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List of conflicts in Mexico

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{{About|conflicts involving Mexico that occurred inside of it|conflicts involving this country; but, did not occur inside of it|List of wars involving Mexico}}

File:MEX orthographic.svg map detailing the present-day location and territorial extent of Mexico in North America.]]

This is a list of conflicts in Mexico arranged chronologically starting from the Pre-Columbian era (Lithic, Archaic, Formative, Classic, and Post-Classic periods/stages of North America; {{circa|18000 BCE|1521 CE|lk=yes}}) up to the colonial and postcolonial periods ({{circa|1521 CE}} – {{As of|2023|alt=Present}}). This list includes any raid, strike, skirmish, siege, sacking, and/or battle (land, naval, and air) that occurred on the territories of what may today be referred to as Mexico (Mesoamerica, Aridoamerica, and Oasisamerica); however, in which the conflict itself may have only been part of an operation of a campaign in a theater of a greater war (e.g. any and/or all border, undeclared, colonial, proxy, liberation, global, Indian wars, etc.). There may also be periods of violent, civil unrest listed; such as, shootouts, spree killings, massacres, terrorist attacks, coups, assassinations, regicides, riots, rebellions, revolutions, and civil wars (as well as wars of succession and/or independence). The list might also contain episodes of human sacrifice, mass suicide, and ethnic cleansing/genocide.

Pre-Columbian era (c. 18000 BCE – c. 1521 CE)

{{main|Pre-Columbian era|Pre-Columbian Mexico}}

{{see|Classic stage|History of the Maya civilization#Classic period (c. 250–900 AD)}}

File:Langs N.Amer.svg of indigenous North American peoples (including those of Northern Mexico).]]

File:Mayan Language Migration Map.svg and dates for various Mayan language families. The region labeled under Proto-Mayan is now occupied by speakers of the branch of Qʼanjobalan languages (light blue in other figures).]]

File:Distribution-myn2.png.]]

File:Mayamap.png and its city-states in the greater Mesoamericanregion. The settlements of Calakmul (in Mexico) and Tikal (in Guatemala) both developed near the center of this civilization.]]

File:Basin of Mexico 1519 map-en.svg basin ({{circa|1519}} CE).]]

File:Tarascan aztec states.png (in green).]]

File:Tepanecapan II.JPG with their capital (Azcapotzalco) near the center:

{{legend|yellow|{{circa|1222|1283}} CE}}

{{legend|green|{{circa|1283|1414}} CE}}

{{legend|magenta|{{circa|1414|1431}} CE}}

]]

File:Aztecexpansion.png, showing the areas conquered by the Aztec rulers.]]

File:Aztec Empire 1519 map-fr.svg

=Preclassic stage (c. 1000 BCE – c. 500 CE)=

{{main|Formative stage}}

{{see|List of archaeological periods (North America)}}

==Late Preclassic period (c. 400 BCE – c. 500 CE)==

{{see|List of archaeological periods (Mesoamerica)|Mesoamerican chronology}}

===Terminal Preclassic division (c. 159 – c. 500 CE)===

{{see|History of the Maya civilization}}

====Teotihuacan civilization (c. 300 BCE – c. 547 CE)====

{{main|Teotihuacan}}

{{see|Pre-Columbian Mexico#Teotihuacan civilization}}

====Maya civilization (c. 1000 BCE – c. 1697 CE)====

{{main|Maya civilization}}

{{see|Maya city|Maya people|Mayan languages}}

{{see also|Yaxchilan}}

=Classic stage (c. 500 – c. 1200 CE)=

{{main|Classic stage}}

==Early Classic period (c. 500 – c. 600 CE)==

=== Maya civilization (c. 1000 BCE – c. 1697 CE) ===

{{see also|Palenque}}

==Late Classic period (c. 600 – c. 800 CE)==

=== Maya civilization (c. 1000 BCE – c. 1697 CE) ===

{{see also|Calakmul|Tikal}}

==Terminal Classic period (c. 800 – c. 1000 CE)==

===Maya civilization (c. 1000 BCE – c. 1697 CE)===

===Toltec civilization (c. 400 BCE – c. 1222 CE)===

{{see|Toltecs|Pre-Columbian Mexico#Toltec civilization}}

====Toltec empire (c. 674 – c. 1179 CE)====

{{main|Toltec Empire}}

{{see|Tula (Mesoamerican site)}}

=Postclassic stage (c. 900 – c. 1519 CE)=

{{main|Post-Classic stage}}

==Early Postclassic period (c. 900 – c. 1200 CE)==

===Mixtec civilization (c. 1250 BCE – c. 1550 CE)===

{{main|Mixtec civilization}}

{{see|Mixtec language}}

{{see also|Tilantongo|Coixtlahuaca}}

===Maya civilization (c. 1000 BCE – c. 1697 CE)===

{{see also|Chichen Itza}}

==Late Postclassic period (c. 1200 – c. 1519 CE)==

===Purépecha civilization (c. 1000 – 1530 CE)===

{{see|Pre-Columbian era#Tarascan/Purepecha civilization}}

{{see also|Purépecha people|Purépecha language}}

====Purépecha empire (c. 1300 – 1530 CE)====

{{main|Purépecha Empire}}

===Zapotec civilization (c. 700 BCE – c. 1715 CE)===

{{main|Zapotec civilization}}

{{see also|Zaachila}}

===Aztec civilization (c. 1248 – 1521 CE)===

{{main|Aztec civilization}}

{{see|altepetl|Nahuatl language|Aztecan languages}}

{{see also|Nahua people|Mexica}}

====Tepanec empire (c. 995–1428 CE)====

{{main|Tepanec empire}}

{{see|Tenayuca|Tetzcoco (altepetl)|Azcapotzalco (altepetl)|Colhuacan (altepetl)}}

====Aztec Empire (1428–1521 CE)====

{{main|Aztec Empire}}

{{see|Tenochtitlan|Tetzcoco (altepetl)|Tlacopan}}

Colonial period (1521–1821)

Image:Ruta de Cortés.svg from the Gulf Coast of Mexico to the Aztec capital (Tenochtitlan).]]

File:Chiapas conquest routes 1523 to 1525.png such as Pedro de Alvarado and Luis Marín into Chiapas ({{circa|1523|1525}}). Highland regions are shaded.]]

File:Philip II's realms in 1598.png by the name of Philip the Prudent ({{reign|1=1556|2=1598|3=1580|4=1598}}) as appointed to and administered by:

{{legend|#008000|Council of Castile}}

{{legend|#f5ab12|Council of Aragon}}

{{legend|#0000ff|Council of Portugal}}

{{legend|#800000|Council of Italy}}

{{legend|#ff0000|Council of the Indies}}

{{legend|#d87ada|Council of Flanders}}]]

File:Imperio Español (1714-1800).png ({{circa|1714|1800}}).]]

File:Non-Native-American-Nations-Territorial-Claims-over-NAFTA-countries-1750-2008.gif

File:Hisparevol.gif

{{see|Mesoamerican chronology#Colonial Period}}

=Spanish Golden Age (1492–1681)=

{{main|Spanish Golden Age}}

==Trastámaran dynasty (1479–1555)==

{{main|Trastámaran Dynasty|Catholic Monarchs of Spain}}

===Spanish conquest era (1521–1550)===

{{see|New Spain#Conquest era (1521–1535)|History of Mexico#Continued conquests (1521–1550)}}

==Habsburg dynasty (1555–1700)==

{{main|Habsburg dynasty|Habsburg Spain}}

===Pax Hispanica (1598–1621)===

{{main|Pax Hispanica}}

=Bourbon dynasty (1700–1808)=

{{main|Bourbon dynasty}}

{{see|Bourbon Reforms|Enlightenment in Spain|Spanish American Enlightenment}}

  • European colonization of the Americas ({{circa|1003|1945}})
  • Spanish colonization of the Americas ({{circa|1492|1898}})
  • Spanish conquest of Mexico ({{circa|1502|1550}})
  • Spanish conquest of the Maya ({{circa|1502|1704}})
  • Apache wars ({{circa|1541}} – 1924)
  • Apache–Mexico wars ({{circa|1541}} – 1924)
  • First Magdalena Massacre (1757)
  • Second Magdalena massacre (1776)
  • Navajo wars ({{circa|1641}} – 1864)
  • Tzeltal rebellion (1712)

Postcolonial period (1821 – Present)

=Mexican independence era (1808–1829)=

==House of Bonaparte (1808–1813)==

{{main|Bonaparte dynasty|Spain under Joseph Bonaparte}}

File:Campaña de Hidalgo.svg during the Mexican War of Independence.]]

File:Campaña de Morelos (1810-1812).svg during the Mexican War of Independence.]]

==House of Bourbon (1813–1820)==

{{see also|List of Spanish monarchs#House of Bourbon (1813–1868)|History of Spain (1810–1873)#Reaction (1814–1820)}}

==House of Iturbide (1821–1823)==

{{main|House of Iturbide|Agustín de Iturbide}}

{{see|Emperor of Mexico#First Mexican Empire (1821–1823)|Regency of the Mexican Empire#First Regency|List of heads of state of Mexico#First Regency}}

===First Mexican Empire (1821–1823)===

{{main|First Mexican Empire}}

File:First Mexican Empire (orthographic projection).svg ({{circa|1821}}). Northern border from the later Adams–Onís Treaty.]]

  • Spanish American wars of independence (1808–1833)
  • Mexican War of Independence (1810–1821)
  • Resistance and consummation phases (1815–1821)
  • Battle of Azcapotzalco (1821)

====Revolt against the emperor (1822–1823)====

{{main|Casa Mata Plan Revolution}}

=First Mexican Republic (1824–1835)=

{{main|First Mexican Republic}}

==Provisional Government of Mexico (1823–1824)==

{{main|Provisional Government of Mexico}}

File:Political divisions of Mexico 1823 (location map scheme).svg (1823).]]

===Spaniards in Mexico (1821–1829)===

{{see also|Spanish attempts to reconquer Mexico}}

===Revolts against the government (1823)===

==Age of Santa Anna (1829–1846)==

{{see|Age of Santa Anna}}

File:Mexico states evolution.gif

===Centralist Republic of Mexico (1835–1846)===

{{main|Centralist Republic of Mexico}}

====Comanche conflict (1821–1846)====

{{main|Comanche-Mexico Wars}}

File:Comanche raids into Mexico.jpg raiders starting from Comancheria (near or all around Big Spring, Texas) and reaching as far south as Querétaro (1,400 kilometres away).]]

====Armed opposition (1835–1840)====

File:Political divisions of Mexico 1836-1845 (location map scheme).svg with the separatist movements generated by its dissolution.

{{legend|#ff8845|Independent territories}}

{{legend|#ff9843|Territories claimed by the Republic of Texas}}

{{legend|#ffaa68|Territories claimed by the Republic of the Rio Grande}}

{{legend|#998173|Rebellions}}]]

====Texas war for independence (1835–1836)====

{{main|Texas Revolution}}

====Mexican–American War (1846)====

{{main|Mexican–American War}}

=Second Federal Republic of Mexico (1846–1863)=

{{main|Second Federal Republic of Mexico}}

==Mexican–American War (1846–1848)==

File:Mexican war overview.gif

==''La Reforma'' (c. 1833 – c. 1867)==

{{main|La Reforma}}

==Santa Anna dictatorship (1853–1855)==

==Alvarez Presidency (1855)==

{{main|Juan Álvarez}}

==Juarez Presidency (1857–1872)==

{{main|Benito Juárez}}

===Reform War (1857–1860)===

{{main|Reform War}}

File:The 1857 Crabb Massacre Map.png

===Foreign intervention (1861–1863)===

{{main|Second Franco-Mexican War}}

=Second Mexican Empire (1864–1867)=

{{main|Second Mexican Empire}}

{{see also|House of Habsburg-Lorraine|Maximilian I of Mexico}}

=Restored Republic (1867–1876)=

{{main|Restored Republic (Mexico)}}

=Contemporary Mexico (1876 – Present)=

{{see|Contemporary history}}

==Porfiriato (1876–1911)==

{{main|Porfiriato}}

{{see|Porfirio Díaz}}

File:Crawford Affair 1886.png

File:Battle of Mazocoba 1900.jpg showing the location of the Battle of Mazocoba near Guaymas on (in 1900) between the Mexican Army and Yaqui.]]

==Revolutionary Mexico (1911–1928)==

{{main|Mexican Revolution}}

===Madero presidency (1911–1913)===

{{see also|Francisco I. Madero}}

File:Batallas_durante_la_revolución_maderista.svg (1910–1911). Most action was in the northern border area, with the Battle of Ciudad Juárez being a decisive blow, but the struggle in Morelos by the Zapatistas was also extremely important, since the state was just south of the Mexican capital.]]

File:VillistasvstheUnitedStates1915-1920.jpg and United States Armed Forces (1915–1920).]]

File:United States–Mexico border map.jpg. The border spans four U.S. states, six Mexican states, and has over twenty commercial crossings.]]

File:Guerra cristera.png

===Counter-revolution and civil war (1913–1915)===

===Constitutionalists in power (1915–1920)===

===Calles presidency (1924–1928)===

{{see also|Plutarco Elías Calles}}

==''Maximato'' (1928–1934)==

{{main|Maximato}}

==Mexico under the PNR (1929–1988)==

{{main|Partido Nacional Revolucionario}}

===Mexico under the PNR (1929–1938)===

===Mexico under the PRM (1938–1946)===

====Camacho presidency (1940–1946)====

{{main|Manuel Ávila Camacho#Presidency}}

{{see|Military history of Mexico#World War II}}

===Mexico under the PRI (1946–1988)===

File:Guatemala Mustang Attack(3) 1958.jpg from the Guatemalan Air Force firing warning shots at a Mexican fishing vessel crossing the nautical border into Guatemala in 1958.]]

==Chiapas conflict (1994–2014)==

{{main|Chiapas conflict}}

==Mexican drug war (2006 – Present)==

{{main|Mexican drug war}}

References

{{reflist}}

{{North America topic|List of conflicts in}}

{{North America topic|List of wars involving}}

{{Years in Mexico}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Conflicts in Mexico}}

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Mexico

Conflicts

Category:Lists of events in Mexico

Category:History of South America