Pannonian mixed forests
{{short description|European ecoregion}}
{{more citations needed|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox ecoregion
|name = Pannonian mixed forests
| image =Buchlov (Nature reserve) 4.jpg
| caption = Buchlov Nature Reserve
|map = Ecoregion PA0431.svg
|map_size =
|map_alt =
|map_caption = location of the Pannonian mixed forests
|biogeographic_realm = Palearctic
|biome = temperate broadleaf and mixed forests
|border = Alps conifer and mixed forests
|border1 = Balkan mixed forests
|border2 = Carpathian montane forests
|border3 = Central European mixed forests
|border4 = Dinaric Mountains mixed forests
|border5 = Western European broadleaf forests
|area = 307720
|country = Austria
|country1 = Bosnia and Herzegovina
|country2 = Croatia
|country3 = Czech Republic
|country4 = Hungary
|country5 = Romania
|country6 = Serbia
|country7 = Slovakia
|country8 = Slovenia,
|country9 = Ukraine
|conservation = Critical/endangered
|protected = 55,223 km2 (18
}}
The Pannonian mixed forests is a temperate broadleaf and mixed forests ecoregion in Europe. It covers an area of 307,720 km2 in all of Hungary, most of Slovakia, about half of Croatia and Slovenia, around a third of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Romania, and Serbia, and minor parts of Austria, Czech Republic, and Ukraine.
Flora
The plant communities include mixed oak-hornbeam forests, azoal floodplain vegetation and lowland to montane herb-grass steppes.
Mixed oak-hornbeam forests are mixed forests of pedunculate oak and sessile oak and hornbeam. Sub-Mediterranean thermophilous bitter oak forests grow in warmer areas. These forests are dominated by Quercus pubescens, Quercus cerris, and Quercus frainetto mixed with other trees, mainly Fraxinus ornus and Carpinus orientalis. Higher elevation areas are dominated by European beech and silver birch, downy birch, European aspen and sometimes by conifers Abies alba, Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, Pinus nigra.
Riparian forest and azoal floodplain vegetation occurs along rivers and lakes. It is dominated by Populus nigra, Populus alba, Salix alba, Alnus glutinosa, Fraxinus oxycarpa, Ulmus minor and Quercus robur. Phragmites australis is dominant in most wetlands.
Lowland to montane herb-grass steppes dominate large areas of the ecoregion. The dominant species are Stipa zalesskii, Bromus riparius and the shrubs Prunus fruticosa and Prunus spinosa.{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/pa0431|title = Eastern Europe: Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Ukraine | Ecoregions | WWF}}
Fauna
=Mammals=
{{collist | colwidth = 20em |
- brown bear
- red deer
- roe deer
- eurasian beaver
- eurasian lynx
- grey wolf
- red fox
- european wildcat
- speckled ground squirrel
- European ground squirrel
- common mole
- white toothed pygmy shrew
- Eurasian pygmy shrew
- alpine shrew
- particolored bat
- European free-tailed bat
- wild boar
}}
=Reptiles and amphibians=
{{collist | colwidth = 20em |
- Hermann's tortoise
- nose-horned viper
- field adder
- European green lizard
- great crested newt
- Carpathian newt
- Danube crested newt
- Italian crested newt
- smooth newt
- alpine newt
}}
=Birds=
{{collist | colwidth = 20em |
- little tern
- great bustard
- lapwing
- common redshank
- barn owl
- ural owl
- tawny owl
- Western capercaillie
- black grouse
- Eurasian hoopoe
- mistle thrush
- song thrush
- ring ouzel
- fieldfare
- redwing
- common blackbird
- Eurasian wren
- wallcreeper
- common starling
- barred warbler
- lesser whitethroat
- Eastern subalpine warbler
- orphean warbler
- common whitethroat
- garden warbler
- blackcap
- European turtle dove
- Eurasian collared dove
- western rock nutthatch
- wood nuthatch
}}
References
{{reflist}}
External links
{{commons cat|Pannonian mixed forests}}
- {{WWF ecoregion|name=Pannonian mixed forests|id=pa0431}}
- {{cite web
|title=Pannonian Mixed Forests
|url=https://www.oneearth.org/ecoregions/pannonian-mixed-forests/
|website=One Earth
|date=15 December 2021
}}
- {{cite web
|title=Pannonian Mixed Forests
|url=https://ecoxplore.org/ecoregions/pannonian-mixed-forests/
|website=ecoxplore
}}
- {{cite web
|publisher=European Commission
|title=Pannonian mixed forests
|url=https://dopa-explorer.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ecoregion/80431
|website=DOPA Explorer
}}
{{Paleartic temperate broadleaf and mixed forests}}
Category:Ecoregions of Austria
Category:Ecoregions of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Category:Ecoregions of Croatia
Category:Ecoregions of the Czech Republic
Category:Ecoregions of Romania
Category:Ecoregions of Slovakia
Category:Ecoregions of Slovenia
Category:Ecoregions of Ukraine