List of ecoregions in Europe

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File:Digital_Map_of_European_Ecological_Regions.png DMEER]]

The continent of Europe comprises a large part of the Palearctic ecozone, with many unique biomes and ecoregions. Biogeographically, Europe is tied closely to Siberia, commonly known as the Euro-Siberian region.

The European Environmental Agency (EEA) divides Europe into a total of eleven terrestrial biogeographical regions and seven regional seas.{{cite web|url=https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/report_2002_0524_154909|title=Europe's biodiversity - biogeographical regions and seas|publisher=EEA|date=30 May 2002|accessdate=4 August 2019}} The agency has issued the Digital Map of European Ecological Regions (DMEER), and operates with a total of 70 ecoregions, of which 58 are within the European continent. Some of these ecoregions are congruent with the World Wildlife Fund's (WWF) ecoregions, and some are not.{{cite web|url=https:/ Environmental Agency (EEA)|date=23 January 2015|accessdate=6 August 2019}}{{cite web|url=https://data.europa.eu/euodp/da/data/dataset/data_digital-map-of-european-ecological-regions|title=[LATEST VERSION] Digital map of European ecological regions|publisher=European Environmental Agency (EEA)|date=12 January 2019|accessdate=6 August 2019}}

List of ecoregions in Europe

Below is an exhaustive list of the ecoregions of Europe as defined by the WWF.

= [[Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests]] =

class="sortable wikitable"

! width="1%"|WWF ID

! width="29%"|Ecoregion (WWF)

! width="20%"|Country

! width="25%"|Map

! width="25%"|Photo

PA0401

| Apennine deciduous montane forests

Ecoregions in the WWF's Global 200 composite ecoregion European-Mediterranean montane mixed forest include:

6 Temperate coniferous forests:

Apennine deciduous montane forests (Austria, France, Italy, Slovenia, Switzerland)
Crimean Submediterranean forest complex (Russia, Ukraine)
Dinaric Mountains mixed forests (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Italy, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia)
North African Mediterranean conifer and mixed forests (Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia)
Pyrenees conifer and mixed forests (France, Spain)
Rodope montane mixed forests (Bulgaria, Greece, Macedonia, Serbia)

and 2 Temperate coniferous forests:

Alps conifer and mixed forests (Austria, France, Italy, Slovenia, Switzerland)
Carpathian montane conifer forests (Czech Republic, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Ukraine)

| Italy

PA0402

| Atlantic mixed forests

| Belgium, Denmark, France, Netherlands, Germany

PA0403

| Azores temperate mixed forests

| Portugal

PA0404

| Balkan mixed forests

| Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Greece, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Turkey

PA0405

| Baltic mixed forestsBaltic mixed forests include Natural beech wood

| Denmark, Germany, Poland, Sweden

PA0406

| Cantabrian mixed forests

| Spain, France, Portugal

PA0408

| Caucasus mixed forests

Ecoregions in the WWF's Global 200 composite ecoregion Caucasus-Anatolian-Hyrcanian temperate forests include:

4 Temperate coniferous forests:

Caucasus mixed forests (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran, Georgia, Russia, Turkey)
Elburz Range forest steppe (Iran)
Northern Anatolian conifer and deciduous forests (Turkey)

2 Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests:

Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests (Azerbaijan, Iran)
Euxine-Colchic deciduous forests (Bulgaria, Georgia, Turkey)

and 1 Montane grasslands and shrublands:

Kopet Dag woodlands and forest steppe (Iran, Turkmenistan)

| Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Russia, and Turkey

PA0409

| Celtic broadleaf forests

| Ireland, United Kingdom

PA0412

| Central European mixed forests

| Austria, Belarus, Czech Republic, Germany, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russia, Ukraine

PA0416

| Crimean Submediterranean forest complex

| Russia, Ukraine

PA0418

| Dinaric Mountains mixed forests

| Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Italy, Kosovo, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia

PA0419

| East European forest steppe

| Bulgaria, Moldova, Romania, Ukraine, Russia

PA0421

| English Lowlands beech forests

| United Kingdom

PA0422

| Euxine-Colchic broadleaf forests

| Bulgaria, Georgia, Turkey

PA0429

| North Atlantic moist mixed forests

| Ireland, United Kingdom (Northern Ireland and Scotland), Denmark (Faroe Islands)

PA0431

| Pannonian mixed forests

| Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine

PA0432

| Po Basin mixed forests

| Italy, Switzerland

PA0433

| Pyrenees conifer and mixed forests

| Andorra, France, Spain

PA0435

| Rodope montane mixed forests

| Bulgaria, Greece, North Macedonia, Serbia

PA0436

| Sarmatic mixed forests

| Belarus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Russia, Sweden

PA0445

| Western European broadleaf forests

| Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Luxembourg. Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland

= [[Temperate coniferous forests]] =

class="sortable wikitable"

! width="1%"|WWF ID

! width="29%"|Ecoregion (WWF)

! width="20%"|Country

! width="25%"|Map

! width="25%"|Photo

PA0501

| Alps conifer and mixed forests

| Italy, France, Switzerland, Germany, Austria, Slovenia

PA0503

| Caledonian conifer Forest

| United Kingdom

PA0504

| Carpathian montane conifer forests

| Czech Republic, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Ukraine

PA0520

| Scandinavian coastal conifer forests

| Norway

= [[Taiga and Boreal forests]] =

class="sortable wikitable"

! width="1%"|WWF ID

! width="29%"|Ecoregion (WWF)

! width="20%"|Country

! width="25%"|Map

! width="25%"|Photo

PA0602

| Iceland boreal birch forests and alpine tundra

| Iceland

PA0608

| Scandinavian and Russian taiga

| Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Russia

PA0610

| Ural montane forests and tundra

| Russia

= [[Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands]] =

class="sortable wikitable"

! width="1%"|WWF ID

! width="29%"|Ecoregion (WWF)

! width="20%"|Country

! width="25%"|Map

! width="25%"|Photo

PA0807

| Faroe Islands boreal grasslands

| Faroe Islands, Denmark

PA0814

| Pontic steppe

| Bulgaria, Romania, Moldova, Ukraine, and Russia

= [[Tundra]] =

class="sortable wikitable"

! width="1%"|WWF ID

! width="29%"|Ecoregion (WWF)

! width="20%"|Country

! width="25%"|Map

! width="25%"|Photo

PA1101

| Arctic desert

| Norway and Russia

PA1106

| Kola Peninsula tundra

| Norway and Russia

PA1108

| Northwest Russian-Novaya Zemlya tundra

| Russia

PA1110

| Scandinavian montane birch forest and grasslands

| Norway, Sweden, and Finland

= [[Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub]] =

class="sortable wikitable"

! width="1%"|WWF ID

! width="29%"|Ecoregion (WWF)

! width="20%"|Country

! width="25%"|Map

! width="25%"|Photo

PA1201

| Aegean and Western Turkey sclerophyllous and mixed forests

| Greece, North Macedonia, Bulgaria, and Turkey

PA1204

| Corsican montane broadleaf and mixed forests

| France

PA1205

| Crete Mediterranean forests

| Greece

PA1208

| Iberian conifer forests

| Spain

PA1209

| Iberian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests

| Spain, Portugal

PA1210

| Illyrian deciduous forests

| Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Greece, Italy, Montenegro, Slovenia

PA1211

| Italian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests

| Italy

PA1215

| Northeastern Spain and Southern France Mediterranean forests

| France, Spain

PA1216

| Northwest Iberian montane forests

| Portugal, Spain

PA1217

| Pindus Mountains mixed forests

| Greece, North Macedonia, and Albania

PA1218

| South Apennine mixed montane forests

| Italy

PA1219

| Southeastern Iberian shrubs and woodlands

| Spain

PA1221

| Southwest Iberian Mediterranean sclerophyllous and mixed forests

| Portugal, Spain

PA1222

| Tyrrhenian–Adriatic sclerophyllous and mixed forests

| Italy, France and Malta

= [[Caspian lowland desert]] =

class="sortable wikitable"

! width="1%"|WWF ID

! width="29%"|Ecoregion (WWF)

! width="20%"|Country

! width="25%"|Map

! width="25%"|Photo

PA1308

| Deserts and Xeric Shrublands

| Russia and Kazachstan

{{reflist|group=Note}}

Global 200 ecoregions in Europe

{{main|Global 200}}

= Terrestrial =

Terrestrial Global 200 ecoregions in Europe comprise three regions of Scandia alpine tundra and taiga, which is present in Finland, Norway, Russia and Sweden:

PA0608 Scandinavian and Russian taiga
PA1106 Kola Peninsula tundra
PA1110 Scandinavian montane birch forest and grasslands

Other Global 200 ecoregions:

PA1214 Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub

= Freshwater =

Global 200 Large river delta ecoregions in Europe:

Volga River Delta (Kazakhstan, Russia)
Danube delta (Bulgaria, Moldova, Romania, Ukraine, Yugoslavia)

Small river ecoregions:

Balkan rivers and streams (Albania, Bosnia and Herzogovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Macedonia, Turkey, Yugoslavia)

= Marine=

There are no marine Global 200 ecoregions in Europe.

Sources

{{cite web|url=https://www.worldwildlife.org/|title=World Wildlife Fund}}
{{cite web|url=https://www.worldwildlife.org/publications/global-200|title=Global 200|publisher=WWF}}

References

{{reflist}}

{{Geography of Europe}}

{{Europe topics}}

External links

{{cite web|url=https://databasin.org/datasets/68635d7c77f1475f9b6c1d1dbe0a4c4c|title=Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World|website=Data Basin|publisher=Conservation Biology Institute|date=|accessdate=5 August 2019}}
Maps and basic data.

Category:Environment of Europe

Ecoregions of Europe

Category:Natural history of Europe

Category:Palearctic ecoregions