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List of emperors of the Han dynasty

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{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}

File:Western Han soldiers 4.jpg

The emperors of the Han dynasty were the supreme heads of government during the second imperial dynasty of China; the Han dynasty (202 BC{{snd}}220 AD) followed the Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) and preceded the Three Kingdoms (220–265 AD). The era is conventionally periodised into the Western Han (202 BC{{snd}}9 AD) and Eastern Han (25–220 AD).

The Han dynasty was founded by the peasant rebel leader Liu Bang, known posthumously as Emperor Gao ({{reign|202|195 BC}}). The longest reigning emperor of the dynasty was Emperor Wu ({{reign|141|87 BC}}), who reigned for 54 years. The dynasty was briefly interrupted by the Xin dynasty of the former regent Wang Mang, but he was killed during a rebellion on 6 October 23 AD.{{sfn|de Crespigny|2006|page=568}} The Han dynasty was reestablished by Liu Xiu, known posthumously as Emperor Guangwu ({{reign|25|57 AD}}) or Guangwu Di, who claimed the throne on 5 August 25 AD.{{sfn|Hymes|2000|p=36}}{{sfn|Beck|1990|p=21}} The last Han emperor, Emperor Xian ({{reign|189|220 AD}}), was a puppet monarch of Chancellor Cao Cao (155–220 AD), who dominated the court and was made King of Wei.{{sfn|Beck|1990|pp=354-355}} On 11 December 220, Cao's son Pi usurped the throne as Emperor Wen of Wei ({{reign|220|226 AD}}) and ended the Han dynasty.{{sfn|Hymes|2000|p=16}}

The emperor was the supreme head of government.{{sfnm|1a1=de Crespigny|1y=2006|p=1216|2a1=Bielenstein|2y=1980|2p=143|3a1=Hucker|3y=1975|3pp=149–150}} He appointed all of the highest-ranking officials in central, provincial, commandery, and county administrations.{{sfn|Wang|1949|pp=141–142}} He also functioned as a lawgiver, the highest court judge, commander-in-chief of the armed forces, and high priest of the state-sponsored religious cults.{{sfnm|1a1=Wang|1y=1949|1pp=141–143|2a1=Ch'ü|2y=1972|2p=71|3a1=de Crespigny|3y=2006|3pp=1216-1217}}

Naming conventions

= Emperor =

File:Han Guangwu Di.jpg ({{reign|25|57 AD}}), as depicted by the Tang artist Yan Liben (600–673)]]

File:Finial in the shape of a dragon head (Eastern Han dynasty; 1992.165.25; cropped).jpg bronze handle with traces of red pigment, in the shape of a dragon's head; for Han emperors, the dragon could represent either good or bad omens depending on circumstance.{{sfn|de Visser|2003|pp=43–49}}]]

The rulers of the previous Shang ({{circa|1600|1050 BC}}) and Zhou ({{circa|1056}}{{snd}}256 BC) dynasties were referred to as 'king' ({{lang|zh|王}} {{tlit|zh|wáng}}).{{sfn|Wilkinson|1998|p=105}} By the time of the Zhou dynasty, they were also referred to as the Son of Heaven.{{sfn|Wilkinson|1998|p=105}} In 221 BC, King Ying Zheng of Qin completed the conquest of all the Warring States of ancient China. To elevate himself above the Shang and Zhou kings, he accepted the new title of Emperor ({{lang|zh|皇帝}} {{tlit|zh|huángdì}}) and is known to posterity as Qin Shi Huang, the 'First Emperor' of Qin. The new title of emperor was created by combining the titles for the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors from Chinese mythology. This title was used by each successive ruler of China until the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1911.{{sfn|Wilkinson|1998|pp=105–106}}

= Posthumous, temple, and era names =

From the Shang until the Sui dynasty (581–618) dynasty, Chinese rulers (both kings and emperors) were referred to by their posthumous names in records and historical texts. Temple names, first used during the reign of Emperor Jing of Han ({{reign|157|141 BC}}), were used exclusively in later records and historical texts when referring to emperors who reigned during the Tang (618–907), Song (960–1279), and Yuan (1271–1368) dynasties. During the Ming (1368–1644) and Qing (1644–1911) dynasties, a single era name was used for each emperor's reign and became the preferred way to refer to Ming and Qing emperors in historical texts.{{sfn|Wilkinson|1998|pp=106-107}}

Use of the era name was formally adopted during the reign of Emperor Wu of Han ({{reign|141|87 BC}}), yet its origins can be traced back further. The oldest method of recording years—which had existed since the Shang—set the first year of a ruler's reign as year one. When an emperor died, the first year of a new reign period would begin. This system was changed by the 4th century BC when the first year of a new reign period did not begin until the first day of the lunar New Year following a ruler's death. When Duke Huiwen of Qin assumed the title of king in 324 BC, he changed the year count of his reign back to the first year.{{sfnm|Wilkinson|1998|pp=176–177}} For his newly adopted calendar established in 163 BC, Emperor Wen of Han ({{reign|180|157 BC}}) also set the year count of his reign back to the beginning.{{sfnm|1a1=Wilkinson|1y=1998|1p=177|2a1=Sato|2y=1991|2p=278}}

Since six was considered a lucky number, the emperors Jing and Wu changed the year count of their reigns back to the beginning every six years.{{sfnm|1a1=Wilkinson|1y=1998|1p=177|2a1=Sato|2y=1991|2p=278}} Since every six-year period was successively marked as yuannian ({{lang|zh|元年}}), eryuan ({{lang|zh|二元}}), sanyuan ({{lang|zh|三元}}), and so forth, this system was considered too cumbersome by the time it reached the fifth cycle wuyuan sannian ({{lang|zh|五元三年}}) in 114 BC.{{sfnm|1a1=Wilkinson|1y=1998|1p=177|2a1=Sato|2y=1991|2p=278}} In that year, a government official suggested that the Han court retrospectively rename every "beginning" with new characters; Emperor Wu accepted this reform in 110 BC.{{sfnm|1a1=Wilkinson|1y=1998|1p=177|2a1=Sato|2y=1991|2pp=278–279}} Since Emperor Wu had just performed the religious feng ({{lang|zh|封}}) sacrifice at Mount Taishan, he named the new era yuanfeng ({{lang|zh|元封}}). This event is regarded as the formal establishment of era names in Chinese history.{{sfnm|1a1=Wilkinson|1y=1998|1p=177|2a1=Sato|2y=1991|2pp=278–279}} Emperor Wu changed the era name once more when he established the 'Great Beginning' ({{lang|zh|太初}} Taichu) calendar in 104 BC.{{sfn|Wilkinson|1998|p=178}} From this point until the end of Western Han, the court established a new era name every four years of an emperor's reign. By the Eastern Han, there was no set interval for establishing new era names, which were often introduced for political reasons and celebrating auspicious events.{{sfn|Wilkinson|1998|p=178}}

Regents and empress dowagers

File:Story of Jin Midi.JPG, a 2nd-century AD stone relief at the Wu Liang shrines in Jiaxiang, Shandong]]

At times, especially when an infant emperor was placed on the throne, a regent, often the empress dowager or one of her male relatives, would assume the duties of the emperor until he reached his majority. Sometimes the empress dowager's faction—the consort clan—was overthrown in a coup d'état. For example, Empress Lü Zhi ({{died-in|180 BC}}) was the de facto ruler of the court during the reigns of the child emperors Qianshao ({{reign|188|184 BC}}) and Houshao ({{reign|184|180 BC}}).{{sfnm|1a1=Loewe|1a2=Twitchett|1y=1986|1p=135|2a1=Hansen|2y=2000|2pp=115–116}} Her faction was overthrown during the Lü Clan disturbance of 180 BC and Liu Heng was named emperor (posthumously known as Emperor Wen).{{sfnm|1a1=Loewe|1y=1986|1a2=Twitchett|1pp=136–137|2a1=Torday|2y=1997|2p=78}} Before Emperor Wu died in 87 BC, he had invested Huo Guang ({{died-in|68 BC}}), Jin Midi ({{died-in|86 BC}}), and Shangguan Jie ({{lang|zh|上官桀}}; {{died-in|80 BC}}) with the power to govern as regents over his successor Emperor Zhao of Han ({{reign|87|74 BC}}). Huo Guang and Shangguan Jie were both grandfathers to Empress Shangguan ({{died-in|37 BC}}), wife of Emperor Zhao, while the ethnically-Xiongnu Jin Midi was a former slave who had worked in an imperial stable. After Jin died and Shangguan was executed for treason, Huo Guang was the sole ruling regent. Following his death, the Huo family faction was overthrown by Emperor Xuan of Han ({{reign|74|49 BC}}), in revenge for Huo Guang poisoning his wife Empress Xu Pingjun ({{died-in|71 BC}}) so that he could marry Huo's daughter Empress Huo Chengjun ({{died-in|54 BC}}).{{sfnm|1a1=Loewe|1a2=Twitchett|1y=1986|1pp=174–187|2a1=Huang|2y=1988|2p=44–46}}

List of emperors

{{See also|Chinese emperors family tree (early)#Han dynasty, Xin dynasty and Shu Han|label 1= Han emperors family tree}}

Below is a complete list of emperors of the Han dynasty, including their personal, posthumous, and era names. Excluded from the list are de facto rulers such as regents and empress dowagers.

class="wikitable plainrowreaders" style="width:100%; text-align:center"

|+ Western Han (202 BC{{snd}}9 AD)

! scope="col" style="width:5em" | Sovereign

! colspan="2" scope="col" | Personal name

! scope="col" style="width:7.5em" | Reigned from

! scope="col" style="width:7.5em" | Reigned until

! colspan="2" | Posthumous name{{efn|name="posthumous"|Besides Liu Bang and Liu Xiu, the word xiao ({{lang|zh|孝}} 'filial') was prefixed to all posthumous names, although it is usually omitted by scholars. The word huangdi ({{lang|zh|皇帝}} emperor) is also abbreviated. Commonly only the second character is used; e.g., Wudi ({{lang|zh|武帝}}, Emperor Wu) for Xiaowu Huangdi ({{lang|zh|孝{{du|武}}皇{{du|帝}}}}).{{sfn|Dubs|1945|p=29}}}}

! scope="col" colspan="2" | Temple name

! scope="col" colspan="2" | Era name

! scope="col" style="width:7.5em" | YearsThe years of the Chinese lunisolar calendar do not correspond exactly with the years given in the column for era names. Some years given in the table also belong to two reign periods because some era names were adopted before the beginning of the following year.

scope="row" | Emperor Gaozu

| Liu Bang

| style="min-width:1ic" | {{Vtext-css3|劉邦}}

| 28 February{{sfnm|1a1=Barbieri-Low|1a2=Yates|1pp=xix–xx|1y=2015|2a1=Hulsewé|2y=1995|2pp=226–230}} 202 BC

| 1 June{{sfnm|1a1=Grand Scribe's Records|1p=108}} 195 BCLatin spelling, Chinese characters, and date range come from {{harvnb|Paludan|1998|p=28}}

| Emperor Gao

| style="min-width:1ic" | {{Vtext-css3|高皇帝}}

| Taizu

| style="min-width:1ic" | {{Vtext-css3|太祖}}

| colspan="3" rowspan="4" {{N/A|—{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=433–443}}}}

scope="row" | Emperor Hui

| Liu Ying

| {{Vtext-css3|劉盈}}

| 23 June{{sfnm|1a1=Barbieri-Low|1a2=Yates|1pp=xix–xx|1y=2015|2a1=Hulsewé|2y=1995|2pp=226–230|3a1=Vervoorn|3y=1990|3pp=311–312}} 195 BC

| 26 September{{sfnm|1a1=Grand Scribe's Records|1pp=114–115}} 188 BCLatin spelling, Chinese characters, and date range come from {{harvnb|Paludan|1998|pp=28, 31}}

| Emperor Xiaohui

| {{Vtext-css3|孝惠皇帝}}

| colspan="2" {{N/A}}

scope="row" | Emperor Qianshao

| Liu Gong

| {{Vtext-css3|劉恭}}

| 19 October{{sfnm|1a1=Grand Scribe's Records|1pp=114–115}} 188 BC

| 15 June{{sfnm|1a1=Grand Scribe's Records|1p=122}} 184 BCLatin spelling, Chinese characters, and date range come from {{harvnb|Loewe|Twitchett|1986|p=xxxix}}

| colspan="2" {{N/A}}

| colspan="2" {{N/A}}

scope="row" | Emperor Houshao

| Liu Hong

| {{Vtext-css3|劉弘}}

| 15 June{{sfn|Grand Scribe's Records|p=122}} 184 BC

| 14 November{{sfn|Grand Scribe's Records|p=136}} 180 BC

| colspan="2" {{N/A}}

| colspan="2" {{N/A}}

scope="row" rowspan="2" | Emperor Wen

| rowspan="2" | Liu Heng

| rowspan="2" | {{Vtext-css3|劉恆}}

| rowspan="2" | 14 November{{sfnm|1a1=Barbieri-Low|1a2=Yates|1pp=xix–xx|1y=2015|2a1=Hulsewé|2y=1995|2pp=226–230|3a1=Vervoorn|3y=1990|3pp=311–312}} 180 BC

| rowspan="2" | 6 July{{sfnm|1a1=Vervoorn|1y=1990|1p=312}}
157 BCLatin spelling, Chinese characters, and date range come from {{harvnb|Paludan|1998|pp=28, 33}}.

| rowspan="2" | Emperor Xiaowen

| rowspan="2" | {{Vtext-css3|孝文皇帝}}

| rowspan="2" |Taizong

| rowspan="2" | {{Vtext-css3|太宗}}

| Qianyuan

| {{Vtext-css3|前元}}

| 179–164 BC{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=444–447}}

Houyuan

| {{Vtext-css3|後元}}

| 163–156 BC{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=444–447}}

scope="row" rowspan="3" | Emperor Jing

| rowspan="3" | Liu Qi

| rowspan="3" | {{Vtext-css3|劉啟}}

| rowspan="3" | 14 July{{sfnm|1a1=Barbieri-Low|1a2=Yates|1pp=xix–xx|1y=2015|2a1=Vervoorn|2y=1990|2p=312}}
157 BC

| rowspan="3" | 9 March{{sfnm|1a1=Grand Scribe's Records|1p=213}} 141 BC

| rowspan="3" | Emperor Xiaojing

| rowspan="3" | {{Vtext-css3|孝景皇帝}}

| colspan="2" rowspan="3" {{N/A}}

| Qianyuan

| {{Vtext-css3|前元}}

| 156–150 BC{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=447–452}}

Zhongyuan

| {{Vtext-css3|中元}}

| 149–143 BC{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=447–452}}

Houyuan

| {{Vtext-css3|後元}}

| 143–141 BC{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=447–452}}

scope="row" rowspan="11" | Emperor Wu

| rowspan="11" | Liu Che

| rowspan="11" | {{Vtext-css3|劉徹}}

| rowspan="11" | 10 March{{sfnm|1a1=Barbieri-Low|1a2=Yates|1pp=xix–xx|1y=2015|2a1=Hulsewé|2y=1995|2pp=226–230|3a1=Vervoorn|3y=1990|3pp=311–312}} 141 BC

| rowspan="11" | 29 March{{sfnm|1a1=Hymes|1p=11|1y=2000|2a1=Hulsewé|2y=1995|2pp=226–230}} 87 BCLatin spelling, Chinese characters, and date range come from {{harvnb|Paludan|1998|pp=28, 36}} and {{harvnb|Loewe|2000|pp=273–280}}.

| rowspan="11" | Emperor Xiaowu

| rowspan="11" | {{Vtext-css3|孝武皇帝}}

| rowspan="11" | Shizong

| rowspan="11" | {{Vtext-css3|世宗}}

| Jianyuan

| {{Vtext-css3|建元}}

| 141–135 BC{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=452–471}}

Yuanguang

| {{Vtext-css3|元光}}

| 134–129 BC{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=452–471}}

Yuanshuo

| {{Vtext-css3|元朔}}

| 128–123 BC{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=452–471}}

Yuanshou

| {{Vtext-css3|元狩}}

| 122–117 BC{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=452–471}}

Yuanding

| {{Vtext-css3|元鼎}}

| 116–111 BC{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=452–471}}

Yuanfeng

| {{Vtext-css3|元封}}

| 110–105 BC{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=452–471}}

Taichu

| {{Vtext-css3|太初}}

| 104–101 BC{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=452–471}}

Tianhan

| {{Vtext-css3|天漢}}

| 100–97 BC{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=452–471}}

Taishi

| {{Vtext-css3|太始}}

| 96–93 BC{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=452–471}}

Zhenghe

| {{Vtext-css3|征和}}

| 92–89 BC{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=452–471}}

Houyuan

| {{Vtext-css3|後元}}

| 88–87 BC{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=452–471}}

scope="row" rowspan="3" | Emperor Zhao

| rowspan="3" | Liu Fuling

| rowspan="3" | {{Vtext-css3|劉弗陵}}

| rowspan="3" | 30 March{{sfnm|1a1=Barbieri-Low|1a2=Yates|1pp=xix–xx|1y=2015|2a1=Vervoorn|2y=1990|2p=312}} 87 BC

| rowspan="3" | 5 June{{sfnm|1a1=Barbieri-Low|1a2=Yates|1pp=xix–xx|1y=2015|2a1=Vervoorn|2y=1990|2p=312}} 74 BCLatin spelling, Chinese characters, and date range come from {{harvnb|Paludan|1998|p=40}}.

| rowspan="3" | Emperor Xiaozhao

| rowspan="3" | {{Vtext-css3|孝昭皇帝}}

| colspan="2" rowspan="3" {{N/A}}

| Shiyuan

| {{Vtext-css3|始元}}

| 86–80 BC{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=471–473}}

Yuanfeng

| {{Vtext-css3|元鳳}}

| 80–75 BC{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=471–473}}

Yuanping

| {{Vtext-css3|元平}}

| 74 BC{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=471–473}}

scope="row" | Marquis of Haihun

| Liu He

| {{Vtext-css3|劉賀}}

| 18 July{{sfnm|1a1=Barbieri-Low|1a2=Yates|1pp=xix–xx|1y=2015|2a1=Vervoorn|2y=1990|2p=312}}
74 BC

| 14 August{{sfnm|1a1=Barbieri-Low|1a2=Yates|1pp=xix–xx|1y=2015|2a1=Vervoorn|2y=1990|2p=312}} 74 BC

| colspan="2" {{N/A}}

| colspan="2" {{N/A}}

| Yuanping

| {{Vtext-css3|元平}}

| 74 BC{{sfn|Bo|1977|p=473}}

scope="row" rowspan="7" | Emperor Xuan

| rowspan="7" | Liu Bingyi

| rowspan="7" | {{Vtext-css3|劉病已}}

| rowspan="7" | 10 September{{sfnm|1a1=Barbieri-Low|1a2=Yates|1pp=xix–xx|1y=2015|2a1=Vervoorn|2y=1990|2p=312}} 74 BC

| rowspan="7" | 10 January{{sfn|Vervoorn|1990|p=312}} 49 BC

| rowspan="7" | Emperor Xiaoxuan

| rowspan="7" | {{Vtext-css3|孝宣皇帝}}

| rowspan="7" | Zhongzong

| rowspan="7" | {{Vtext-css3|中宗}}

| Benshi

| {{Vtext-css3|本始}}

| 73–70 BC{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=473–480}}

Dijie

| {{Vtext-css3|地節}}

| 69–66 BC{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=473–480}}

Yuankang

| {{Vtext-css3|元康}}

| 65–61 BC{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=473–480}}

Shenjue

| {{Vtext-css3|神爵}}

| 61–58 BC{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=473–480}}

Wufeng

| {{Vtext-css3|五鳳}}

| 57–54 BC{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=473–480}}

Ganlu

| {{Vtext-css3|甘露}}

| 53–50 BC{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=473–480}}

Huanglong

| {{Vtext-css3|黃龍}}

| 49 BC{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=473–480}}

scope="row" rowspan="4" | Emperor Yuan

| rowspan="4" | Liu Shi

| rowspan="4" | {{Vtext-css3|劉奭}}

| rowspan="4" | 29 January{{sfnm|1a1=Barbieri-Low|1a2=Yates|1pp=xix–xx|1y=2015|2a1=Vervoorn|2y=1990|2p=312}} 49 BC

| rowspan="4" | 8 July{{sfnm|1a1=Loewe|1a2=Twitchett|1p=225|1y=1986}} 33 BCLatin spelling, Chinese characters, and date range from {{harvnb|Paludan|1998|pp=40, 42}}.

| rowspan="4" | Emperor Xiaoyuan

| rowspan="4" | {{Vtext-css3|孝元皇帝}}

| rowspan="4" | Gaozong

| rowspan="4" | {{Vtext-css3|高宗}}

| Chuyuan

| {{Vtext-css3|初元}}

| 48–44 BC{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=481–484}}

Yongguang

| {{Vtext-css3|永光}}

| 43–39 BC{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=481–484}}

Jianzhao

| {{Vtext-css3|建昭}}

| 38–34 BC{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=481–484}}

Jingning

| {{Vtext-css3|竟寧}}

| 33 BC{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=481–484}}

scope="row" rowspan="7" | Emperor Cheng

| rowspan="7" | Liu Ao

| rowspan="7" | {{Vtext-css3|劉驁}}

| rowspan="7" | 4 August{{sfnm|1a1=Loewe|1a2=Twitchett|1y=1986|1p=225|2a1=Vervoorn|2y=1990|2p=313|3a1=Barbieri-Low|3a2=Yates|3p=xx|3y=2015}} 33 BC

| rowspan="7" | 17 April{{sfnm|1a1=Loewe|1a2=Twitchett|1y=1986|1p=227|2a1=Vervoorn|2y=1990|2p=313}}
7 BC

| rowspan="7"| Emperor Xiaocheng

| rowspan="7" | {{Vtext-css3|孝成皇帝}}

| rowspan="7" | Tongzong

| rowspan="7" | {{Vtext-css3|統宗}}

| Jianshi

| {{Vtext-css3|建始}}

| 32–28 BC{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=485–489}}

Heping

| {{Vtext-css3|河平}}

| 28–25 BC{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=485–489}}

Yangshuo

| {{Vtext-css3|陽朔}}

| 24–21 BC{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=485–489}}

Hongjia

| {{Vtext-css3|鴻嘉}}

| 20–17 BC{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=485–489}}

Yongshi

| {{Vtext-css3|永始}}

| 16–13 BC{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=485–489}}

Yuanyan

| {{Vtext-css3|元延}}

| 12–9 BC{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=485–489}}

Suihe

| {{Vtext-css3|綏和}}

| 8–7 BC{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=485–489}}

scope="row" rowspan="2" | Emperor Ai

| rowspan="2" | Liu Xin

| rowspan="2" | {{Vtext-css3|劉欣}}

| rowspan="2" | 7 May{{sfnm|1a1=Barbieri-Low|1a2=Yates|1p=xx|1y=2015|2a1=Vervoorn|2y=1990|2p=312}}
7 BC

| rowspan="2" | 15 August{{sfnm|1a1=Loewe|1a2=Twitchett|1y=1986|1p=227|2a1=Vervoorn|2y=1990|2p=313}} 1 BC

| rowspan="2" | Emperor Xiao'ai

| rowspan="2" | {{Vtext-css3|孝哀皇帝}}

| colspan="2" rowspan="2" {{N/A}}

| Jianping

| {{Vtext-css3|建平}}

| 6–3 BC{{sfn|Bo|1977|p=490}}

Yuanshou

| {{Vtext-css3|元壽}}

| 2–1 BC{{sfn|Bo|1977|p=490}}

scope="row" | Emperor Ping

| Liu Kan

| {{Vtext-css3|劉衎}}

| 17 October{{sfnm|1a1=Barbieri-Low|1a2=Yates|1p=xx|1y=2015|2a1=Hymes|2y=2000|2p=12|3a1=Vervoorn|3y=1990|3p=313}} 1 BC

| 3 February{{sfnm|1a1=Hymes|1y=2000|1p=13|2a1=Vervoorn|2y=1990|2p=313}} 6 AD

| Emperor Xiaoping

| {{Vtext-css3|孝平皇帝}}

| Yuanzong

| {{Vtext-css3|元宗}}

| Yuanshi

| {{Vtext-css3|元始}}

| 1–5 AD{{harvnb|Bo|1977|p=495}}. While traditional sources do not give an exact date when the Yuanshi era was announced, it was implied that the first year of Yuanshi did not start until the first month of the lunar calendar – i.e., in 1 AD. See, e.g., Ban Gu, Book of Han, vol. 12.

scope="row" rowspan="2" | Ruzi Ying{{efn|Ruzi was prince, rather than emperor of Han. Officially, the throne of emperor of Han was vacant during 6–9 AD.}}

| rowspan="2" | Liu Ying

| rowspan="2" | {{Vtext-css3|劉嬰}}

| rowspan="2" | 17 April{{sfnm|1a1=Loewe|1a2=Twitchett|1y=1986|1p=231|2a1=Vervoorn|2y=1990|2p=313}}
6 AD

| rowspan="2" | 10 January{{sfnm|1a1=Loewe|1a2=Twitchett|1y=1986|1p=231|2a1=Vervoorn|2y=1990|2p=313}} 9 AD

| colspan="2" rowspan="2" {{N/A}}

| colspan="2" rowspan="2" {{N/A}}

| Jushe

| style="min-width:1ic" | {{Vtext-css3|居攝}}

| 6–8 AD{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=495–496}}

Chushi

| style="min-width:1ic" | {{Vtext-css3|初始}}

| 9 AD

class="wikitable plainrowreaders" style="width:100%; text-align:center"

|+ Continuation of the Han under the Xin dynasty (9–23 AD)

! scope="col" style="width:5em" | Sovereign

! colspan="2" scope="col" | Personal name

! scope="col" style="width:7.5em" | Reigned from

! scope="col" style="width:7.5em" | Reigned until

! colspan="2" | Posthumous name{{efn|name="posthumous"}}

! scope="col" colspan="2" | Temple name

! scope="col" colspan="2" | Era name

! scope="col" style="width:7.5em" | Years

scope="row" | Gengshi Emperor

| Liu Xuan

| style="min-width:1ic" | {{Vtext-css3|劉玄}}

| 11 March{{sfnm|1a1=Loewe|1a2=Twitchett|1y=1986|1pp=246–251|2a1=Vervoorn|2y=1990|2p=313}} 23 AD

| November{{sfnm|1a1=Loewe|1a2=Twitchett|1y=1986|1pp=246–251|2a1=Vervoorn|2y=1990|2p=313}} 25 ADLatin spelling, Chinese characters, and date range from {{harvnb|de Crespigny|2006|pp=558–560}}.

| King Wushun of Huaiyang

| style="min-width:1ic" | {{Vtext-css3|淮陽王}}

| Yanzong

| style="min-width:1ic" | {{Vtext-css3|延宗}}

| Gengshi

| style="min-width:1ic" | {{Vtext-css3|更始}}

| 23–25 AD{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=500–501}}

class="wikitable plainrowreaders" style="width:100%; text-align:center"

|+ Eastern Han (25–220 AD)

! scope="col" style="width:5.5em" | Sovereign

! colspan="2" scope="col" | Personal name

! scope="col" style="width:7.5em" | Reigned from

! scope="col" style="width:7.5em" | Reigned until

! colspan="2" | Posthumous name{{efn|name="posthumous"}}

! scope="col" colspan="2" | Temple name

! scope="col" colspan="2" | Era name

! scope="col" style="width:7.5em" | Years

scope="row" rowspan="2" | Emperor Guangwu

| rowspan="2" | Liu Xiu

| rowspan="2" style="min-width:1ic" | {{Vtext-css3|劉秀}}

| rowspan="2" | 5 August{{sfnm|1a1=Barbieri-Low|1a2=Yates|1p=xx|1y=2015|2a1=de Crespigny|2y=2006|2p=xxxiii|3a1=Loewe|3a2=Twitchett|3y=1986|3pp=xl–xli}} 25 AD

| rowspan="2" | 29 March{{sfnm|1a1=Loewe|1a2=Twitchett|1pp=xl–xli|1y=1986|2a1=de Crespigny|2y=2006|2p=xxxiii}} 57 ADLatin spelling, Chinese characters, and date range from {{harvnb|Paludan|1998|p=44}} and {{harvnb|de Crespigny|2006|pp=557–566}}.

| rowspan="2" | Emperor Guangwu

| style="min-width:1ic" rowspan="2" | {{Vtext-css3|光武皇帝}}

| rowspan="2" | Shizu

| style="min-width:1ic" rowspan="2" | {{Vtext-css3|世祖}}

| Jianwu

| style="min-width:1ic" | {{Vtext-css3|建武}}

| 25–56 AD{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=501–509}}

Jianwu-zhongyuan

| {{Vtext-css3|建武中元}}

| 56–57 AD{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=501–509}}

scope="row" | Emperor Ming

| Liu Zhuang

| {{Vtext-css3|劉莊}}

| 29 March{{sfnm|1a1=Barbieri-Low|1a2=Yates|1p=xx|1y=2015|2a1=de Crespigny|2y=2006|2p=xxxiii|3a1=Loewe|3a2=Twitchett|3y=1986|3pp=xl–xli}} 57 AD

| 5 September{{sfnm|1a1=Loewe|1a2=Twitchett|1pp=xl–xli|1y=1986|2a1=de Crespigny|2y=2006|2p=xxxiii}} 75 ADLatin spelling, Chinese characters, and date range from {{harvnb|Paludan|1998|pp=44, 49}} and {{harvnb|de Crespigny|2006|pp=604–609}}.

| Emperor Xiaoming

| {{Vtext-css3|孝明皇帝}}

| Xianzong

| {{Vtext-css3|顯宗}}

| Yongping

| {{Vtext-css3|永平}}

| 57–75 AD{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=509–513}}

scope="row" rowspan="3" | Emperor Zhang

| rowspan="3" | Liu Da

| rowspan="3" | {{Vtext-css3|劉炟}}

| rowspan="3" | 5 September{{sfnm|1a1=Barbieri-Low|1a2=Yates|1p=xx|1y=2015|2a1=de Crespigny|2y=2006|2p=xxxiii|3a1=Loewe|3a2=Twitchett|3y=1986|3pp=xl–xli}} 75 AD

| rowspan="3" | 9 April{{sfnm|1a1=Loewe|1a2=Twitchett|1pp=xl–xli|1y=1986|2a1=de Crespigny|2y=2006|2p=xxxiii}}
88 ADLatin spelling, Chinese characters, and date range from {{harvnb|Paludan|1998|pp=44, 49}} and {{harvnb|de Crespigny|2006|pp=495–500}}.

| rowspan="3" | Emperor Xiaozhang

| rowspan="3" | {{Vtext-css3|孝章皇帝}}

| rowspan="3" | Suzong

| rowspan="3" | {{Vtext-css3|肃宗}}

| Jianchu

| {{Vtext-css3|建初}}

| 76–84 AD{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=514–516}}

Yuanhe

| {{Vtext-css3|元和}}

| 84–87 AD{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=514–516}}

Zhanghe

| {{Vtext-css3|章和}}

| 87–88 AD{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=514–516}}

scope="row" rowspan="2" | Emperor He

| rowspan="2" | Liu Zhao

| rowspan="2" | {{Vtext-css3|劉肇}}

| rowspan="2" | 9 April{{sfnm|1a1=Barbieri-Low|1a2=Yates|1p=xx|1y=2015|2a1=de Crespigny|2y=2006|2p=xxxiii|3a1=Loewe|3a2=Twitchett|3y=1986|3pp=xl–xli}} 88 AD

| rowspan="2" | 13 February{{sfnm|1a1=Loewe|1a2=Twitchett|1pp=xl–xli|1y=1986|2a1=de Crespigny|2y=2006|2p=xxxiii}} 106 ADLatin spelling, Chinese characters, and date range from {{harvnb|Paludan|1998|p=50}} and {{harvnb|de Crespigny|2006|pp=588–592}}.

| rowspan="2" | Emperor Xiaohe

| rowspan="2" | {{Vtext-css3|孝和皇帝}}

| rowspan="2" | Muzong

| rowspan="2" | {{Vtext-css3|穆宗}}

| Yongyuan

| {{Vtext-css3|永元}}

| 89–105 AD{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=517–523}}

Yuanxing

| {{Vtext-css3|元興}}

| 105 AD{{sfn|Bo|1977|p=523}}

scope="row" | Emperor Shang

| Liu Long

| {{Vtext-css3|劉隆}}

| 13 February{{sfnm|1a1=Barbieri-Low|1a2=Yates|1p=xx|1y=2015|2a1=de Crespigny|2y=2006|2p=xxxiii|3a1=Loewe|3a2=Twitchett|3y=1986|3pp=xl–xli}} 106 AD

| 21 September{{sfnm|1a1=Loewe|1a2=Twitchett|1pp=xl–xli|1y=1986|2a1=de Crespigny|2y=2006|2p=xxxiii}} 106 ADLatin spelling, Chinese characters, and date range from {{harvnb|Paludan|1998|p=50}} and {{harvnb|de Crespigny|2006|p=531}}.

| Emperor Xiaoshang

| {{Vtext-css3|孝殤皇帝}}

| colspan="2" {{N/A}}

| Yanping

| {{Vtext-css3|延平}}

| 106 AD{{sfn|Bo|1977|p=524}}

scope="row" rowspan="5" | Emperor An

| rowspan="5" | Liu Hu

| rowspan="5" | {{Vtext-css3|劉祜}}

| rowspan="5" | 23 September{{sfnm|1a1=Barbieri-Low|1a2=Yates|1p=xx|1y=2015|2a1=de Crespigny|2y=2006|2p=xxxiii|3a1=Loewe|3a2=Twitchett|3y=1986|3pp=xl–xli}} 106 AD

| rowspan="5" | 30 April{{sfnm|1a1=Loewe|1a2=Twitchett|1pp=xl–xli|1y=1986|2a1=de Crespigny|2y=2006|2p=xxxiii}} 125 ADLatin spelling, Chinese characters, and date range from {{harvnb|Paludan|1998|p=50}} and {{harvnb|de Crespigny|2006|pp=580–583}}.

| rowspan="5" | Emperor Xiao'an

| rowspan="5" | {{Vtext-css3|孝安皇帝}}

| rowspan="5" | Gongzong

| rowspan="5" | {{Vtext-css3|恭宗}}

| Yongchu

| {{Vtext-css3|永初}}

| 107–113 AD{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=524–529}}

Yuanchu

| {{Vtext-css3|元初}}

| 114–120 AD{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=524–529}}

Yongning

| {{Vtext-css3|永寧}}

| 120–121 AD{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=524–529}}

Jianguang

| {{Vtext-css3|建光}}

| 121–122 AD{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=524–529}}

Yanguang

| {{Vtext-css3|延光}}

| 122–125 AD{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=524–529}}

scope="row" | Marquess of Beixiang

| Liu Yi

| {{Vtext-css3|劉懿}}

| 18 May{{sfnm|1a1=Barbieri-Low|1a2=Yates|1p=xx|1y=2015|2a1=de Crespigny|2y=2006|2p=xxxiii|3a1=Loewe|3a2=Twitchett|3y=1986|3pp=xl–xli}} 125 AD

| 10 December{{sfnm|1a1=Loewe|1a2=Twitchett|1pp=xl–xli|1y=1986|2a1=de Crespigny|2y=2006|2p=xxxiii}} 125 ADLatin spelling, Chinese characters, and date range from {{harvnb|Loewe|Twitchett|1986|p=xl}}.

| colspan="2" {{N/A}}

| colspan="2" {{N/A}}

| Yanguang

| {{Vtext-css3|延光}}

| 125 AD{{sfn|Bo|1977|p=529}}

scope="row" rowspan="5" | Emperor Shun

| rowspan="5" | Liu Bao

| rowspan="5" | {{Vtext-css3|劉保}}

| rowspan="5" | 16 December{{sfnm|1a1=Barbieri-Low|1a2=Yates|1p=xx|1y=2015|2a1=de Crespigny|2y=2006|2p=xxxiii|3a1=Loewe|3a2=Twitchett|3y=1986|3pp=xl–xli}} 125 AD

| rowspan="5" | 20 September{{sfnm|1a1=Loewe|1a2=Twitchett|1pp=xl–xli|1y=1986|2a1=de Crespigny|2y=2006|2p=xxxiii}} 144 ADLatin spelling, Chinese characters, and date range from {{harvnb|Paludan|1998|pp=50–51}} and {{harvnb|de Crespigny|2006|pp=473–478}}.

| rowspan="5" | Emperor Xiaoshun

| rowspan="5" | {{Vtext-css3|孝順皇帝}}

| rowspan="5" | Jingzong

| rowspan="5" | {{Vtext-css3|敬宗}}

| Yongjian

| {{Vtext-css3|永建}}

| 126–132 AD{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=530–534}}

Yangjia

| {{Vtext-css3|陽嘉}}

| 132–135 AD{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=530–534}}

Yonghe

| {{Vtext-css3|永和}}

| 136–141 AD{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=530–534}}

Han'an

| {{Vtext-css3|漢安}}

| 142–144 AD{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=530–534}}

Jiankang

| {{Vtext-css3|建康}}

| 144 AD{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=530–534}}

scope="row" | Emperor Chong

| Liu Bing

| {{Vtext-css3|劉炳}}

| 20 September{{sfnm|1a1=Barbieri-Low|1a2=Yates|1p=xx|1y=2015|2a1=de Crespigny|2y=2006|2p=xxxiii|3a1=Loewe|3a2=Twitchett|3y=1986|3pp=xl–xli}} 144 AD

| 15 February{{sfnm|1a1=Loewe|1a2=Twitchett|1pp=xl–xli|1y=1986|2a1=de Crespigny|2y=2006|2p=xxxiii}} 145 ADLatin spelling, Chinese characters, and date range from {{harvnb|Paludan|1998|pp=50–51}}.

| Emperor Xiaochong

| {{Vtext-css3|孝沖皇帝}}

| colspan="2" {{N/A}}

| Yongxi

| {{Vtext-css3|永熹}}

| 145 AD{{sfn|Bo|1977|p=535}}

scope="row" | Emperor Zhi

| Liu Zuan

| {{Vtext-css3|劉纘}}

| 6 March{{sfnm|1a1=Barbieri-Low|1a2=Yates|1p=xx|1y=2015|2a1=de Crespigny|2y=2006|2p=xxxiii|3a1=Loewe|3a2=Twitchett|3y=1986|3pp=xl–xli}} 145 AD

| 26 July{{sfnm|1a1=Loewe|1a2=Twitchett|1pp=xl–xli|1y=1986|2a1=de Crespigny|2y=2006|2p=xxxiii}} 146 AD

| Emperor Xiaozhi

| {{Vtext-css3|孝質皇帝}}

| colspan="2" {{N/A}}

| Benchu

| {{Vtext-css3|本初}}

| 146 AD{{sfn|Bo|1977|p=535}}

scope="row" rowspan="7" | Emperor Huan

| rowspan="7" | Liu Zhi

| rowspan="7" | {{Vtext-css3|劉志}}

| rowspan="7" | 1 August{{sfnm|1a1=Barbieri-Low|1a2=Yates|1p=xx|1y=2015|2a1=de Crespigny|2y=2006|2p=xxxiii|3a1=Loewe|3a2=Twitchett|3y=1986|3pp=xl–xli}} 146 AD

| rowspan="7" | 25 January{{sfnm|1a1=Loewe|1a2=Twitchett|1pp=xl–xli|1y=1986|2a1=de Crespigny|2y=2006|2p=xxxiii}} 168 ADLatin spelling, Chinese characters, and date range from {{harvnb|Paludan|1998|pp=50–51}} and {{harvnb|de Crespigny|2006|pp=595–603}}.

| rowspan="7" | Emperor Xiaohuan

| rowspan="7" | {{Vtext-css3|孝桓皇帝}}

| rowspan="7" | Weizong

| rowspan="7" | {{Vtext-css3|威宗}}

| Jianhe

| {{Vtext-css3|建和}}

| 147–149 AD{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=535–541}}

Heping

| {{Vtext-css3|和平}}

| 150 AD{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=535–541}}

Yuanjia

| {{Vtext-css3|元嘉}}

| 151–153 AD{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=535–541}}

Yongxing

| {{Vtext-css3|永興}}

| 153–154 AD{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=535–541}}

Yongshou

| {{Vtext-css3|永壽}}

| 155–158 AD{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=535–541}}

Yanxi

| {{Vtext-css3|延熹}}

| 158–167 AD{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=535–541}}

Yongkang

| {{Vtext-css3|永康}}

| 167 AD{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=535–541}}

scope="row" rowspan="4" | Emperor Ling

| rowspan="4" | Liu Hong

| rowspan="4" | {{Vtext-css3|劉宏}}

| rowspan="4" | 17 February{{sfnm|1a1=Barbieri-Low|1a2=Yates|1p=xx|1y=2015|2a1=de Crespigny|2y=2006|2p=xxxiii|3a1=Loewe|3a2=Twitchett|3y=1986|3pp=xl–xli}} 168 AD

| rowspan="4" | 13 May{{sfnm|1a1=Loewe|1a2=Twitchett|1pp=xl–xli|1y=1986|2a1=de Crespigny|2y=2006|2p=xxxiii}} 189 ADLatin spelling, Chinese characters, and date range from {{harvnb|Paludan|1998|pp=50, 52}} and {{harvnb|de Crespigny|2006|pp=511–517}}.

| rowspan="4" | Emperor Xiaoling

| rowspan="4" | {{Vtext-css3|孝靈皇帝}}

| colspan="2" rowspan="4" {{N/A}}

| Jianning

| {{Vtext-css3|建寧}}

| 168–172 AD{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=541–547}}

Xiping

| {{Vtext-css3|熹平}}

| 172–178 AD{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=541–547}}

Guanghe

| {{Vtext-css3|光和}}

| 178–184 AD{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=541–547}}

Zhongping

| {{Vtext-css3|中平}}

| 184–189 AD{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=541–547}}

scope="row" rowspan="2" | Emperor Shao

| rowspan="2" | Liu Bian

| rowspan="2" | {{Vtext-css3|劉辯}}

| rowspan="2" | 15 May{{sfnm|1a1=Barbieri-Low|1a2=Yates|1p=xx|1y=2015|2a1=de Crespigny|2y=2006|2p=xxxiii|3a1=Loewe|3a2=Twitchett|3y=1986|3pp=xl–xli}} 189 AD

| rowspan="2" | 28 September{{sfnm|1a1=Loewe|1a2=Twitchett|1pp=xl–xli|1y=1986|2a1=de Crespigny|2y=2006|2p=xxxiii}} 189 AD

| rowspan="2" | King Huai of Hongnong

| rowspan="2" | {{Vtext-css3|少皇帝}}

| colspan="2" rowspan="2" {{N/A}}

| Guangxi

| {{Vtext-css3|光熹}}

| 189 AD{{sfn|Bo|1977|p=547}}

Zhaoning

| {{Vtext-css3|昭寧}}

| 189 AD{{sfn|Bo|1977|p=547}}

scope="row" rowspan="5" | Emperor Xian

| rowspan="5" | Liu Xie

| rowspan="5" | {{Vtext-css3|劉協}}

| rowspan="5" | 28 September{{sfnm|1a1=Barbieri-Low|1a2=Yates|1p=xx|1y=2015|2a1=de Crespigny|2y=2006|2p=xxxiii|3a1=Loewe|3a2=Twitchett|3y=1986|3pp=xl–xli}} 189 AD

| rowspan="5" | 11 December{{cite book |last1=de Crespigny |first1=Rafe |author1-link=Rafe de Crespigny |title=A Biography of Cao Cao 155-220 AD |year=2010 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-18830-3 |page=450 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Gd95DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA450 |quote=On 11 December [...] Cao Cao's son and successor Cao Pi received the abdication of the last emperor of Han. [...] Some authorities give the date of abdication as 25 November [...] This is the date upon which Emperor Xian issued an edict calling upon Cao Pi to take the throne, but the ceremonial transfer of sovereignty was carried out two weeks later}} 220 ADLatin spelling, Chinese characters, and date range from {{harvnb|Paludan|1998|pp=50, 55}}.

| rowspan="5" | Emperor Xiaoxian

| rowspan="5" | {{Vtext-css3|孝獻皇帝}}

| colspan="2" rowspan="5" {{N/A}}

| Yonghan

| {{Vtext-css3|永漢}}

| 189 AD{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=547–564}}

Chuping

| {{Vtext-css3|初平}}

| 190–193 AD{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=547–564}}

Xingping

| {{Vtext-css3|興平}}

| 194–195 AD{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=547–564}}

Jian'an

| {{Vtext-css3|建安}}

| 196–220 AD{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=547–564}}

Yankang

| {{Vtext-css3|延康}}

| 220 AD{{sfn|Bo|1977|pp=547–564}}

Timeline

ImageSize = width:1600 height:auto barincrement:15

PlotArea = top:10 bottom:30 right:100 left:20

AlignBars = early

DateFormat = yyyy

Period = from:-210 till:220

TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal

ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:10 start:-210

Colors =

id:canvas value:rgb(0.97,0.97,0.97)

id:WH value:rgb(1,0.6,0.2)

id:IN value:rgb(0.2,0.8,0.8)

id:EH value:rgb(1,0.2,0.6)

Backgroundcolors = canvas:canvas

BarData =

barset:Rulers

PlotData=

width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till

barset:Rulers

from: -202 till: -195 color:WH text:"Gao (202–195 BCE)"

from: -195 till: -188 color:WH text:"Hui (195–188 BCE)"

from: -188 till: -184 color:WH text:"Liu Gong (188–184 BCE)"

from: -184 till: -180 color:WH text:"Liu Hong (184–180 BCE)"

from: -180 till: -157 color:WH text:"Wen (180–157 BCE)"

from: -157 till: -141 color:WH text:"Jing (157–141 BCE)"

from: -141 till: -87 color:WH text:"Wu (141–87 BCE)"

from: -87 till: -74 color:WH text:"Zhao (87–74 BCE)"

from: -74 till: -74 color:WH text:"Liu He (74 BCE)"

from: -74 till: -49 color:WH text:"Xuan (74–49 BCE)"

from: -49 till: -33 color:WH text:"Yuan (49–33 BCE)"

from: -33 till: -7 color:WH text:"Cheng (33–7 BCE)"

from: -7 till: -1 color:WH text:"Ai (7–1 BCE)"

from: -1 till: 6 color:WH text:"Ping (1 BCE–6 CE)"

from: 6 till: 9 color:WH text:"Liu Ying (6–9 CE)"

from: 23 till: 25 color:IN text:"Gengshi (23–25 CE)"

from: 25 till: 27 color:IN text:"Liu Penzi (25–27 CE)"

from: 25 till: 57 color:EH text:"Guangwu (25–57 CE)"

from: 57 till: 75 color:EH text:"Ming (57–75 CE)"

from: 75 till: 88 color:EH text:"Zhang (75–88 CE)"

from: 88 till: 106 color:EH text:"He (88–106 CE)"

from: 106 till: 106 color:EH text:"Shang (106 CE)"

from: 106 till: 125 color:EH text:"An (106–125 CE)"

from: 125 till: 125 color:EH text:"Liu Yi (125 CE)"

from: 125 till: 144 color:EH text:"Shun (125–144 CE)"

from: 144 till: 145 color:EH text:"Chong (144–145 CE)"

from: 145 till: 146 color:EH text:"Zhi (145–146 CE)"

from: 146 till: 168 color:EH text:"Huan (146–168 CE)"

from: 168 till: 189 color:EH text:"Ling (168–189 CE)"

from: 189 till: 189 color:EH text:"Liu Bian (189 CE)"

from: 189 till: 220 color:EH text:"Xian (189–220 CE)"

barset:skip

= Legend =

  • {{font color|white|Orange}} denotes Western Han monarchs
  • {{font color|white|Teal}} denotes Han monarchs following the collapse of the Xin dynasty but prior to the Eastern Han
  • {{font color|white|Pink}} denotes Eastern Han monarchs

See also

Notes

{{Notelist}}

{{Reflist|group=note}}

References

= Citations =

{{Reflist|20em}}

= Sources =

{{Refbegin|30em}}

  • {{Cite book |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1W3sCgAAQBAJ&pg=PR19 |title=Law, State, and Society in Early Imperial China |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-30053-8 |first=Anthony J. |year=2015 |chapter=Recognized Rulers of the Qin and Han Dynasties and the Xin Period |author2-link=Robin D. S. Yates |last2=Yates |last1=Barbieri-Low |first2=Robin D. S.}}
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External links

  • {{Commons category-inline|Han Dynasty}}

{{Han emperors}}

{{Han dynasty topics}}

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01

Han

Category:Lists of leaders of China