List of deep fields

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|image1=Hubble Legacy Field.png |caption1=Hubble Legacy Field{{cite web |title=Hubble Assembles Wide View of the Distant Universe |url=https://www.spacetelescope.org/news/heic1909/ |website=www.spacetelescope.org |accessdate=3 May 2019 |language=en}}

|image2=Deepfieldscomparison.jpg |caption2=Comparison of how far in the past some of the Hubble Space Telescope's deep fields have seen in terms of redshift and million years and also how far the James Webb Space Telescope should be able to see.

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In astronomy, a deep field is an image of a portion of the sky taken with a very long exposure time, in order to detect and study faint objects. The depth of the field refers to the apparent magnitude or the flux of the faintest objects that can be detected in the image. Deep field observations usually cover a small angular area on the sky, because of the large amounts of telescope time required to reach faint flux limits. Deep fields are used primarily to study galaxy evolution and the cosmic evolution of active galactic nuclei, and to detect faint objects at high redshift. Numerous ground-based and space-based observatories have taken deep-field observations at wavelengths spanning radio to X-rays.

The first deep-field image to receive a great deal of public attention was the Hubble Deep Field, observed in 1995 with the WFPC2 camera on the Hubble Space Telescope. Other space telescopes that have obtained deep-field observations include the Chandra X-ray Observatory, the XMM-Newton Observatory, the Spitzer Space Telescope, and the James Webb Space Telescope.

{{multiple images |total_width=600 |direction=horizontal |align=center |header=Left: image taken by Hubble (2017) vs Right: the image taken by Webb (2022){{cite news |last1=Chow |first1=Denise |last2=Wu |first2=Jiachuan |title=Photos: How pictures from the Webb telescope compare to Hubble's - NASA's $10 billion telescope peers deeper into space than ever, revealing previously undetectable details in the cosmos.|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/data-graphics/compare-photos-nasas-james-webb-space-telescope-hubble-space-telescope-rcna37875 |date=12 July 2022 |work=NBC News |accessdate=16 July 2022 }}

|image1=NASA-HubbleSpaceTelescope-DeepField-2017.jpg |image2=Webb's First Deep Field (adjusted).jpg

|footer=Deep FieldGalaxy cluster SMACS J0723.3-7327{{cite news |last=Garner |first=Rob |title=NASA's Webb Delivers Deepest Infrared Image of Universe Yet |url=https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/goddard/2022/nasa-s-webb-delivers-deepest-infrared-image-of-universe-yet |date=11 July 2022 |work=NASA |accessdate=12 July 2022 |archive-date=12 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712000119/https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/goddard/2022/nasa-s-webb-delivers-deepest-infrared-image-of-universe-yet/ |url-status=live }}{{cite news |last1=Overbye |first1=Dennis |last2=Chang |first2=Kenneth |last3=Tankersley |first3=Jim |title=Biden and NASA Share First Webb Space Telescope Image – From the White House on Monday, humanity got its first glimpse of what the observatory in space has been seeing: a cluster of early galaxies. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/11/science/nasa-webb-telescope-images-livestream.html |date=11 July 2022 |work=The New York Times |accessdate=12 July 2022 |archive-date=12 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712005736/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/11/science/nasa-webb-telescope-images-livestream.html |url-status=live }}{{cite news |last=Pacucci |first=Fabio |title=How Taking Pictures of 'Nothing' Changed Astronomy - Deep-field images of "empty" regions of the sky from Webb and other space telescopes are revealing more of the universe than we ever thought possible |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-taking-pictures-of-nothing-changed-astronomy1/ |date=15 July 2022|work=Scientific American |accessdate=16 July 2022 }}{{cite news |last1=Deliso |first1=Meredith |last2=Longo |first2=Meredith |last3=Rothenberg |first3=Nicolas |title=Hubble vs. James Webb telescope images: See the difference |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/hubble-james-webb-telescope-images-difference/story?id=86763039 |date=14 July 2022 |work=ABC News |accessdate=15 July 2022 }}{{cite news |last=Kooser |first=Amanda |title=Hubble and James Webb Space Telescope Images Compared: See the Difference - The James Webb Space Telescope builds on Hubble's legacy with stunning new views of the cosmos. |url=https://www.cnet.com/pictures/hubble-and-james-webb-space-telescope-images-compared-see-the-difference/ |date=13 July 2012 |work=CNET |accessdate=16 July 2022 }}{{cite news |last=Atkinson |first=Nancy |title=Now, We can Finally Compare Webb to Other Infrared Observatories |url=https://www.universetoday.com/155686/now-we-can-finally-compare-webb-to-other-infrared-observatories/ |date=2 May 2022 |work=Universe Today |accessdate=12 May 2022 |archive-date=10 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510035557/https://www.universetoday.com/155686/now-we-can-finally-compare-webb-to-other-infrared-observatories/ |url-status=live }}}}

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Table

The following table gives a partial list of deep-field observations taken since 1995.

class="wikitable sortable"
class=unsortable|ImageNameTelescopeYear capturedSize (arcminute)Number of exposures
100pxHubble Deep FieldHubble Space Telescope19952.6′x2.6′342
100pxHubble Deep Field SouthHubble Space Telescope19985.3²′995
100pxChandra Deep Field SouthChandra X-ray Observatory1999–200016′ across11
100pxHubble Ultra-Deep FieldHubble Space Telescope2003–20042.4′x2.4′808
100pxExtended Groth StripHubble Space Telescope2004–200570′x10′over 500
100pxCosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS)Hubble Space Telescope2011
100pxESO's VLT and the SINFONI instrument{{cite news|title=The Feeding Habits of Teenage Galaxies|url=http://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1212/|accessdate=16 March 2012|newspaper=ESO Press Release}}Very Large Telescope2012
100pxHubble eXtreme Deep FieldHubble Space Telescope20122.3′x3′
100pxHubble Ultra-Deep Field (UV/VIS/NIR)Hubble Space Telescope2014
100pxHubble Frontier Fields MACS J0416.1-2403{{cite web|last1=Vogel|first1=Tracy|title=MACS J0416 Data is Complete|url=http://frontierfields.org/2015/01/21/macs-j0416-data-is-complete/|website=Frontier Fields|date=21 January 2015 |accessdate=24 Nov 2015}}Hubble Space Telescope2015
100pxHubble Frontier Fields Abell 2744{{cite web|title=Meet the Frontier Fields: Abell 2744|url=http://frontierfields.org/meet-the-frontier-fields/abell-2744/|website=Frontier Fields|date=4 February 2014 |accessdate=24 Nov 2015}}Hubble Space Telescope2015
100pxHubble Frontier Fields MACS J0717.5+3745Hubble Space Telescope2015
100pxHubble Frontier Fields MACS J1149.5+2223{{cite web|title=A galactic gathering|url=http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/potw1621a/|accessdate=23 May 2016}}Hubble Space Telescope2015
100pxHubble Frontier Fields Abell S1063{{cite web|title=Space... the final frontier|url=http://www.spacetelescope.org/news/heic1615/|website=www.spacetelescope.org|accessdate=25 July 2016}}Hubble Space Telescope2016
100pxHubble Frontier Fields Abell 370{{cite web|title=Abell 370 |url=http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/heic1711a/|work=spacetelescope.org|accessdate=21 Jun 2018}}Hubble Space Telescope2017
100pxHubble Frontier Fields Abell 370 parallel field{{cite web|title=Abell 370 parallel field|url=http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/heic1711b/|work=spacetelescope.org |accessdate=21 Jun 2018}}Hubble Space Telescope2017
100pxHubble Deep UV (HDUV) Legacy Survey{{cite web |last1=Jenkins |first1=Ann |last2=Villard |first2=Ray |last3=Oesch |first3=Pascal |last4=Montes |first4=Mireia |last5=Hille |first5=Karl |title=NASA - Hubble Paints Picture of the Evolving Universe |url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2018/hubble-paints-picture-of-the-evolving-universe |date=16 August 2018 |work=NASA |accessdate=17 August 2018 }}Hubble Space Telescope2018
100pxHubble Legacy FieldHubble Space Telescope201925′x25′7,500
100pxDark Energy Survey{{Cite web |last=info@noirlab.edu |title=Dark Energy Survey Releases Most Precise Look at the Universe's Evolution - First three years of survey data uses observations of 226 million galaxies over ⅛ of the sky |url=https://www.noirlab.edu/public/news/noirlab2118/ |website=www.noirlab.edu |language=en}}{{Cite web |last=info@noirlab.edu |title=Dark Energy Survey deep field image |url=https://www.noirlab.edu/public/images/noirlab2118a/ |website=www.noirlab.edu |language=en}}Víctor M. Blanco Telescope202118.41′x9.64′
100pxWebb's First Deep FieldJames Webb Space Telescope20222.4′ across
100pxJames Webb Space Telescope – JADES (James Webb Space Telescope Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey)
First Deep Field{{cite news |last=Gough |first=Evan |title=Webb Completes its First "Deep Field" With Nine Days of Observing Time. What did it Find? |url=https://www.universetoday.com/159149/webb-completes-its-first-deep-field-with-nine-days-of-observing-time-what-did-it-find/ |date=12 December 2022 |work=Universe Today |accessdate=13 December 2022 }}{{cite news |last=Downer |first=Bethany |title=NASA's Webb Reaches New Milestone in Quest for Distant Galaxies |url=https://webbtelescope.org/contents/early-highlights/nasas-webb-reaches-new-milestone-in-quest-for-distant-galaxies |date=9 December 2022 |work=NASA |accessdate=13 December 2022 }}
| James Webb Space Telescope20224-6′×12′ approx;
(4′×6′ and 6′×6′ subsets adjacent){{cite journal |last1=Robertson |first1=B.E. |last2=Tacchella |first2=S. |last3=Johnson |first3=B.D. |display-authors=etal |date=May 2023 |title= Identification and properties of intense star-forming galaxies at redshifts z > 10 |journal=Nat Astron |volume=7 |issue=5 |pages=611–621 |doi=10.1038/s41550-023-01921-1 |access-date=1 September 2024 |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-023-01921-1 |arxiv= 2212.04480 |bibcode=2023NatAs...7..611R }}
100pxJames Webb Space Telescope – JADES (James Webb Space Telescope Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey){{cite web |title=NASA's Webb Opens New Window on Supernova Science - NASA Science |url=https://science.nasa.gov/missions/webb/nasas-webb-opens-new-window-on-supernova-science |website=science.nasa.gov |date=10 June 2024 |access-date=11 June 2024}}| James Webb Space Telescope2024??′ across
100x100px

|Euclid Deep Field North (EDF-N){{Cite arXiv |eprint=2503.15302 |last1=Collaboration |first1=Euclid |last2=Aussel |first2=H. |last3=Tereno |first3=I. |last4=Schirmer |first4=M. |last5=Alguero |first5=G. |last6=Altieri |first6=B. |last7=Balbinot |first7=E. |last8=de Boer |first8=T. |last9=Casenove |first9=P. |last10=Corcho-Caballero |first10=P. |last11=Furusawa |first11=H. |last12=Furusawa |first12=J. |last13=Hudson |first13=M. J. |last14=Jahnke |first14=K. |last15=Libet |first15=G. |last16=Macias-Perez |first16=J. |last17=Masoumzadeh |first17=N. |last18=Mohr |first18=J. J. |last19=Odier |first19=J. |last20=Scott |first20=D. |last21=Vassallo |first21=T. |last22=Verdoes Kleijn |first22=G. |last23=Zacchei |first23=A. |last24=Aghanim |first24=N. |last25=Amara |first25=A. |last26=Andreon |first26=S. |last27=Auricchio |first27=N. |last28=Awan |first28=S. |last29=Azzollini |first29=R. |last30=Baccigalupi |first30=C. |title=Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1) -- Data release overview |date=2025 |class=astro-ph.GA |display-authors=1 }}

|Euclid

|2025-(data release 3)

|20 deg2

|DR3 visits: 40

111x111px

|Euclid Deep Field South (EDF-S)

|Euclid

|2025-(data release 3)

|23 deg2

|DR3 visits: 45

100x100px

|Euclid Deep Field Fornax (EDF-F), centred on Chandra Deep Field South

|Euclid

|2025-(data release 3)

|10 deg2

|DR3 visits: 52

See also

References

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