List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700
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{{About|transcontinental countries which no longer exist|existing transcontinental countries|List of transcontinental countries}}
{{More citations needed|date=January 2019}}This is a list of transcontinental former countries, i.e. countries which covered land on two or more continents, including islands associated with a continent other than the one where the country was based. The examples below are listed in chronological order{{Dubious|date=May 2018}} with the number of continents covered in parentheses and the country's primary continent listed first. When a timespan is included, it is the time period in which the country was transcontinental.
BC
- Ancient Egyptian Empire (2) – Africa, Asia,{{Cite web |title=Mycenean Greece and The Orient about 1450 B. C. |url=https://maps.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/shepherd/mycenean_greece_orient.jpg}}
- Hyksos (2) – Asia, Africa (circa 1648–1540 BC){{cite web|url=http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/history12-17.htm#hyksos |title=Egyptian History: Dynasties 12 to 17 – The Middle Kingdom and the rule of the Hyksos |publisher=Reshafim.org.il |date= |accessdate=2010-03-16}}
- Kingdom of Kush (2) – Africa, Asia (occupied portions of Edom and Judah circa 901 BC){{cite web|url=http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2%20Chronicles%2014:2-15;&version=31; |title=2 Chronicles 14:2–15; – Passage Lookup — New International Version |publisher=BibleGateway.com |date= |accessdate=2010-03-16}}
- Sabaeans (2) – Asia, Africa{{cite web |url=http://www.yementimes.com/article.shtml?i=765&p=culture&a=1 |title=The link between the ancient Yemeni kingdom and the ancient Slovenian State of Carantania uncovered: - from Marib to Carantania - culture - Yemen Times |accessdate=2007-05-29 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070730230131/http://yementimes.com/article.shtml?i=765&p=culture&a=1 |archivedate=2007-07-30 }}
- Cimmerians (2) – Europe, Asia (late 8th century BC) [map]
- Assyria (2) – Asia, Africa (671–612 BC) [map]
- Neo-Babylonian Empire (2) – Asia, Africa (567–539 BC){{cite web|url=http://www.enhancedweb.com/Babylon.htm |title=Babylon |publisher=Enhancedweb.com |date= |accessdate=2010-03-16}}
- Achaemenid Empire (3) – Asia, Europe, Africa [map]
- Carthage (2) – Africa, Europe{{cite web |url=http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/ROME/CAREMMAP.HTM |title=Rome: The Carthaginian Empire in the Third Century BC |publisher=Wsu.edu:8080 |date=1999-06-06 |accessdate=2010-03-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527192035/http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/ROME/CAREMMAP.HTM |archive-date=2010-05-27 |url-status=dead }}
- Alexander the Great (3) – Europe, Asia, Africa (334–323 BC) [map]
- Ptolemaic Kingdom (3) – Africa, Asia, [map]{{Cite web |url=http://www.unc.edu/awmc/downloads/aegyptusPtolSml.jpg |title=Archived copy |access-date=2007-06-21 |archive-date=2012-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324082551/http://www.unc.edu/awmc/downloads/aegyptusPtolSml.jpg |url-status=dead }} Europe (at its peak) [map]
- Lysimachian Kingdom (2) – Europe, Asia (306–281 BC) [map]
- Seleucid Empire (2) – Asia, Europe (281 BC [map] and 196–191 BC [map])
- Roman Empire (3) – Europe, Asia, Africa [map]
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AD 1–AD 500
- Sarmatians (2) – Europe, Asia [map]
- Kingdom of Aksum (2) – Africa, Asia{{cite web|url=http://thearabhistory.com/qahtan |title=thearabhistory.com |publisher=thearabhistory.com |accessdate=2010-03-16 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928152602/http://thearabhistory.com/qahtan |archivedate=2007-09-28 }}[map]
- Himyarite Kingdom (2) – Asia, Africa
- Palmyrene Empire (2) – Asia, Africa (260–273)
- Hunnic Empire (2) – Europe, Asia [map]
- Byzantine Empire (3) – Europe, Asia, Africa [map]
- Western Roman Empire (2) – Europe, Africa (395–476) [map]
- Vandal Kingdom (2) – Europe, Africa [map]{{cite web|url=http://www.euratlas.com/travel_time/europe_south_west_0500.html |title=Map of Europe, Southwest 500 |publisher=Euratlas.com |date=2007-01-13 |accessdate=2010-03-16}}
- Ostrogoths (2) – Europe, Africa{{cite web|url=http://www.euratlas.com/history_europe/europe_map_0500.html |title=Complete Map of Europe, Year 500 |publisher=Euratlas.com |date=2007-01-13 |accessdate=2010-03-16}}
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500–1000
- Sabirs (2) – Europe, Asia
- Sassanid Empire (2) – Asia, Africa, (618–641) [map]
- First Turkic KhaganatePeter Benjamin Golden, (2010), Central Asia in World History, p. 49 (2) – Asia, Europe
- Islamic Caliphate
- Rashidun Caliphate (2) – Asia, Africa (639–661) [map]
- Umayyad Caliphate (3) – Asia, Africa, Europe (661–750) [map]
- Abbasid Caliphate (3) – Asia, Africa, Europe (750–940){{cite web|url=http://www.euratlas.com/history_europe/europe_map_0800.html |title=Complete Map of Europe, Year 800 |publisher=Euratlas.com |date=2007-01-13 |accessdate=2010-03-16}}
- Alanian Empire (2) – Europe, Asia [map]
- Khazar Empire (2) – Europe, Asia{{Cite web|url=http://geocities.com/ayatoles/webmap3.jpg|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091027111439/http://geocities.com/ayatoles/webmap3.jpg|archive-date = 2009-10-27|title = Yahoo | Mail, Weather, Search, Politics, News, Finance, Sports & Videos}}
- Emirate of Córdoba (2) – Europe, Africa{{cite web|author=Euratlas |url=http://www.euratlas.com/time/sw0800.htm |title=Map of Southwestern Europe in Year 800 |publisher=Euratlas.com |date= |accessdate=2010-03-16}}
- Pechenegs (2) – Europe, Asia [map]
- Shailendra dynasty (2) – Asia, Oceania
- Kingdom of Kakheti (2) – Asia, Europe
- Kingdom of Abkhazia (2) – Asia, Europe
- Aghlabid Emirate (2) – Africa, Europe (827–909){{cite web|author=Euratlas |url=http://www.euratlas.com/time/sw0900.htm |title=Map of Southwestern Europe in Year 900 |publisher=Euratlas.com |date= |accessdate=2010-03-16}}
- Tulunid Emirate (2) – Africa, Asia (877–904) [map]
- Sajid Emirate of Azerbaijan (2) – Asia, Europe{{cite web|author=Euratlas |url=http://www.euratlas.com/time/sea0900.htm |title=Map of Southeastern Europe in Year 900 |publisher=Euratlas.com |date= |accessdate=2010-03-16}}
- Fatimid Caliphate (3) – Africa, Asia, [map] Europe [map]
- Rus (2) – Europe, Asia (at its peak during the Caspian expedition of 913) [map]
- Caliphate of Córdoba (2) – Europe, Africa{{cite web|author=Euratlas |url=http://www.euratlas.com/time/sw1000.htm |title=Map of Southwestern Europe in Year 1000 |publisher=Euratlas.com |date= |accessdate=2010-03-16}}
- Ikhshidids (2) – Africa, Asia (935–969) [map]
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1000–1450
- Sallarid Emirate of Azerbaijan (2) – Asia, Europe{{cite web|author=Euratlas |url=http://www.euratlas.com/time/sea1000.htm |title=Map of Southeastern Europe in Year 1000 |publisher=Euratlas.com |date= |accessdate=2010-03-16}}
- Kalbid Emirate of Sicily (2) – Europe, Africa
- Georgian Empire (2) – Asia, Europe [map]
- Almoravid Empire (2) – Africa, Europe [map]
- Seljuqs (2) – Asia, Europe [map]
- Pisa (3) – Europe,{{cite web|url=http://www.euratlas.com/travel_time/europe_south_west_1100.html |title=Map of Europe, Southwest 1100 |publisher=Euratlas.com |date=2007-01-13 |accessdate=2010-03-16}} Asia, Africa [map]
- Kediri Empire (2) – Asia, Oceania [map]
- Chola Empire (2) – Asia, Oceania (at its peak circa 1050) [map]
- Kingdom of Sicily (2) – Europe, Africa{{cite web|author=Euratlas |url=http://www.euratlas.com/time/sw1200.htm |title=Map of Southwestern Europe in Year 1200 |publisher=Euratlas.com |date= |accessdate=2010-03-16}}
- Almohad Empire (2) – Africa, Europe
- Kingdom of Jerusalem (2) – Asia, Africa (1164 and 1167) [map]
- Ayyubid Sultanate (2) – Asia, Africa (1169–1250) [map]
- Shirvanshah Empire (2) – Asia, Europe{{cite web|author=Euratlas |url=http://www.euratlas.com/time/sea1200.htm |title=Map of Southeastern Europe in Year 1200 |publisher=Euratlas.com |date= |accessdate=2010-03-16}}
- Latin Empire (2) – Europe, Asia (1204–1261) [map]
- Venice (2) – Europe, Asia [map]{{cite web|url=http://www.zum.de/whkmla/histatlas/europe/eu1550.gif|title=Map of Europe in 1550|website=www.zum.de|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107034827/http://www.zum.de/whkmla/histatlas/europe/eu1550.gif|archive-date=7 November 2023|url-status=dead}}
- Second Bulgarian Empire (2) – Europe, Asia (at its peak) [map]
- Khwarezmian Empire (2) – Asia, Europe (at its peak){{cite web|url=http://www.zum.de/whkmla/histatlas/centrasia/khwarizm1220.gif|title=Map of the Khwarezmian Empire in 1220|website=www.zum.de|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014102538/http://www.zum.de/whkmla/histatlas/centrasia/khwarizm1220.gif|archive-date=14 October 2023|url-status=dead}}
- Mongol Empire (2) – Asia, Europe [map] (largest empire of contiguous land ever)
- Golden Horde (2) – Europe, Asia [map]
- Empire of Nicaea (2) – Asia, Europe [map]
- Mamluk Empire (2) – Africa, Asia{{cite web|url=http://www.zum.de/whkmla/histatlas/northafrica/haxegypt.html |title=WHKMLA : Historical Atlas, Modern Egypt Page |publisher=Zum.de |date= |accessdate=2010-03-16}}
- Majapahit Empire (2) – Asia, Oceania [map]{{cite web|url=http://www.zum.de/whkmla/histatlas/asia/asia1500large.gif|title=Map of Asia in 1500|website=www.zum.de|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014102542/http://www.zum.de/whkmla/histatlas/asia/asia1500large.gif|archive-date=14 October 2023|url-status=dead}}
- Ilkhanate (2) – Asia, Europe (1255–1335){{cite web|url=http://www.zum.de/whkmla/histatlas/centrasia/ilkhanate1300.gif|title=Map of the Ilkhanate in 1300|website=www.zum.de|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014102541/http://www.zum.de/whkmla/histatlas/centrasia/ilkhanate1300.gif|archive-date=14 October 2023|url-status=dead}}
- Genoese Empire (2) – Europe, Asia{{cite web|url=http://www.euratlas.com/history_europe/europe_map_1400.html |title=Complete Map of Europe, Year 1400 |publisher=Euratlas.com |date=2007-01-13 |accessdate=2010-03-16}}[map]
- Aragonese Empire (2) – Europe, Africa [map][map]
- Marinid Sultanate (2) – Africa, Europe (1294–1344) [map]
- Ottoman Empire (3) – Asia, Europe, Africa [map]
- Buginese Empire (2) – Oceania (including northern Australia), Asia
- Timurid Empire (2) – Asia, Europe{{Cite web|url=http://www.geocities.com/Athens/5246/timur.jpg|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091027145335/http://www.geocities.com/Athens/5246/timur.jpg|archive-date = 2009-10-27|title = Yahoo | Mail, Weather, Search, Politics, News, Finance, Sports & Videos}}
- Nogai Horde Empire (2) – Asia, Europe{{cite web|url=http://www.zum.de/whkmla/histatlas/russia/goldenhorde1480.gif|title=Map of the Golden Horde in 1480|website=www.zum.de|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014102541/http://www.zum.de/whkmla/histatlas/russia/goldenhorde1480.gif|archive-date=14 October 2023|url-status=dead}}
- Castilian Empire (2) – Europe, Africa [map]
- Kara Koyunlu Empire (2) – Asia, Europe [map]
- Kingdom of Norway (872–1397) (2) – Europe, North America [map]
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1450–1700
- Portuguese Empire (6) – Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Oceania [map][map] (from 1808 to 1821, its capital was in Rio de Janeiro)
- Mahra Sultanate (2) – Asia, Africa [map]
- Spanish Empire (6) – Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Oceania [map]
- Kingdom of Denmark-Norway (4) – Europe, Asia, North America, Africa [map]
- German Empire (4) – Europe, South America, [map] Asia, [map] Africa [map]
- Guna people (2) – North America, South America (the Guna people were living in what is now Northern Colombia and the Darién Province of Panama, including the Darién Gap (the border between North and South America), at the time of the Spanish invasion in the early 1500s)
- Iberian Union Empire (6) – Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Oceania (1580–1640) [map]
- British Empire (6) – Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Oceania. [map]
- Dutch Empire (6) – Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Oceania [map]
- French Empire (6) – Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Oceania [map]
- Scotland (2) – Europe, North America (1621–1631) [map]
- Swedish Empire (3) – Europe, North America, [map] [map] Africa [map]
- Courland (3) – Europe, Africa, South America (1651–1689) (a dependency of Poland–Lithuania) [map]
- Knights of Malta (3) – Europe, Africa, North America (1530–1551 and 1651–1665)
- Brandenburg-Prussia (3) – Europe, Africa, [map][map] North America [map] (1682–1721)
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Since 1700
- British Empire (7) – (English Empire until 1707) Asia, Oceania, Africa, Europe, South America, North America, Antarctica
- Omani Empire (2) – Asia, Africa{{cite web|url=http://www.zum.de/whkmla/histatlas/africa/afr1830.gif|title=Map of Africa in 1830|website=www.zum.de|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014102540/http://www.zum.de/whkmla/histatlas/africa/afr1830.gif|archive-date=14 October 2023|url-status=dead}} (from 1840 to 1856, Said bin Sultan had the capital in Stone Town, Zanzibar)
- Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia (2) – Europe, Africa (1714–1718){{cite web|url=http://www.zum.de/whkmla/histatlas/italy/haxsicily.html |title=WHKMLA : Historical Atlas, Sicily Page |publisher=Zum.de |date= |accessdate=2010-03-16}}
- Russian Empire (3) – Europe, Asia, North America [map]
- United States of America (5) – North America, Africa (1810–1814), [map] Asia (1898-1945), Oceania, South America (1898–1979) [map][map]
- Argentina (2) – South America, Antarctica
- Mexico (2) - North America, Oceania
- Chile (3) - South America, Antarctica, Oceania
- Ecuador (2) - South America, Oceania
- Portugal (3) - Europe, Africa, North America
- Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (2) – Europe, Africa (1816–1860) [map]
- Kingdom of Italy (2) – Europe, Africa (1861–1889)[map]
- German Empire (4) – Europe, Africa, Oceania, Asia (1884–1919) [map]
- Belgium (2) – Europe, Africa (1908–1962) [map]
- Denmark (4) – Europe, North America, Asia, Africa [map]
- Japanese Empire (3) – Asia, Oceania (1898–1945), North America (1943) [map][map]
- Norway (2) – Europe, Antarctica [map]
- France (7) – Europe, Africa, Asia, North America, South America, Oceania, Antarctica (1830–1962)
- Commonwealth of Australia (3) – Oceania, Asia, Antarctica{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/ebi/art-93089?articleTypeId=31|title=Australian External Territories|website=www.britannica.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071210123834/http://www.britannica.com/ebi/art-93089/A-map-shows-the-islands-shaded-in-orange-that-make?&articleTypeId=31|archive-date=10 December 2007|url-status=dead}}[map]
- Union of South Africa (1948–1961) and Republic of South Africa (2) – Africa, Antarctica (if the Prince Edward Islands are considered Antarctic islands)
- United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves (5) – Europe, South America, Africa, Asia, Oceania
- Uzbek Khanate (2) – Asia, Europe{{cite web|url=http://www.zum.de/whkmla/histatlas/russia/goldenhorde1440.gif|title=Map of the Golden Horde in 1440|website=www.zum.de|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014102537/http://www.zum.de/whkmla/histatlas/russia/goldenhorde1440.gif|archive-date=14 October 2023|url-status=dead}}
- Ak Koyunlu Empire (2) – Asia, Europe [map]
- Khanate of Sibir (2) – Asia, Europe [map]
- Astrakhan Khanate (2) – Europe, Asia{{cite web|url=http://www.euratlas.com/big/big1500.htm |title=Complete Map of Europe, Year 1500 |publisher=Euratlas.com |date=2007-01-13 |accessdate=2010-03-16}}
- Safavid Empire (2) – Asia, Europe{{cite web|author=Euratlas |url=http://www.euratlas.com/time/sea1500.htm |title=Map of Southeastern Europe in Year 1500 |publisher=Euratlas.com |date= |accessdate=2010-03-16}}[map]
- Crimean Khanate (2) – Europe, Asia (at its peak){{cite web|url=http://www.zum.de/whkmla/histatlas/russia/haxcrimeantatars.html |title=WHKMLA : Historical Atlas, Crimean Tatars Page |publisher=Zum.de |date=2005-02-22 |accessdate=2010-03-16}}
- Grand Duchy of Moscow [map] and Tsardom of Russia{{cite web|url=http://www.zum.de/whkmla/histatlas/centrasia/haxsiberia.html |title=WHKMLA : Historical Atlas, Siberia Page |publisher=Zum.de |date= |accessdate=2010-03-16}} (2) – Europe, Asia
- Kalmyk Khanate (2) – Asia, Europe{{cite web|url=http://www.zum.de/whkmla/histatlas/russia/haxkalmykia.html |title=WHKMLA : Historical Atlas, Kalmykia Page |publisher=Zum.de |date=2005-02-23 |accessdate=2010-03-16}}[map]
- Kingdom of Bali (2) – Asia, Oceania [map]
- Afsharid Empire (2) – Asia, Europe (1736–1747)
- Kazakh Khanate (2) – Asia, Europe{{cite web|url=http://www.zum.de/whkmla/histatlas/centrasia/haxkazakhstan.html |title=WHKMLA : Historical Atlas, Kazakhstan Page |publisher=Zum.de |date= |accessdate=2010-03-16}}
- Quba Khanate (2) – Europe, Asia (1747–1806){{cite web|author=Euratlas |url=http://www.euratlas.com/time/sea1800.htm |title=Map of Southeastern Europe in Year 1800 |publisher=Euratlas.com |date= |accessdate=2010-03-16}}
- Kingdom of Kartl-Kakheti (2) – Asia, Europe (1762–1801)
- Qajar Empire (2) – Asia, Europe (1794–1813){{cite web |url=http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/10/wai/map.htm |title= Iran (Persia), 1800-1900 A.D. | Timeline of Art History | the Metropolitan Museum of Art|website=www.metmuseum.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930230552/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/10/wai/map.htm |archive-date=September 30, 2007}}[map]
- Later Egyptian Empire (3) – Africa, Asia, Europe (1803–1807 and 1833–1882) [map]
- United Provinces of New Granada (2) – South America, North America (1810–1816)
- Gran Colombia (2) – South America, Central America (1819–1831) [map]
- Republic of the New Granada (1831–1858) and Granadine Confederation (1858–1863) (2) – South America, Central America [map]
- Greece (2) – Europe, Asia (1920 – 1923) [map] [map]
- Alash Orda (2) – Asia, Europe (December 1917 – May 1920)
- Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic (2) – Asia, Europe (February 24 – May 28, 1918) [map]
- Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus (2) – Europe, Asia (March 6, 1917 – November 30, 1922)
- Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (2) – Asia, Europe (May 28, 1918 – April 28, 1920) [map]
- Democratic Republic of Georgia (2) – Asia, Europe (May 28, 1918 – February 25, 1921) [map]
- Centrocaspian Dictatorship (2) – Asia, Europe (August 1 – September 15, 1918)
- Russian SFSR (2) – Europe, Asia (November 1917 – December 1991) [map]
- Soviet Union (2) – Europe, Asia (December 1922 – December 1991) [map]
- West Indies Federation (2) – North America, South America (1958–1962) [map]
- United Arab Republic [map] and United Arab States (2) – Africa, Asia (1958–1961)
- Protectorate of South Arabia (1963–1967), People's Republic of South Yemen (1967–1970), and People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (1970–1990) (2) – Asia, Africa
- Federation of Arab Republics (2) – Africa, Asia (1972–1977) [map]
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