List of contaminated cell lines#KB

{{short description|List of immortalized cell lines overgrown by other, more aggressive cells}}

Many cell lines that are widely used for biomedical research have been overgrown by other, more aggressive cells. For example, supposed thyroid lines were actually melanoma cells, supposed prostate tissue was actually bladder cancer, and supposed normal uterine cultures were actually breast cancer.{{cite journal | title =Line of attack | journal =Science | date =27 February 2015 | author =Jill Neimark | volume =347 | issue =6225 | pages =938–940 | url =https://www.science.org/doi/full/10.1126/science.347.6225.938 | doi =10.1126/science.347.6225.938 | pmid = 25722392| bibcode =2015Sci...347..938N | doi-access =free | url-access =subscription }} This is a list of cell lines that have been cross-contaminated and overgrown by other cells. Estimates based on screening of leukemia-lymphoma cell lines suggest that about 15% of these cell lines are not representative of what they are usually assumed to be.{{Cite journal|last=Masters|first=John R.|date=April 2002|title=HeLa cells 50 years on: the good, the bad and the ugly|journal=Nature Reviews Cancer|volume=2|issue=4|pages=315–319|doi=10.1038/nrc775|issn=1474-175X|pmid=12001993|s2cid=991019}} A project is currently underway to enumerate and rename contaminated cell lines to avoid errors in research caused by misattribution.{{Cite journal|last1=Drexler|first1=H. G.|last2=Quentmeier|first2=H.|last3=Dirks|first3=W. G.|last4=Uphoff|first4=C. C.|last5=MacLeod|first5=R. a. F.|date=September 2002|title=DNA profiling and cytogenetic analysis of cell line WSU-CLL reveal cross-contamination with cell line REH (pre B-ALL)|journal=Leukemia|language=en|volume=16|issue=9|pages=1868–1870|doi=10.1038/sj.leu.2402610|pmid=12200708|issn=1476-5551|doi-access=free}}{{Cite journal|last1=Drexler|first1=Hans G.|last2=Uphoff|first2=Cord C.|last3=Dirks|first3=Willy G.|last4=MacLeod|first4=Roderick A. F.|date=2002-04-01|title=Mix-ups and mycoplasma: the enemies within|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0145212601001369|journal=Leukemia Research|language=en|volume=26|issue=4|pages=329–333|doi=10.1016/S0145-2126(01)00136-9|pmid=11839374|issn=0145-2126|url-access=subscription}}{{Efn|The original citation was ambiguous on which of these citations was being referenced, so both have been added here.|name=|group=}}

Contaminated cell lines have been extensively used in research without knowledge of their true character. For example, most if not all research on the endothelium ECV-304 or the megakaryocyte DAMI cell lines has in reality been conducted on bladder carcinoma and erythroleukemia cells, respectively. Thus, all research on endothelium- or megakaryocyte-specific functions utilizing these cell lines has been misguided.

There are two principal ways in which a cell line can become contaminated: cell cultures are often exchanged between research groups; if, during handling, a sample is contaminated and then passed on, subsequent exchanges of cells will lead to the contaminating population being established, although parts of the supposed cell line are still genuine. More serious is contamination at the source: during establishment of the original cell line, some contaminating cells are accidentally introduced into the cultures, where they in time outgrow the desired cells. In this case, the initial testing still suggests that the cell line is genuine and novel, but in reality, it disappeared soon after being established, and all samples of such cell lines are actually the contaminating cells. Lengthy research is required to determine the precise points where cell lines became contaminated. A mix-up rated as contamination could in reality be a simple confusion of two cell lines, but usually contamination is assumed.{{citation needed|reason=Indeed all articles I have seen about the problem do that, but a dedicated reference would be nicer. Best would be one which refers to investigations of this possibility.|date=January 2018}}

After a cell line has been discovered to be contaminated, it is usually never used again for research demanding the specific type of cell line they were assumed to be. Most contaminated cell lines are discarded; however, sometimes contaminant cells have acquired novel characteristics (e.g., by mutation or viral transfection, for example the HeLa derivate Det98) and thus constitute a truly novel lineage, so they are not thrown away. If a cell line is thought to be contaminated, it is usually tested for authenticity.{{Efn|The citations of this article contain some papers on how common contaminates can be recognized.|name=|group=}} The widespread contamination of HeLa cells was initially recognized by Walter Nelson-Rees using simple Giemsa stain karyotyping under a light microscope. This technique works well in recognizing HeLa because these cells have distinctive chromosome aberrations. Novel cell lines are proliferated and distributed and/or deposited at a safekeeping institution such as the ATCC as soon as possible after establishment to minimize the odds that the line becomes spoiled by contamination. It is considered good practice to periodically check cell lines maintained under laboratory conditions (i.e., not placed in long-term storage) for contamination with HeLa or other common contaminants to ensure that their quality and integrity are maintained.{{Citation needed|date=April 2020}}

Lists of contaminated cell lines

This list, containing 488 cell lines, was last updated on 1 December 2016.{{Efn|An updated list can be obtained from International Cell Line Authentication Committee website.{{cite web|url=http://iclac.org/wp-content/uploads/Cross-Contaminations-v8_0.pdf |title=Database of Cross-Contaminated or Misidentified Cell Lines |date=January 12, 2016 |website=iclac.org |access-date=2019-05-10}}|name=|group=}}

Cellosaurus also is maintaining a list of "problematic" cell lines.

{{cite web

|url= http://web.expasy.org/cgi-bin/cellosaurus/search?input=%27problematic%20cell%20line%27

|title= Cellosaurus search result: 757 hits for 'problematic cell line'

|website= Cellosaurus

|publisher= Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics

|access-date= 17 January 2018

}}

The reference includes the list of linked pages in the search result.

The list is dynamically generated from all cell lines in the database with a comment containing the dedicated words "Problematic cell line". {{as of|2017|01|17}}, the list contains 757 entries.

If no species is given in the individual entries of the following tables, the table's species applies to both the assumed and the actual cell types.

Cell lines marked Virtual in the table below are known instances of contamination at the source; these cell lines became extinct or never existed. Cases where non-contaminated lines are known or strongly suspected to exist are marked Existent.

= Contaminated human cell lines =

Supposed cell line	Existent?	Supposed cell type	Real cell line	Real cell type	Reference	Cellosaurus
class="wikitable sortable"
207	Existent	pre-B cell leukemia	REH or CCRF-CEM	pre-B cell or T cell leukemia	{{Cite journal\|last1=Dirks\|first1=Wilhelm G.\|last2=MacLeod\|first2=Roderick A. F.\|last3=Drexler\|first3=Hans G.\|date=November 1999\|title=ECV304 (endothelial) is really T24 (bladder carcinoma): Cell line cross-contamination at source\|journal=In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal\|volume=35\|issue=10\|pages=558–559\|doi=10.1007/s11626-999-0091-8\|pmid=10614862\|s2cid=31347874\|issn=1071-2690}}	[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_K034 CVCL_K034]
2474/90	Virtual	stomach carcinoma	HT-29	colon carcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_9556 CVCL_9556]
2563, MAC-21		lung lymphoma	HeLa	cervical adenocarcinoma	{{Cite journal\|last1=Nelson-Rees\|first1=W.\|last2=Daniels\|first2=D.\|last3=Flandermeyer\|first3=R.\|date=1981-04-24\|title=Cross-contamination of cells in culture\|journal=Science\|language=en\|volume=212\|issue=4493\|pages=446–452\|doi=10.1126/science.6451928\|pmid=6451928\|bibcode=1981Sci...212..446N\|issn=0036-8075}}	[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_M629 CVCL_M629], [http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_M627 CVCL_M627]
2957/90	Virtual	stomach carcinoma	HT-29	colon carcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_9557 CVCL_9557]
3051/80	Virtual	stomach carcinoma	HT-29	colon carcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_9558 CVCL_9558]
ADLC-5M2	Virtual	lung carcinoma	HeLa	cervical adenocarcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_8169 CVCL_8169]
AG-F	Virtual	Hodgkin's disease	CCRF-CEM variant	T cell leukemia	{{Cite journal\|last1=Drexler\|first1=Hg\|last2=Dirks\|first2=Wg\|last3=MacLeod\|first3=Raf\|date=October 1999\|title=False human hematopoietic cell lines: cross-contaminations and misinterpretations\|journal=Leukemia\|language=en\|volume=13\|issue=10\|pages=1601–1607\|doi=10.1038/sj.leu.2401510\|issn=0887-6924\|pmid=10516762\|doi-access=free}}	[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_D101 CVCL_D101]
AO	Virtual	amnion	HeLa	cervical adenocarcinoma	{{cite journal\|last1=Nelson-Rees\|first1=W. A.\|last2=Flandermeyer\|first2=R. R.\|year=1976\|title=HeLa cultures defined\|journal=Science\|volume=191\|issue=4222\|pages=96–98\|doi=10.1126/science.1246601\|pmid=1246601\|bibcode=1976Sci...191...96N}}	[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_D631 CVCL_D631]
ARH-77	Existent?	plasma cell leukemia	unknown	Epstein-Barr virus-transfected B cell lymphoblastoid		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_1072 CVCL_1072]
AV₃	Virtual	amnion	HeLa	cervical adenocarcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_1904 CVCL_1904]
BCC1/KMC	Virtual	basal cell carcinoma	HeLa	cervical adenocarcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_A033 CVCL_A033]
BE-13	Virtual	T cell leukemia	PEER	T cell leukemia	Drexler et al. (2003)	[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_1081 CVCL_1081]
BJA-B	Existent	Burkitt's lymphoma	REH	pre-B cell leukemia	Drexler et al. (2003)	[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_5711 CVCL_5711]
BLIN-1, -1E8	Virtual	pre-B cell leukemia	NALM-6	pre-B cell leukemia	Drexler et al. (2003)	[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_8173 CVCL_8173]
BM-1604	Virtual	prostate carcinoma	DU-145	prostate carcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_1968 CVCL_1968]
BrCa 5	Virtual	breast carcinoma	HeLa	cervical adenocarcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_D280 CVCL_D280]
BT-20	Existent	breast carcinoma	HeLa	cervical adenocarcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_0178 CVCL_0178]
CaMa (cl 15)	Virtual	breast carcinoma	unknown	Laboratory mouse/Golden hamster cells		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_1T14 CVCL_1T14]
CaOV	Virtual	ovarian carcinoma	HeLa	cervical adenocarcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_M091 CVCL_M091]
CaVe	Virtual	stomach carcinoma	HeLa	cervical adenocarcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_8444 CVCL_8444]
Chang liver		liver	HeLa	cervical adenocarcinoma	; Lacroix (2008)	[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_0238 CVCL_0238]
CHB	Virtual	astrocytoma	unknown	Laboratory rat glial cells?		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_1R45 CVCL_1R45]
CMP, CMPII C2	Virtual	intestinal adenocarcinoma	HeLa	cervical adenocarcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_D297 CVCL_D297] [http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_L115 CVCL_L115]
CO (COLE)	Virtual	Hodgkin's disease	CCRF-CEM	T cell leukemia		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_J653 CVCL_J653]
COLO-818	Virtual	melanoma	COLO-800	melanoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_1998 CVCL_1998]
D18T	Virtual	synovial cell	HeLa	cervical adenocarcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_8669 CVCL_8669]
DAMI	Virtual	megakaryocytic	HEL	erythroleukemia	MacLeod et al. (1997a, b)	[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_4360 CVCL_4360]
DAPT	Virtual	pilocytic astrocytoma	HeLa	cervical adenocarcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_D279 CVCL_D279]
Detroit 6 (Det6)	Virtual	sternal marrow	HeLa	cervical adenocarcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_2436 CVCL_2436]
Detroit 30A (Det30A)	Virtual	carcinoma ascites	HeLa	cervical adenocarcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_8674 CVCL_8674]
Detroit 98 (Det98), Det98/AG, Det98/AH-2, Det98/AHR	Virtual	sternal marrow	HeLa	cervical adenocarcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_8188 CVCL_8188]
DD	Virtual	malignant histiocytosis	K-562	terminal CML	Drexler et al. (2003)	[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_J651 CVCL_J651]
EB33	Virtual	prostate	HeLa	cervical adenocarcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_8344 CVCL_8344]
ECV-304	Virtual	normal endothelium	T-24	bladder carcinoma	Dirks et al. (1999); Lacroix (2008)	[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_2029 CVCL_2029]
EH	Virtual	hairy cell leukemia	HK	hairy cell leukemia	Drexler et al. (2003)	[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_L804 CVCL_L804]
ElCo	Virtual	breast carcinoma	HeLa	cervical adenocarcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_8686 CVCL_8686]
EPLC-32M1	Virtual	lung carcinoma	HeLa	cervical adenocarcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_81937 CVCL_8193]
EPLC-65H	Virtual	lung carcinoma	HeLa	cervical adenocarcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_8194 CVCL_8194]
ESP₁	Virtual	Sporadic Burkitt's lymphoma	HeLa	cervical adenocarcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_8351 CVCL_8351]
EU-1	Virtual	pre-B cell leukemia	REH	pre-B cell leukemia	Drexler et al. (2003)	[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_8857 CVCL_8857]
EU-7	Virtual	T cell leukemia	CCRF-CEM	T cell leukemia	Drexler et al. (2003)	[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_8865 CVCL_8865]
EUE	Virtual	fetal subcutis	HeLa	cervical adenocarcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_7262 CVCL_7262]
EVLC2	Virtual	transfected umbilical vein endothelium	unknown	non-endothelial?	Unger et al. (2002)	[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_8687 CVCL_8687]
F2-4E5	Virtual	thymus epithelium	SK-HEP-1	liver carcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_A040 CVCL_A040]
F2-5B6	Virtual	thymus epithelium	SK-HEP-1	liver carcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_A041 CVCL_A041]
F255A4	Virtual		HeLa	cervical adenocarcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_8688 CVCL_8688]
FL	Virtual	amnion	HeLa	cervical adenocarcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_1905 CVCL_1905]
FQ, RB, RY, SpR	Virtual	Hodgkin's disease spleen	OMK-210	Three-striped night monkey kidney		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_L984 CVCL_L984], [http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_L985 CVCL_L985], [http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_U964 CVCL_U964], [http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_L986 CVCL_L986]
G-11	Virtual	breast carcinoma	HeLa	cervical adenocarcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_U962 CVCL_U962]
GHE	Virtual	astrocytoma	T-24	bladder carcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_8199 CVCL_8199]
Girardi heart		heart	HeLa	cervical adenocarcinoma	; Lacroix (2008)	[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_2254 CVCL_2254]
GM01312		myeloma	unknown	Epstein-Barr virus-transfected B cell lymphoblastoid	Drexler et al. (2003)	[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_J111 CVCL_J111]
GM01500		myeloma	unknown	Epstein-Barr virus-transfected B cell lymphoblastoid	Drexler et al. (2003)	[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_D870 CVCL_D870]
GREF-X	Virtual	liver myofibroblast	unknown	Laboratory rat cell line		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_7667 CVCL_7667]
HAEND		liver angiosarcoma	unknown	non-endothelial?	Unger et al. (2002)	[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_8690 CVCL_8690]
hAG	Virtual	adenomatoid goitre	T-24	bladder carcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_8223 CVCL_8223]
HBC	Virtual	infiltrating ductal carcinoma	unknown	Rat cell line		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_M630 CVCL_M630]
HBT3, HBT-E, HBT-39b	Virtual	breast carcinoma	HeLa	cervical adenocarcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_D281 CVCL_D281], [http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_M746 CVCL_M746], [http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_J652 CVCL_J652]
HCE	Virtual	cervical carcinoma	HeLa	cervical adenocarcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_M619 CVCL_M619]
HEK	Virtual	embryonic kidney	HeLa	cervical adenocarcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_M624 CVCL_M624]
HEK/HRV		transfected embryonic kidney	HeLa	cervical adenocarcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_M625 CVCL_M625]
HEL-R66	Virtual	embryonic lung	unknown	Grivet cell line		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_1R39 CVCL_1R39]
HEp-2	Virtual	larynx epidermoid carcinoma	HeLa	cervical adenocarcinoma	Chen (1988); Lacroix (2008)	[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_1906 CVCL_1906]
HIMeg-1	Existent?	CML	HL-60	myeloblastic leukemia	Drexler et al. (2003)	[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_8439 CVCL_8439]
HKB-1	Virtual	Hodgkin's disease	unknown	unknown	Drexler et al. (2003)	[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_5290 CVCL_5290]
HMV-1	Virtual	melanoma	HeLa	cervical adenocarcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_8233 CVCL_8233]
HPB-ALL	Existent	T cell leukemia	Jurkat	T cell leukemia	Drexler et al. (2003)	[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_1820 CVCL_1820]
HPB-MLT	Virtual	T cell leukemia	HPB-ALL	T cell leukemia	Drexler et al. (2003)	[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_7959 CVCL_7959]
hPTC	Virtual	papillary thyroid carcinoma	unknown	Domestic pig cell line		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_8224 CVCL_8224]
HS-445		Hodgkin's disease	unknown	Epstein-Barr virus-transfected B cell lymphoblastoid	Drexler et al. (2003)	[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_0761 CVCL_0761]
HS-Sultan	Virtual	multiple myeloma plasmacytoma	Jijoye	Endemic Burkitt's lymphoma	Drexler et al. (2001)	[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_2516 CVCL_2516]
HuK°39	Virtual	kidney	HeLa	cervical adenocarcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_8283 CVCL_8283]
HuT	Virtual	fibrosarcoma-derived cell line 8387	HeLa	cervical adenocarcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_M861 CVCL_M861]
IM-9		multiple myeloma	unknown	Epstein-Barr virus-transfected B cell lymphoblastoid	; Lacroix (2008)	[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_1305 CVCL_1305]
IMC-2	Virtual	maxillary carcinoma	HeLa	cervical adenocarcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_8245 CVCL_8245]
Intestine 407 (INT 407)	Virtual	intestinal epithelium	HeLa	cervical adenocarcinoma	; Lacroix (2008)	[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_1907 CVCL_1907]
J96	Virtual	leukemic blood	HeLa	cervical adenocarcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_3990 CVCL_3990]
J111	Virtual	monocytic leukemia	HeLa	cervical adenocarcinoma	; Lacroix (2008)	[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_2965 CVCL_2965]
JHC	Virtual	placenta	HeLa	cervical adenocarcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_M093 CVCL_M093]
JHT	Virtual	transfected placenta	HeLa	cervical adenocarcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_M620 CVCL_M620]
JOSK-I, -K, -M, -S	Virtual	monocytic leukemia	U-937	histiocytic lymphoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_2082 CVCL_2082], [http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_8141 CVCL_81411], [http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_2083 CVCL_2083], [http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_8142 CVCL_8142]
K051	Existent?	myeloblastic leukemia	K-562	terminal CML	Drexler et al. (2003)	[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_3000 CVCL_3000]
Karpas 45	Existent	T cell leukemia	unknown	unknown		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_1326 CVCL_1326]
id="KB" \| KB	Virtual	oral carcinoma	HeLa	cervical adenocarcinoma	; Lacroix (2008)	[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_0372 CVCL_0372]
KBM-3	Existent	monocytic leukemia	HL-60	myeloblastic leukemia	Drexler et al. (2003)	[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_A425 CVCL_A425]
KE-37	Existent	T cell leukemia	CCRF-CEM	T cell leukemia		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_1327 CVCL_1327]
KM-3	Existent?	pre-B cell leukemia	REH	pre-B cell leukemia		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_0011 CVCL_0011]
KMS-21-BM	Existent?	myeloma	unknown	unknown	Drexler et al. (2003)	[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_2991 CVCL_2991]
KPB-M15	Virtual	terminal CML	KYO-1	terminal CML	Drexler et al. (2003)	[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_5308 CVCL_5308]
KP-P₁	Virtual	prostate carcinoma	HeLa	cervical adenocarcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_D283 CVCL_D283]
L132	Virtual	embryonic lung epithelium	HeLa	cervical adenocarcinoma	; Lacroix (2008)	[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_1908 CVCL_1908]
L-540	Existent	Hodgkin's disease	CCRF-CEM	T cell leukemia	Drexler et al. (2003)	[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_1362 CVCL_1362]
L-591	Existent?	Hodgkin's disease	unknown	Epstein-Barr virus-transfected B cell lymphoblastoid	Drexler et al. (2003)	[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_1867 CVCL_1867]
LED-Ti		cervical carcinoma	HeLa	cervical adenocarcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_8438 CVCL_8438]
LR10.6	Virtual	pre-B cell leukemia	NALM-6	pre-B cell leukemia		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_8260 CVCL_8260]
LU	Virtual	fetal lung	HeLa	cervical adenocarcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_M631 CVCL_M631]
LU 106	Virtual	embryonic lung	HeLa	cervical adenocarcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_8892 CVCL_8892]
M10T	Virtual	synovial cell	HeLa	cervical adenocarcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_M094 CVCL_M094]
MA160	Virtual	prostate	HeLa	cervical adenocarcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_8261 CVCL_8261]
MaTu	Virtual	breast carcinoma	HeLa	cervical adenocarcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_5328 CVCL_5328]
MB-02	Existent	megakaryoblastic leukemia	HU-3	megakaryoblastic leukemia		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_7075 CVCL_7075]
MC-4000	Virtual	breast carcinoma	HeLa	cervical adenocarcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_5331 CVCL_5331]
MC/CAR		plasma cell leukemia	unknown	Epstein-Barr virus-transfected B cell lymphoblastoid		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_1397 CVCL_1397]
McCoy	Virtual	synovial cell	Strain L	Laboratory mouse connective tissue		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_3742 CVCL_3742]
MDA-MB-435	Virtual	breast carcinoma	M14	melanoma	Ellison et al. J Clin Pathol Mol Pathol 55, 294-9; Lacroix (2008)	[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_0417 CVCL_0417]
MDS	Virtual	monocytic leukemia	Jurkat	T cell leukemia	Drexler et al. (2003)	[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_L807 CVCL_L807]
MHH-225	Existent?	megakaryoblastic leukemia	Jurkat	T cell leukemia	Drexler et al. (2003)	[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_8894 CVCL_8894]
Minnesota EE	Virtual	esophageal epithelium	HeLa	cervical adenocarcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_8264 CVCL_8264]
MKB-1	Virtual	T cell leukemia	CCRF-CEM	T cell leukemia		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_8265 CVCL_8265]
MOBS-1	Virtual	monocytic leukemia	U-937	histiocytic lymphoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_8442 CVCL_8442]
MOLT-15	Virtual	T cell leukemia	CTV-1	monocytic leukemia		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_8150 CVCL_8150]
MT-1	Virtual	breast carcinoma	HeLa	cervical adenocarcinoma	; Lacroix (2008)	[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_0441 CVCL_0441]
MUTZ-1	Virtual	T cell leukemia	Namalwa	Burkitt's lymphoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_1431 CVCL_1431]
NCTC2544, NCTC3075	Virtual	skin epithelium	HeLa	cervical adenocarcinoma	; Lacroix (2008)	[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_0461 CVCL_0461], [http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_8156 CVCL_8156]
NCI-ADR-RES	Virtual	breast cancer	OVCAR-8	high grade serous ovarian cancer	Liscovitch & Ravid (2007)	[https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_1452 CVCL_1452]
NOI-90	Virtual	natural killer cell lymphoma	REH	pre-B cell leukemia	Drexler et al. (2003)	[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_8462 CVCL_8462]
OE	Virtual	endometrium	HeLa	cervical adenocarcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_J350 CVCL_J350]
OU-AML-1, -2. -3, -4, -5, -6, -7, -8	Virtual	acute myeloid leukemia	OCI/AML2	monocytic leukemia	Drexler et al. (2003)	[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_8391 CVCL_8391], [http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_8392 CVCL_8392], [http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_8393 CVCL_8393], [http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_8394 CVCL_8394], [http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_8395 CVCL_8395], [http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_8396 CVCL_8396], [http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_8397 CVCL_8397], [http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_8398 CVCL_8398]
P1-1A3	Virtual	thymus epithelium	SK-HEP-1	liver carcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_A042 CVCL_A042]
P1-4D6	Virtual	thymus epithelium	SK-HEP-1	liver carcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_A046 CVCL_A046]
P39/Tsugane	Existent	myeloblastic leukemia	HL-60	myeloblastic leukemia	Drexler et al. (2003)	[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_0478 CVCL_0478]
PBEI	Virtual	pre-B cell leukemia	NALM-6	pre-B cell leukemia		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_8270 CVCL_8270]
PLB-985	Virtual	monocytic leukemia	HL-60	myeloblastic leukemia	Drexler et al. (2003)	[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_2162 CVCL_2162]
RAMAK-1	Virtual	muscle synovium	T-24	bladder carcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_8271 CVCL_8271]
RBHF-1	Virtual	hepatoma	unknown	non-human mammal cell line		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_Y465 CVCL_Y465]
RC-2A	Existent?	monocytic leukemia	CCRF-CEM	T cell leukemia		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_L808 CVCL_L808]
RED-3	Virtual	acute myeloid leukemia	HL-60	myeloblastic leukemia	Drexler et al. (2003)	[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_8907 CVCL_8907]
REH-6	Virtual	pre-B cell leukemia	unknown	Laboratory mouse cell line		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_L803 CVCL_L803]
RM-10	Virtual	terminal CML	K-562	terminal CML		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_8463 CVCL_8463]
RPMI-6666		Hodgkin's disease	unknown	Epstein-Barr virus-transfected B cell lymphoblastoid	Drexler et al. (2003)	[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_1665 CVCL_1665]
RPMI-8402	Existent	T cell leukemia	unknown	unknown	; Lacroix (2008)	[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_1667 CVCL_1667]
RS-1	Existent?	megakaryoblastic leukemia	K-562	terminal CML	Drexler et al. (2003)	[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_8423 CVCL_8423]
Rsp		Hodgkin's disease	unknown	Epstein-Barr virus-transfected B cell lymphoblastoid	Drexler et al. (2003)	[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_M628 CVCL_M628]
RT4	Existent	bladder carcinoma	HeLa	cervical adenocarcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_0036 CVCL_0036]
SA4	Virtual	liposarcoma	HeLa	cervical adenocarcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_8910 CVCL_8910]
SAM-1	Virtual	terminal CML	K-562	terminal CML	Drexler et al. (2003)	[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_8440 CVCL_8440]
SBC-2	Virtual	bladder carcinoma	HeLa	cervical adenocarcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_1677 CVCL_1677]
SBC-7	Virtual	bladder carcinoma	HeLa	cervical adenocarcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_1680 CVCL_1680]
SCLC-16H, -24H	Virtual	small cell lung carcinoma	SCLC-21/22H	small cell lung carcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_X025 CVCL_X025], [http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_8262 CVCL_8262]
SH-2	Virtual	breast carcinoma	HeLa	cervical adenocarcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_M622 CVCL_M622]
SH-3	Virtual	breast carcinoma	HeLa	cervical adenocarcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_M383 CVCL_M383]
SPI-801, -802	Virtual	T cell leukemia	K-562	terminal CML		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_2200 CVCL_2200], [http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_2201 CVCL_2201]
SR-91	Virtual	T cell leukemia	AML-193	monocytic leukemia	Drexler et al. (2003)	[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_8441 CVCL_8441]
SW-527	Virtual	tumor	SW-480/SW-620	colon adenocarcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_3799 CVCL_3799]
SW-598	Virtual	tumor	SW-480/SW-620	colon adenocarcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_F649 CVCL_F649]
SW-608	Virtual	tumor	SW-480/SW-620	colon adenocarcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_F653 CVCL_F653]
SW-613	Virtual	tumor	SW-480/SW-620	colon adenocarcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_F650 CVCL_F650]
SW-732	Virtual	tumor	SW-480/SW-620	colon adenocarcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_F651 CVCL_F651]
SW-733	Virtual	tumor	SW-480/SW-620	colon adenocarcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_F652 CVCL_F652]
T-1	Virtual	kidney	HeLa	cervical adenocarcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_M858 CVCL_M858]
T-9	Virtual	transfected somatic	HeLa	cervical adenocarcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_M092 CVCL_M092]
T-33	Existent?	terminal CML	K-562	terminal CML	Drexler et al. (2003)	[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_8427 CVCL_8427]
TDL-1, TDL-2	Virtual	tonsil lymphoid	P3JHR-1	Burkitt's lymphoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_8428 CVCL_8428], [http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_8429 CVCL_8429]
TDL-3	Virtual	tonsil lymphoid	RPMI-1788	lymphoblastoid		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_8430 CVCL_8430]
TDL-4	Virtual	tonsil lymphoid	Raji	Burkitt's lymphoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_8431 CVCL_8431]
TI-1	Virtual	myeloblastic leukemia	K-562	terminal CML	Drexler et al. (2003)	[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_L806 CVCL_L806]
TMM		terminal CML	unknown	Epstein-Barr virus-transfected B cell lymphoblastoid		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_1894 CVCL_1894]
TuWi	Virtual	Wilms' Tumor	HeLa	cervical adenocarcinoma		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_8275 CVCL_8275]
U-937	Existent	histiocytic lymphoma	unknown	unknown		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_0007 CVCL_0007]
UMJF-2		myeloma	unknown	Epstein-Barr virus-transfected B cell lymphoblastoid	Drexler et al. (2003)	[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_M548 CVCL_M548]
UT-7	Existent	histiocytic lymphoma	unknown	unknown		[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_2233 CVCL_2233]
UTMB-460	Virtual	B cell	CCRF-CEM	T cell leukemia	Drexler et al. (2003)	[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_8276 CVCL_8276]
WISH	Virtual	amnion	HeLa	cervical adenocarcinoma	; Lacroix (2008)	[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_1909 CVCL_1909]
Wong-Kilbourne	Virtual	conjunctiva	HeLa	cervical adenocarcinoma	; Lacroix (2008)	[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_2764 CVCL_2764]
WSU-ALCL	Virtual	Anaplastic large cell lymphoma	CCRF-CEM	T cell leukemia	Drexler et al. (2003)	[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_A036 CVCL_A036]
WSU-CLL	Virtual	B cell leukemia	REH	pre-B cell leukemia	Drexler et al. (2002a)	[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_A049 CVCL_A049]
YAA	Virtual	monocyte	U-937	histiocytic lymphoma	Drexler et al. (2003)	[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_8466 CVCL_8466]
YAP	Virtual	monocyte	U-937	histiocytic lymphoma	Drexler et al. (2003)	[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_8467 CVCL_8467]
YJ	Virtual	monocytic leukemia	HL-60	myeloblastic leukemia	Drexler et al. (2003)	[http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_8931 CVCL_8931]

= Contaminated non-human cell lines =

Supposed cell line	Supposed cell type	Real cell line	Real cell type	Cellosaurus
class="wikitable"
GPS-M, GPS-PD	Guinea pig spleen	Strain L-M	Laboratory mouse connective tissue	[http://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_1R31 CVCL_1R31], [http://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_1R32 CVCL_1R32]
LT-1	Leopard frog renal adenocarcinoma	TH-1/FHM	Eastern box turtle heart / Fathead minnow epithelium	[http://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_1R49 CVCL_1R49]

Notes

References

Bibliography

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External links

[http://www.cellosaurus.org/search?input=problematic+cell+lines List of problematic (contaminated/misidentified) cell lines] at Cellosaurus

Category:Cell culture

Category:Cell lines

Category:Medical lists