List of echinoderm orders
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File:Ophionereis reticulata 1.jpg]]
File:Sea cucumber at Pulau Redang.jpg
This List of echinoderm orders concerns the various classes and orders into which taxonomists categorize the roughly 7000 extant species{{cite web|url=http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Echinodermata.html|title=Animal Diversity Web - Echinodermata|publisher=University of Michigan Museum of Zoology|accessdate=26 August 2012}} as well as the extinct species of the exclusively marine phylum Echinodermata.
Subphylum [[Crinozoa]]
= Class [[Crinoidea]] =
File:Crinoid on the reef of Batu Moncho Island.JPG
- Subclass Articulata (540 species)
- Order Bourgueticrinida
- Order Comatulida
- Order Cyrtocrinida
- Order Hyocrinida
- Order Isocrinida
- Order Millericrinida
- Subclass †Flexibilia
- Subclass †Camerata
- Subclass †Disparida
{{clr}}
Image:Comaster schlegelii.JPG|Comaster schlegelii (Comatulida)
Image:Holopus 2.jpg|Holopus sp. (Cyrtocrinida)
Image:Encrinus liliiformis 4.JPG|Encrinus liliiformis (Encrinida)
Image:Calamocrinus diomedæ (Plate XXVIII) BHL4232451.jpg|Calamocrinus diomedae (Hyocrinida)
Image:Proisocrinus ruberrimus.jpg|Proisocrinus ruberrimus (Isocrinida)
Image:Liliocrinus polydactylus MHNT.jpg|Liliocrinus polydactylus {{nowrap|(Millericrinida)}}
= Class [[Paracrinoid]]ea † =
No orders, 13 to 15 genera are known.
- order Comarocystitida †
- ?Family Heckeritidae †
- Heckerites †
- Family Amygdalocystitidae †
- Achradocystites † Volborth, 1870
- Amygdalocystites † Billings, 1854 (= Ottawacystis) (?= Billingsocystis)
- Oklahomacystis † Parsley & Mintz, 1975 (Bassler, 1943)
- Ovulocystites † Frest et al., 1980
- Family Comarocystitidae † Balther, 1899
- Comarocystites † Billings, 1854
- Implicaticystis †
- Sinclairocystis †
- order Platycystitida †
- Family Platycystitidae †
- Canadocystis † (= Sigmacystis)
- Platycystites †
- Family Malocystitidae †
- Malocystites †
- Wellerocystis †
- Family Bistomiacystitidae †
- Bistomiacystis †
Doubtful paracrinoids:
- Columbocystis
- Foerstecystis
- Springerocystis
- Ulrichocystis
- Paleocystites
- Allocystites
= Class [[Cystoids|Cystoidea]] =
- order Aristocystitida
- order Asteroblastida
- order Glyptosphaeritida
- order Sphaeronitida
= Class [[Edrioasteroidea]] † =
Subphylum [[Asterozoa]]
= Class Ophiuroidea ([[Brittle star]]s) =
{{See also|List of prehistoric brittle stars}}
- order Euryalida
- order Ophiurida
- order Amphilepidida
- order Ophiacanthida
- order Ophioleucida
- order Ophioscolecida
Image:Basket star feeding at night at the Red Sea.JPG|Astroboa nuda (Euryalida)
Image:Ophiura ophiura.jpg|Ophiura ophiura (Ophiurida)
Image:Ophiolepis elegans 600.jpg|Ophiolepis elegans (Amphilepidida)
Image:Ophiure noire à la Réunion.JPG|Ophiocoma erinaceus (Ophiacanthida)
Image:Ophioleuce seminudum (MNHN-IE-2013-10292) 02.jpg|Ophioleuce seminudum (Ophioleucida)
Image:Ophiomyces frutectosus (MNHN-IE-2013-10282) 02.jpg|Ophiomyces frutectosus (Ophioscolecida)
= Class Asteroidea ([[Starfish]]) =
- Infraclass Concentricycloidea
- Peripodida
- Superorder Forcipulatacea
- Brisingida
- Forcipulatida
- Superorder Spinulosacea
- Spinulosida
- Superorder Valvatacea
- Notomyotida
- Paxillosida
- Valvatida
- Velatida{{cite web |url=http://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/Palaeofiles/Fossilgroups/asteroz2/index_f/mod_fm.html |title=Asterozoa: Fossil groups: SciComms 05-06: Earth Sciences |accessdate=2008-05-07 |publisher=University of Bristol |last=Sweet |first=Elizabeth |date=2005-11-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070714073619/http://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/Palaeofiles/Fossilgroups/asteroz2/index_f/mod_fm.html |archive-date=2007-07-14 |url-status=dead }}
- † Calliasterellidae
- † Trichasteropsida
{{clr}}
Image:Xyloplax janetae.jpg|Xyloplax janetae (Peripodida)
Image:Brisingid Seastar (Novodinia antillensis).jpg|Novodinia antillensis (Brisingida)
Image:Starfish, Oregon coast.jpg|Pisaster ochraceus (Forcipulatida)
Image:Echinaster sepositus Banyuls 03.jpg|Echinaster sepositus (Spinulosida)
Image:Cheiraster echinulatus.jpg|Cheiraster echinulatus (Notomyotida)
Image:Astropecten aranciacus Sardegna09 28cm 5520.jpg|Astropecten aranciacus (Paxillosida)
Image:Linckia laevigata Tonga.jpg|Linckia laevigata (Valvatida)
Image:Euretaster insignis.jpg|Euretaster insignis (Velatida)
Subphylum [[Echinozoa]]
= Class Echinoidea ([[Sea urchin]]s) =
File:Strongylocentrotus purpuratus 1.jpg, a well-armoured sea urchin]]
- Superorder Diadematacia
- Order Diadematoida
- Order Echinothurioida
- Order Pedinoida
- Superorder Echinacea
- Order Arbacioida
- Order Echinoida
- Order Phymosomatoida
- Order Salenioida
- Order Temnopleuroida
- Superorder Gnathostomata
- Order Clypeasteroida (sand dollars)
- Order Holectypoida
- Superorder Atelostomata
- Order Holasteroida
- Order Spatangoida (heart urchins)
Image:Aspidodiadema arcitum.jpg|Aspidodiadema hawaiiense, an Aspidodiadematoida
Image:Diadema antillarum Flower Garden Banks.jpg|Diadema antillarum, a Diadematoida
Image:Caenopedina hawaiiensis.jpg|Caenopedina hawaiiensis, a Pedinoida
Image:Salenocidaris hastigera.png|Salenocidaris hastigera, a Salenioida
Image:Arbacia lixula (oursin noir).JPG|Arbacia lixula, an Arbacioida
Image:Strongylocentrotus franciscanus at Telegraph Cove.jpg|Strongylocentrotus franciscanus, a Camarodonta
Image:S. variolaris.jpg|Stomopneustes variolaris, a Stomopneustoida
Image:Toxic Leather Sea Urchin - Asthenosoma marisrubri.jpg|Asthenosoma marisrubri, an Echinothurioida
Image:Pourtalesia wandeli.png|Pourtalesia wandeli, a Holasteroida
Image:Tiny maretia heart urchin (Maretia planulata).jpg|Maretia planulata, a Spatangoida
Image:Echinoneus cyclostomus.jpg|Echinoneus cyclostomus, an Echinoneoida
Image:Clypeaster reticulatus.jpg| Clypeaster reticulatus, a Clypeasteroida
Image:Echinolampas depressa.png|Echinolampas depressa, an Echinolampadoida
Image:Eucidaris metularia à la Réunion.jpg|Eucidaris metularia, a Cidaroida
= Class Holothuroidea ([[Sea cucumber]]s) =
{{See also|List of prehistoric sea cucumbers}}
- Order Apodida
- Order Dendrochirotida
- Order Elasipodida
- Order Holothuriida
- Order Molpadida
- Order Persiculida
- Order Synallactida
{{clr}}
Image:Euapta godeffroyi1.jpg|Euapta godeffroyi (Apodida)
Image:Cercodemas anceps Red box sea cucumber PC260152.JPG|Cercodemas anceps (Dendrochirotida)
Image:Scotoplanes globosa and crab.jpg|Scotoplanes globosa (Elasipodida)
Image:Holothuria cinerascens Réunion.jpg|Holothuria cinerascens (Holothuriida)
Image:See-through sea cucumber (Paracaudina australis).jpg|Paracaudina australis (Molpadida)
Image:Hansenothuria benti.png|Hansenothuria benti (Persiculida)
Image:Stichopus herrmanni (Mayotte).jpg|Stichopus herrmanni (Synallactida)
= Class [[Ophiocistioidea]] † =
No orders recognized: class is divided up into four families, Eucladiidae, Sollasiniidae, Volchoviidae, and Rhenosquamidae. The inclusion of Rhenosquamidae within Ophiocistioidea is doubtful, as the organs identified in fossils of Rhenosquamus as the characteristic "scaly podia" otherwise diagnostic of ophiocistioids may not, in fact, be such structures.
= Class [[Helicoplacoidea]] † =
No known orders, 2 known species, Helicoplacus curtisi and H. guthi
Subphylum [[Blastozoa]]
= Class [[Blastoidea]] † =
Image:Haeckel Blastoidea.jpg ]]
- Order Coronata †
- Order Fissiculata †
- Order Spiraculata †
- basal Macurdablastus †
= Class [[Eocrinoidea]] † =
Image:Gogia spiralis Robison 1965 - 41 mm.JPG (Eocrinoidea)]]
- Order Ascocystida †
- Order Gogiida †
- Order Imbricata †
- Order Trachelocrinida †
Subphylum [[Homostelea]] / [[Homalozoa]] †
= Class [[Ctenocystoidea]] † =
- order Ctenocystida †