Supplies begin to run low as Nagorno-Karabakh blockade continues |url=https://eurasianet.org/supplies-begin-to-run-low-as-nagorno-karabakh-blockade-continues |access-date=2022-12-22 |website=eurasianet.org |language=en}}{{Cite web |last=Kitachayev |first=Bashir |date=16 December 2022 |title=Azerbaijani roadblock cuts tens of thousands off from food, fuel and medicine |url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/odr/nagorno-karabakh-azerbaijan-armenia-roadblock/ |access-date=21 December 2022 |website=openDemocracy}}{{Cite web |last=Hill |first=Nathaniel |date=2023-02-24 |title=Genocide Emergency: Azerbaijan's Blockade of Artsakh |url=https://www.genocidewatch.com/single-post/genocide-emergency-azerbaijan-s-blockade-of-artsakh |access-date=2023-05-08 |website=genocidewatch |language=en |quote=Azerbaijan has repeatedly turned off the supply of natural gas and electricity to Artsakh, subjecting its people to freezing temperatures.}} The blockade has remained in place despite calls from the International Court of Justice and the European Court of Human Rights for the blockade to be lifted.{{Cite web |title=Statement on Azerbaijan s Noncompliance with February 22nd ICJ Order to Unblock Lachin Corridor |url=https://www.lemkininstitute.com/statements-new-page/statement-on-azerbaijan-s-noncompliance-with-february-22nd-icj-order-to-unblock-lachin-corridor |access-date=2023-04-13 |website=Lemkin Institute |language=en}}{{Cite web |date=2022-12-22 |title=HUDOC - European Court of Human Rights - European Court decides to indicate interim measures in the "Lachin Corridor" |url=https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/app/conversion/pdf/?library=ECHR&id=003-7528728-10337270&filename=Interim%20measures%20in%20the%20case%20Armenia%20v.%20Azerbaijan%20(no.%204).pdf |access-date=2023-06-12 |website=hudoc.echr.coe.int}}

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!Start of Blockade

!Blockaded Territory

!Blockader

!Conflict

!Details

|{{Flag|Gaza Strip}}

|{{Flag|Israel}}

|Gaza–Israel conflict

|{{Main|Blockade of the Gaza Strip}}

Israel and Egypt closed all land border crossings to the Gaza Strip after the Battle of Gaza (2007) following the election of the Hamas Party and imposed a strict air and sea blockade. Israel claims that the blockade is necessary to prevent weapons from reaching Hamas, while Egypt claims that the blockade is intended to prevent Hamas from undermining the legitimacy of the Fatah-led Palestinian Authority after winning the election.

|{{Flag|Yemen}}

|{{Flag|Saudi Arabia}}

|Saudi Arabian–led intervention in Yemen

|{{See also|Blockade of Yemen}}

After the Houthis overthrew President Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi the Saudi government accused it of supporting Iran and blockaded the country. The United States and the United Kingdom provided naval and logistical support. The international community has criticized the blockade for creating a humanitarian crisis in Yemen including famine and a cholera outbreak.

|{{Flag|Ukraine}}

|{{Flag|Russia}}

|Russian invasion of Ukraine

|Russia blockaded Ukraine's access to the Black Sea. After negotiations with Ukraine via Turkey, a corridor to export Grain was opened. It was briefly halted after the Kerch Bridge was attacked with a Truck Bomb.{{Cite web |title=Secretary-General's remarks on Signing of Black Sea Grain Initiative {{!}} United Nations Secretary-General |url=https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/speeches/2022-07-22/secretary-generals-remarks-signing-of-black-sea-grain-initiative |access-date=2023-04-07 |website=www.un.org}}