List of disasters in Indonesia

{{Further|List of natural disasters in Indonesia|List of earthquakes in Indonesia|List of volcanoes in Indonesia|Indonesian tsunami}}

• The Mount Tambora eruption on 10 April 1815 and the November 1815 Buleleng earthquake contribute to killing 12,000 and eventually 100,000 from famine.{{cite journal|journal= Natural Hazards|title= Deadliest natural disaster in Balinese history in November 1815 revealed by Western and Indonesian written sources| url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/381574777_Deadliest_natural_disaster_in_Balinese_history_in_November_1815_revealed_by_Western_and_Indonesian_written_sources}}
• On 16 February 1861, a major earthquake struck Sumatra, killing thousands.{{cite web|author=Kalashnikova Tamara |url=http://tsun.sscc.ru/tsulab/20041226tsun.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091003213509/http://tsun.sscc.ru/tsulab/20041226tsun.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2009-10-03 |title=Tsunami Laboratory, Novosibirsk, Russia |date= |accessdate=2018-04-15}}
• During 26–27 August 1883, the Krakatoa volcano erupted leading to at least 36,000 deaths. The after effects included a tsunami.{{cite news|last=Bagley|first=Mary|url=https://www.livescience.com/28186-krakatoa.html|title=Krakatoa Volcano: Facts About 1883 Eruption|work=Live Science|date=September 14, 2017|access-date=December 23, 2018}}
• On 2 February 1938, a very large earthquake followed by a tsunami in the Banda Sea caused widespread damage but no fatalities.{{cite journal|url=https://www.scholars.northwestern.edu/en/publications/the-mechanism-of-great-banda-sea-earthquake-of-1-february-1938-ap|title=The mechanism of great Banda Sea earthquake of 1 February 1938: Applying the method of preliminary determination of focal mechanism to a historical event|first1=Emile A.|last1=Okal|first2=Dominique|last2=Reymond|date=15 November 2003|journal=Earth and Planetary Science Letters|volume=216|issue=1–2|pages=1–15|via=www.scholars.northwestern.edu|doi=10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00475-8|bibcode=2003E&PSL.216....1O }}
• The 1976 Bali earthquake happened at 15:13 local time on 14 july, having a magnitude of 6.5 and leaving 573 killed and more than 4,700 injured along with damages of US$195 million.{{cite web|url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1979Disas...3...85L |title=Disaster in Bali Caused by Earthquake 1976 (A Report) |website=ui.adsabs.harvard.edu |date=March 1979 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-7717.1979.tb00203.x}}
• On 26 june 1976, the 1976 Papua earthquake left destruction in the island of Papua, causing landslides that killed at least 422 and left over 5,000 missing that were presumed dead.{{cite web|url=http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/world/world_deaths_sort.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090323041802/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/world/world_deaths_sort.php |url-status=dead |archive-date=2009-03-23 |title=Earthquakes with 1,000 or More Deaths since 1900 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov |access-date=2025-02-08}}

• In 1992 the 1992 Flores earthquake and tsunami happened on December 12, having a magnitude of 7.8 and leaving 2,500 dead and 500 injured.{{cite web|url=https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/5343 |title=Significant Earthquake Information |website=ngdc.noaa.gov |access-date=2025-02-08}}
• In 1997, a series of forest fires broke out, causing a haze in much of Asia and worldwide environmental damage.{{cite web|url=http://www.refdoc.fr/Detailnotice?cpsidt=14087902|title=Refdoc|website=Refdoc.fr}}
• On 26 December 2004, a massive earthquake followed by a tsunami affected fourteen nations with Indonesia worst affected. The tsunami killed a total of approximately 230,000 people.{{cite web|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/photo/2014/12/ten-years-since-the-2004-indian-ocean-tsunami/100878/|title=Ten Years Since the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami|first=Alan|last=Taylor|website=The Atlantic |publisher=}}
• A major earthquake in Yogyakarta on 27 May 2006 killed 5,716 people.{{cite web|url=http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTINDONESIA/Resources/226271-1150196584718/PackageJune13_HIRES_FINAL.pdf|title=Preliminary Damage and Loss Assessment : The 15th Meeting of The Consultative Group on Indonesia|location=Jakarta|date=June 14, 2006|quotation=Yogyakarta and Central Java Natural Disaster|website=Siteresources.worldbank.org|accessdate=5 June 2018}}
• A magnitude 7.7 earthquake caused a tsunami around west and central Java on 17 July 2006 and killed 668 people.{{cite web|url=http://www.drgeorgepc.com/Tsunami2006IndoJava.html|title=THE EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI OF 17 JULY 2006 IN SOUTHERN JAVA, INDONESIA|quotation=Pangandaran disaster of 2006|website=www.drgeorgepc.com}}
• The 2009 Sumatra earthquakes on 30 September caused severe damages in Western Sumatra, killing around 1,110 people and leaving 2,180 injured.{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/indonesia-quake-death-toll-reaches-1-100-1.853782 |title=Indonesia quake death toll reaches 1,100 |publisher=CBC |date=2009-10-01 |access-date=2025-02-08}}

• The 2010 Mentawai earthquake and tsunami occurred on 25 October, severely damaging Western Sumatra and the Mentawai islands, killing 408 people and leaving 303 missing.{{cite web|url=http://itic.ioc-unesco.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1673:301&catid=1444&Itemid=1444|title=25 October 2010, Mw 7.7 Mentawai Region, Indonesia|website=itic.ioc-unesco.org}}

• The 2010 eruptions of Mount Merapi occurred in late October between Central Java and the Special Region of Yogyakarta, killing around 353 people and forcing 350,000 to evacuate.{{cite web|url=https://www.internetgeography.net/topics/the-2010-eruption-of-mount-merapi/ |title=The 2010 eruption of Mount Merapi |website=internetgeography.net |access-date=2025-02-08}}

• The 2016 Aceh earthquake occurred on 7 December, causing significant damage in Aceh province and causing 104 dead and at least 1,200 injured, along with 84,000 displaced.{{cite web|url=https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/10215|title=ngdc.noaa.gov}}
• On 29 November 2017, Cyclone Cempaka struck southern Java and killed at least nineteen.{{cite web|url=https://www.garda.com/crisis24/news-alerts/80111/indonesia-tropical-storm-cempaka-kills-19-on-java-nov-27-29|title=Indonesia: Tropical Storm Cempaka kills 19 on Java Nov. 27-29|website=Garda.com}}
• In early February 2018, floods across Jakarta affected 11,450 people, with over 6,000 evacuated.{{cite web|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2018/02/06/floods-affect-11000-jakarta-residents.html|title=Floods affect 11,000 Jakarta residents|first=The Jakarta|last=Post|publisher=}}
• On 21 February 2018, a Landslide in Pasirpanjang, Brebes, Central Java killed eighteen people.{{cite web|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2018/02/28/seven-still-missing-as-rescuers-stop-search-for-landslide-victims.html|title=Seven still missing as rescuers stop search for landslide victims|first=The Jakarta|last=Post|publisher=}}

• On 28 September 2018, a magnitude 7.5 earthquake followed by a tsunami struck Sulawesi and led to the deaths of at least 4,340 people and injured about 10,679 with about 667 missing.{{cite web|url=https://www.rms.com/blog/2018/10/03/sulawesi-earthquake-and-tsunami-the-deadliest-earthquake-of-2018|title=Sulawesi Earthquake and Tsunami: The Deadliest Earthquake of 2018|first=RMS|last=Post|publisher=}}
• On 22 December 2018, an eruption of the Anak Krakatau volcano and underwater landslides caused the 2018 Sunda Strait tsunami. It led to the deaths of at least 437 people and injured more than 14095.{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-46663158|title=Indonesia tsunami kills hundreds after Krakatau eruption|work=BBC News|date=December 23, 2018|access-date=December 23, 2018}}
• On 4 December 2021, Semeru erupted for a second time in the year – the first having been in January 2021. Semeru erupted a third time on 6 December 2021.
• On 21 November 2022, a magnitude 5.6 earthquake followed by landslide struck West Java and led to the deaths of at least 635 people and injured about 7,729 with about 5 missing.{{Cite web |last=antaranews.com |date=2022-12-12 |title=Cianjur quake death toll climbs to 600: Government |url=https://en.antaranews.com/news/265123/cianjur-quake-death-toll-climbs-to-600-government |access-date=2025-03-28 |website=Antara News |language=en}}

• Mass killings in 1965–66, ruled by the International Criminal Court to constitute a genocide that Indonesia was responsible for and the United Kingdom, the United States, and Australia were complicit in, killed at least 400,000 and up to three million. The killings targeted alleged communists.{{cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2016/07/21/asia/indonesia-genocide-panel/index.html|title=Tribunal: Indonesia guilty of 1965 genocide|first=Juliet|last=Perry|publisher=}}{{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/101east/2012/12/2012121874846805636.html|title=Indonesia's killing fields|website=Aljazeera.com}}
• On 22 April 1974, Pan Am Flight 812, a Boeing 707, crashed into a mountainside near Denpasar, Bali killing all 107 on board.{{cite web|url=http://aviation-safety.net/reports/740422-0.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000305044212/http://aviation-safety.net/reports/740422-0.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 March 2000|title=Accident Report PanAM B707 22 APR 74|date=5 March 2000|publisher=}}
• On 31 March 1981, authorities stormed Garuda Indonesia Flight 206 in Bangkok, Thailand killing five of the Islamic terrorists who had hijacked the domestic flight over Indonesia.{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/03/31/world/indonesians-storm-jet-in-bangkok-freeing-all-55-captives.html|title=INDONESIANS STORM JET IN BANGKOK, FREEING ALL 55 CAPTIVES|last=AP|website=The New York Times |publisher=}}
• On 26 june 1997, Garuda Indonesia Flight 152, an Airbus A300 flying from Soekarno-Hatta International Airport, Tangerang to Polonia International Airport, Medan crashed into mountanious woodlands near Buah Nabar Sibolangit village, killing all 234 on board.{{cite web|https://asn.flightsafety.org/asndb/324128{{
• In May 1998, race riots broke out throughout the country, resulting in largescale fatalities and over 150 reported rapes.{{cite web|url=http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/national/still-no-answers-or-peace-for-many-rape-victims/374845|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100904160043/http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/national/still-no-answers-or-peace-for-many-rape-victims/374845|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 September 2010|title=Still No Answers, or Peace, for Many Rape Victims - The Jakarta Globe|date=4 September 2010|publisher=}}
• On 12 October 2002, the Bali bombings killed at least 182 most of whom were foreign tourists.{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/oct/13/indonesia|title=Bali night club bomb kills 180|last=Staff and agencies|date=13 October 2002|website=the Guardian}}
• On 9 September 2004, a bombing at the Australian embassy in Jakarta killed ten people.{{cite web|url=https://www.smh.com.au/news/World/Australian-embassy-bomb-chief-arrested/2004/11/23/1100972400402.html|title=Embassy bomb chief arrested, says report|website=Smh.com.au}}
• On 30 December 2006, passenger liner MV Senopati Nusantara sank in the Java Sea near Mandalika Island, with hundreds believed to have drowned.{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/6240707.stm|title=Indonesia ferry survivors rescued|date=14 April 2018|website=News.bbc.co.uk}}
• On 1 January 2007, Adam Air Flight 574, a Boeing 737, crashed into the Makassar Strait off the coast of Sulawesi, leaving all 102 occupants missing and presumed dead.{{cite web|url=http://www.atsb.gov.au/publications/investigation_reports/2008/AAIR/pdf/Final_AdamAir_PK_KKW_17032008.pdf |title=Microsoft Word - Draft_Final_Adam_PK-KKW_17032008.doc |date= |accessdate=2018-04-15}}
• On 7 March 2007, Garuda Indonesia Flight 200, a Boeing 737, overshot the runway at Adisucipto International Airport and killed 21 people on board.{{cite web|url=http://www.dephub.go.id/knkt/ntsc_aviation/baru/Final+report+PK-GZC+Release.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928004626/http://www.dephub.go.id/knkt/ntsc_aviation/baru/Final%20report%20PK-GZC%20Release.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 September 2011|title=Final report PK-GZC Release|date=28 September 2011|publisher=}}
• On 26 November 2011, the Kutai Kartanegara Bridge in Borneo collapsed, resulting in 39 deaths.{{cite web|url=http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/home/plans-to-build-new-33-million-bridge-after-disaster/482078|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111202164836/http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/home/plans-to-build-new-33-million-bridge-after-disaster/482078|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 December 2011|title=Plans to Build New $33 million Bridge After Disaster - The Jakarta Globe|date=2 December 2011|publisher=}}
• In 2015, a string of forest fires caused widespread toxic haze, and were described by the Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency as a "crime against humanity".{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/oct/26/indonesias-fires-crime-against-humanity-hundreds-of-thousands-suffer|title=Indonesia's fires labelled a 'crime against humanity' as 500,000 suffer|first=Kate|last=Lamb|date=26 October 2015|website=the Guardian}}
• On 1 April 2018, an oil pipeline owned by state firm Pertamina burst in Balikpapan Bay, Borneo. The oil subsequently ignited leaving several fishermen dead.{{cite web|url=https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/borneo-oil-spill-costs-indonesia-s-poor|title=Borneo oil spill costs Indonesia's poor|publisher=}}{{cite web|url=https://www.ecowatch.com/oil-pipeline-spill-indonesia-2556434833.html|title=Cracked Undersea Pipeline Caused Deadly Oil Spill in Indonesia|date=5 April 2018|publisher=}}
• In April 2018, tainted alcohol was discovered in Jakarta and West Java, which was mixed with caffeinated energy drinks and herbal drinks, and suspected to contain mosquito repellent. At least 82 died, with others hospitalised.{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-indonesia-alcohol/death-toll-from-indonesia-tainted-liquor-rises-to-82-idUSKBN1HI1LN|title=Death toll from Indonesia tainted liquor rises to 82|website=Reuters.com|accessdate=5 June 2018}}

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Disasters