List of federally recognized tribes by state

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{{Hatnote|This list is ordered by state. For a list ordered by alphabetically, see List of federally recognized tribes in the contiguous United States}}

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Federally recognized tribes are those Native American tribes recognized by the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs as holding a government-to-government relationship with the U.S.federal government.{{cite web |title=Why Tribes Exist Today in the United States |url=https://www.bia.gov/frequently-asked-questions |website=Frequently Asked Questions |publisher=Bureau of Indian Affairs, U.S. Department of the Interior |access-date=17 May 2023}} {{As of|2024|01|08|df=US}}, 574 Indian tribes were legally recognized by the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) of the United States.{{cite journal |last1=Bureau of Indian Affairs, Interior. |title=Notice Indian Entities Recognized by and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs |journal=Federal Register |date=January 8, 2024 |volume=89 |issue=944 |pages=944–48 |url=https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2024/01/08/2024-00109/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of |access-date=February 5, 2024}}[http://www.bia.gov/cs/groups/public/documents/text/idc1-030831.pdf Federal Acknowledgment of the Pamunkey Indian Tribe] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714185005/http://www.bia.gov/cs/groups/public/documents/text/idc1-030831.pdf |date=2015-07-14 }} Of these, 229 are located in Alaska and 109 are located in California.

Description

In the United States, the Native American tribe is a fundamental unit of sovereign tribal government. As the Department of the Interior explains, "federally recognized tribes are recognized as possessing certain inherent rights of self-government (i.e., tribal sovereignty)...." The constitution grants to the U.S. Congress the right to interact with tribes. More specifically, the Supreme Court of the United States in United States v. Sandoval (231 US. 28 [1913]) warned, "it is not ... that Congress may bring a community or body of people within range of this power by arbitrarily calling them an Indian tribe, but only that in respect of distinctly Indian communities the questions whether, to what extent, and for what time they shall be recognized and dealt with as dependent tribes" (at 46).Sheffield (1998) p. 56 Federal tribal recognition grants to tribes the right to self-government, as well as certain benefits. The recognition process is largely controlled by the United States federal agency the Bureau of Indian Affairs, in consultation with federally recognized tribes.

In January 2015, the United States' Federal Register issued an official list of 566 tribes that are Indian Entities Recognized and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs.[https://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/biaind.pdf Federal Register, Volume 80, Number 9 dated January 14, 2015] The number of tribes increased to 567 in July 2015 with the federal recognition of the Pamunkey tribe in Virginia.[http://www.bia.gov/cs/groups/public/documents/text/idc1-030831.pdf Federal Acknowledgment of the Pamunkey Indian Tribe] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714185005/http://www.bia.gov/cs/groups/public/documents/text/idc1-030831.pdf |date=2015-07-14 }} USA.gov, the federal government's official web portal, maintains a list of [https://web.archive.org/web/20111127151637/http://www.usa.gov/Government/Tribal_Sites/index.shtml tribal governments] which is constantly updated. Ancillary information present in former versions of this list but no longer contained in the current listing have been included here in italics print.

In 2018, six more Virginia-based tribes were added to the list, then in 2020 the Little Shell Chippewa were recognized bringing the total to 574.{{Cite news|last=Hilleary|first=Cecily|date=January 31, 2018|title=US Recognizes 6 Virginia Native American Tribes|work=Voice of America|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/us-recognizes-six-virginia-native-american-tribes/4232989.html|access-date=May 24, 2021}} Of these, 231 are located in Alaska.

Except for Hawaii, states that have no federally recognized tribes today forcibly removed tribes from their region in the 19th century,{{cite web |title=American Indian Removal |url=https://americanindian.si.edu/nk360/removal# |website=Native Knowledge 360° |publisher=National Museum of the American Indian, Smithsonian Institution |access-date=17 May 2023}} mainly to the west and especially to Indian Territory, now Oklahoma.{{cite web |title=Shawnee Nation Case Study |url=https://americanindian.si.edu/nk360/removal-six-nations/shawnee/object |website=Native Knowledge 360° |publisher=National Museum of the American Indian, Smithsonian Institution |access-date=17 May 2023}}

Alabama

Alaska

{{Main | List of Alaska Native tribal entities}}

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Arizona

Arkansas

No federally recognized tribes

California

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Multiple states:

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware

No federally recognized tribes

Florida

Georgia

No federally recognized tribes

Hawaii

{{further|United States federal recognition of Native Hawaiians}}

No federally recognized tribes

Idaho

Multiple states:

Illinois

Prairie Band of Potawatomi Nationhttps://news.wttw.com/2024/04/19/illinois-now-home-federally-recognized-tribal-land-after-prairie-band-potawatomi-nation {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}}
https://capitolnewsillinois.com/news/prairie-band-potawatomi-becomes-1st-federally-recognized-tribe-in-illinois/

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

No federally recognized tribes

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

No federally recognized tribes

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

No federally recognized tribes

Montana

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Multiple states:

Nebraska

Nevada

New Hampshire

No federally recognized tribes

New Jersey

No federally recognized tribes

New Mexico

New York

North Carolina

North Dakota

Ohio

No federally recognized tribes

Oklahoma

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Oregon

Pennsylvania

No federally recognized tribes

Rhode Island

South Carolina

South Dakota

Tennessee

Multiple states:

  • Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians{{cite web|title=State of the Tribe Fiscal Year 2021 |url=https://www.choctaw.org/pdf/21stateofthetribe.pdf|publisher =Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians|access-date=20 December 2020}}

Texas

Utah

Vermont

No federally recognized tribes

Virginia

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Washington

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West Virginia

No federally recognized tribes

Wisconsin

Wyoming

See also

References