List of governors of Arizona#Confederate Arizona
{{Short description|None}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox Political post
| post = Governor
| body = Arizona
| flag = Flag of Arizona.svg
| flagsize = 150px
| flagcaption = Flag of Arizona
| insignia = Arizona-StateSeal.svg
| insigniasize = 150px
| insigniacaption = Seal of Arizona
| image = KatieHobbs2023.jpg
| alt = = Current Arizona Governor Katie Hobbs
| incumbent = Katie Hobbs
| incumbentsince = January 2, 2023
| style = The Honorable
| department = Government of Arizona
| status = {{ublist|Head of state|Head of government}}
| termlength = Four years, renewable once consecutively{{Cite web |title=Arizona Constitution, article V, section 1 (version 1), part A |url=https://www.azleg.gov/viewDocument/?docName=http://www.azleg.gov/const/5/1.1.htm |access-date=22 August 2018 |website=Arizona State Legislature |publisher=State of Arizona}}
| constituting_instrument = Arizona Constitution, article V{{Cite web |title=Arizona Constitution, article V |url=https://www.azleg.gov/constitution/?article=5 |access-date=22 August 2018 |website=Arizona State Legislature |publisher=State of Arizona}}
| inaugural = George W. P. Hunt
| residence = No official residence
| formation = February 14, 1912
| succession = Line of succession
| deputy = None {{small|(until 2027)}}
Lieutenant Governor {{small|(expected from 2027)}} {{Cite web |title=Arizona will elect its first lieutenant governor in 2026. What to know about the role |url=https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/politics/arizona/2023/09/21/arizona-will-elect-its-first-lieutenant-governor-in-2026-what-to-know/70848159007/ |access-date=26 August 2024 |website=AZ Central |publisher=AZ Central}}
| website = {{URL|azgovernor.gov}}
}}
The governor of Arizona is the head of government of the U.S. state of Arizona. As the top elected official, the governor is the head of the executive branch of the Arizona state government and is charged with faithfully executing state laws.{{Cite web |title=Const. Arizona, article V, section 4 |url=https://www.azleg.gov/viewDocument/?docName=http://www.azleg.gov/const/5/4.htm |access-date=22 August 2018 |website=Arizona State Legislature |publisher=State of Arizona}} The governor has the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the Arizona State Legislature;{{Cite web |title=Const. Arizona, article V, section 7 |url=https://www.azleg.gov/viewDocument/?docName=http://www.azleg.gov/const/5/7.htm |access-date=22 August 2018 |website=Arizona State Legislature |publisher=State of Arizona}} to convene the legislature; and to grant pardons,{{Cite web |title=Const. Arizona, article V, section 5 |url=https://www.azleg.gov/viewDocument/?docName=http://www.azleg.gov/const/5/5.htm |access-date=22 August 2018 |website=Arizona State Legislature |publisher=State of Arizona}} with the exception of cases of impeachment. The governor is also the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces.{{Cite web |title=Const. Arizona, article V, section 3 |url=https://www.azleg.gov/viewDocument/?docName=http://www.azleg.gov/const/5/3.htm |access-date=22 August 2018 |website=Arizona State Legislature |publisher=State of Arizona}} Arizona is one of the few states that currently does not have a governor's mansion or other official residence.
Twenty-four people have served as governor over 28 distinct terms. All of the repeat governors were in the state's earliest years, when George W. P. Hunt and Thomas Edward Campbell alternated as governor for 17 years and, after a two-year gap, Hunt served another term. One governor, Evan Mecham, was successfully impeached, and one, Fife Symington, resigned upon being convicted of a felony. The longest-serving governor was Hunt, who was elected seven times and served just under fourteen years. The longest single stint was that of Bruce Babbitt, who was elected to two four-year terms after succeeding to the office following the death of his predecessor, Wesley Bolin, serving nearly nine years total. Bolin had the shortest tenure, dying less than five months after succeeding as governor. Arizona has had five female governors, the most in the United States, and was the first—and until 2019 (when Michelle Lujan Grisham succeeded Susana Martinez in neighboring New Mexico) the only—state where female governors served consecutively.
The current governor as of January 2, 2023, is Democrat Katie Hobbs.
List of governors
=Confederate Arizona=
{{main|Confederate Arizona}}
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In Tucson between April 2 and April 5, 1860, a convention of settlers from the southern half of New Mexico Territory drafted a provisional constitution for "Arizona Territory", three years before the United States would create such a territory. This proposed territory consisted of the part of New Mexico Territory south of 33° 40' north. On April 2,{{Cite book |last=Robinson |first=William Morrison |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TMYlAAAAMAAJ |title=Justice in Grey: A History of the Judicial System of the Confederate States of America |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=1941 |page=310 |access-date=August 3, 2010}} they elected a governor, Lewis S. Owings. The provisional territory was to exist until such time as an official territory was created, but that proposal was rejected by Congress at the time.{{sfn|McClintock|1916|pp=142–143}}
On March 16, 1861, soon before the American Civil War broke out, a convention in Mesilla voted that the provisional territory should secede from the Union and join the Confederacy.{{Cite book |last=Colton |first=Ray Charles |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JdMnyfgENN0C |title=The Civil War in the Western Territories |publisher=University of Oklahoma Press |year=1985 |isbn=0-8061-1902-0 |pages=9–10 |access-date=August 3, 2010}} Lewis S. Owings remained on as the provisional governor of the territory.
The Confederacy took ownership of the territory on August 1, 1861, when forces led by Lieutenant Colonel John R. Baylor won decisive control of the territory, and Baylor proclaimed himself governor.{{Cite book |last=Colton |first=Ray Charles |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JdMnyfgENN0C |title=The Civil War in the Western Territories |publisher=University of Oklahoma Press |year=1985 |isbn=0-8061-1902-0 |pages=122–123 |access-date=August 3, 2010}} Arizona Territory was formally organized in the Confederacy on January 18, 1862.{{Cite book |last=Cowles |first=Calvin Duvall |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NasoAAAAYAAJ |title=The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies |publisher=United States Government Printing Office |year=1900 |page=930 |access-date=August 3, 2010}} On March 20, 1862, Baylor issued an order to kill all the adult Apache and take their children into slavery. When Confederate President Jefferson Davis learned of this order, he strongly disapproved and demanded an explanation. Baylor wrote a letter December 29, 1862, to justify his decision, and after this was received, Davis relieved Baylor of his post and commission, calling his letter an "avowal of an infamous crime". By that time, the Confederate government of Arizona Territory was in exile in San Antonio, Texas, as the territory had been effectively lost to Union forces in July 1862;{{Cite book |last1=Heidler |first1=David Stephen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SdrYv7S60fgC |title=Encyclopedia Of The American Civil War: A Political, Social, and Military History |last2=Jeanne t. Heidler |last3=David J. Coles |publisher=W. W. Norton & Company |year=2002 |isbn=0-393-04758-X |page=1412 |access-date=August 3, 2010}} no new governor was appointed.
=Territory of Arizona=
Arizona Territory was formed on February 24, 1863, from New Mexico Territory, remaining a territory for 49 years.{{sfn|Wagoner|1970|p=20}}
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=State of Arizona=
The state of Arizona was admitted to the Union on February 14, 1912, the last of the contiguous states to be admitted.
The state constitution of 1912 called for the election of a governor every two years.AZ Const. art 5, § 1 The term was increased to four years by a 1968 amendment.[http://www.supreme.state.az.us/opin/pdf2002/CV020222APEL.pdf Ralph E. Hughes v. Douglas K. Martin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081014225208/http://www.supreme.state.az.us/opin/pdf2002/CV020222APEL.pdf |date=2008-10-14 }} (PDF), (Arizona Supreme Court 2002-08-20). “Nelson involved two allegedly conflicting amendments both approved by voters in the 1968 election, to Article 5 of the Arizona Constitution. ... The other amendment, proposition 104, extended the term of offices of the executive department, including the office of state auditor, from two years to four years.”{{Cite book |last=Berman |first=David R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LHYBFuW9B34C |title=Arizona Politics & Government: The Quest for Autonomy, Democracy, and Development |publisher=University of Nebraska Press |year=1998 |isbn=0-8032-6146-2 |page=112 |access-date=August 3, 2010}} The constitution originally included no term limit,AZ Const. art. 5, old § 1 but an amendment passed in 1992 allows governors to succeed themselves only once; before this, four governors were elected more than twice in a row. Gubernatorial terms begin on the first Monday in the January following the election. Governors who have served the two term limit can run again after four years out of office.
Arizona is one of the few states which does not have a lieutenant governor. Instead, in the event of a vacancy in the office of governor, the secretary of state, if elected, succeeds to the office. If the secretary of state was appointed rather than elected, or is otherwise ineligible to hold the office of governor, the next elected and eligible person in the line of succession assumes the office. The state constitution specifies the line of succession to be the Secretary of State, Attorney General, State Treasurer and Superintendent of Public Instruction, in that order.{{Cite web |title=Const. Arizona, article V, section 6 |url=https://www.azleg.gov/viewDocument/?docName=http://www.azleg.gov/const/5/6.htm |access-date=7 November 2018 |website=Arizona State Legislature |publisher=State of Arizona}} If the governor is out of the state or impeached, the next elected officer in the line of succession becomes acting governor until the governor returns or is cleared. In either case, any partial term counts toward the limit of two consecutive terms.
The line of succession has reached beyond the secretary of state only once, when Attorney General Bruce Babbitt became governor upon the death of Wesley Bolin. Rose Mofford had been appointed secretary of state to replace Bolin after Bolin succeeded to the governorship. Bolin had become governor when Raúl Héctor Castro resigned to accept appointment as ambassador to Argentina. Mofford later became acting governor after Evan Mecham was impeached by the House of Representatives, and succeeded to the governorship when Mecham was removed from office after his conviction by the Senate.
Starting with the 2026 election cycle, Arizona will have a lieutenant governor, pursuant to a 2022 amendment to the constitution.{{cite news |last=Barchenger |first=Stacey |date=September 21, 2023 |title=Arizona will elect its first lieutenant governor in 2026. What to know about the role |url=https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/politics/arizona/2023/09/21/arizona-will-elect-its-first-lieutenant-governor-in-2026-what-to-know/70848159007/ |work=The Arizona Republic |location=Phoenix, AZ |access-date=May 11, 2024}} Nominees will be chosen by each party's gubernatorial nominee, with the governor and lieutenant governor then chosen by general election voters on a joint ticket. If the offices of governor and the lieutenant governor become vacant at the same time, the amended law provisions of the state constitution are that the secretary of state, attorney general, state treasurer or the superintendent of public instruction will assume the office of governor and then appoint the lieutenant governor pending state legislative approval.{{cite web|title=Arizona Proposition 131, Create Office of Lieutenant Governor Amendment (2022)|url=https://ballotpedia.org/Arizona_Proposition_131,_Create_Office_of_Lieutenant_Governor_Amendment_(2022)|access-date=May 11, 2024|publisher=Ballotpedia}}
{{sticky header}}
Timeline
{{#tag:timeline|
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bar:PHunt
from: 14/02/1912 till: 01/01/1917 color:dem #PHunt
from: 25/12/1917 till: 06/01/1919 color:dem #PHunt
from: 01/01/1923 till: 07/01/1929 color:dem #PHunt
from: 05/01/1931 till: 02/01/1933 color:dem text:"George W. P. Hunt"
bar:ECampbell
from: 01/01/1917 till: 25/12/1917 color:rep #ECampbell
from: 06/01/1919 till: 01/01/1923 color:rep text:"Thomas Edward Campbell"
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from: 07/01/1929 till: 05/01/1931 color:rep text:"John Calhoun Phillips"
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from: 02/01/1933 till: 04/01/1937 color:dem text:"Benjamin Baker Moeur"
bar:Stanford
from: 04/01/1937 till: 02/01/1939 color:dem text:"Rawghile Clement Stanford"
bar:TJones
from: 02/01/1939 till: 06/01/1941 color:dem text:"Robert Taylor Jones"
bar:Osborn
from: 06/01/1941 till: 25/05/1948 color:dem text:"Sidney Preston Osborn"
bar:Garvey
from: 25/05/1948 till: 01/01/1951 color:dem text:"Dan Edward Garvey"
bar:Pyle
from: 01/01/1951 till: 03/01/1955 color:rep text:"John Howard Pyle"
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from: 03/01/1955 till: 05/01/1959 color:dem text:"Ernest McFarland"
bar:Fannin
from: 05/01/1959 till: 04/01/1965 color:rep text:"Paul Fannin"
bar:GoddardJ
from: 04/01/1965 till: 02/01/1967 color:dem text:"Samuel Pearson Goddard Jr."
bar:JWilliams
from: 02/01/1967 till: 06/01/1975 color:rep text:"Jack Williams"
bar:Castro
from: 06/01/1975 till: 20/10/1977 color:dem text:"Raúl Héctor Castro"
bar:Bolin
from: 20/10/1977 till: 04/03/1978 color:dem text:"Wesley Bolin"
bar:Babbitt
from: 04/03/1978 till: 05/01/1987 color:dem text:"Bruce Babbitt"
bar:Mecham
from: 05/01/1987 till: 04/01/1988 color:rep text:"Evan Mecham"
bar:Mofford
from: 04/01/1988 till: 06/03/1991 color:dem text:"Rose Mofford"
bar:Symington
from: 06/03/1991 till: 05/09/1997 color:rep text:"Fife Symington"
bar:Hull
from: 05/09/1997 till: 06/01/2003 color:rep text:"Jane Dee Hull"
bar:Napolitano
from: 06/01/2003 till: 20/01/2009 color:dem text:"Janet Napolitano"
bar:Brewer
from: 20/01/2009 till: 05/01/2015 color:rep text:"Jan Brewer"
bar:Ducey
from: 05/01/2015 till: 02/01/2023 color:rep text:"Doug Ducey"
bar:Hobbs
from: 02/01/2023 till: $today color:dem text:"Katie Hobbs"
}}
See also
Notes
{{notelist}}
References
;General
{{Refbegin}}
- {{Cite web |title=Former Arizona Governors |url=https://www.nga.org/former-governors/arizona/ |access-date=July 10, 2019 |publisher=National Governors Association}}
- {{Cite web |title=Arizona Governors |date=January 2015 |url=https://azgovernor.gov/governor/arizona-governors |access-date=January 20, 2023 |publisher=Office of the Governor of Arizona}}
- {{Cite book |last=Goff |first=John S. |title=Arizona Territorial Officials Volume II: The Governors 1863–1912 |publisher=Black Mountain Press |year=1978 |oclc=5100411}}
- {{Cite book |last=McClintock |first=James H. |url=https://archive.org/details/arizonaprehistor02mcclrich |title=Arizona, Prehistoric, Aboriginal, Pioneer, Modern: The Nation's Youngest Commonwealth Within a Land of Ancient Culture |publisher=The S.J. Clarke Publishing Co. |year=1916 |oclc=5398889 |access-date=October 11, 2008}}
- {{Cite book |last=Wagoner |first=Jay J. |url=https://archive.org/details/arizonaterritory00wago |title=Arizona Territory 1863–1912: A Political History |publisher=University of Arizona Press |year=1970 |isbn=0816501769 |url-access=registration}}
- {{Cite book |last=Sobel |first=Robert |url=https://archive.org/details/biographicaldire0001sobe/ |title=Biographical directory of the governors of the United States, 1789–1978, Vol. I |publisher=Meckler Books |year=1978 |isbn=9780930466015 |access-date=July 10, 2019}}
- {{Cite book |last=McMullin |first=Thomas A. |url=http://archive.org/details/biographicaldire0000mcmu |title=Biographical directory of American territorial governors |date=1984 |publisher=Westport, CT : Meckler |isbn=978-0-930466-11-4 |access-date=January 19, 2023}}
- {{Cite book |last=Kallenbach |first=Joseph Ernest |url=http://archive.org/details/americanstategov0000kall |title=American State Governors, 1776-1976 |date=1977 |publisher=Oceana Publications |isbn=978-0-379-00665-0 |access-date=September 23, 2023}}
- {{Cite book |last=Dubin |first=Michael J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WYJAIOabIPgC |title=United States Gubernatorial Elections, 1861-1911: The Official Results by State and County |date=2014 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-0-7864-5646-8 |language=en}}
- {{Cite book |last=Glashan |first=Roy R. |url=http://archive.org/details/americangovernor0000glas |title=American Governors and Gubernatorial Elections, 1775-1978 |date=1979 |publisher=Meckler Books |isbn=978-0-930466-17-6}}
- {{Cite journal |last=Finch |first=L. Boyd |date=1985 |title=ARIZONA'S GOVERNORS WITHOUT PORTFOLIO: A Wonderfully Diverse Lot |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41859616 |journal=The Journal of Arizona History |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=77–99 |issn=0021-9053 |jstor=41859616}}
- {{Cite web |title=Our Campaigns - Governor of Arizona - History |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/ContainerHistory.html?ContainerID=200 |access-date=2023-07-25 |website=www.ourcampaigns.com}}
{{Refend}}
;Constitution
{{Refbegin}}
- {{Cite web |year=1912 |title=Constitution of the State of Arizona |url=https://www.azleg.gov/constitution/ |access-date=December 20, 2022 |publisher=Arizona Legislature}}
{{Refend}}
;Specific
{{Reflist}}
External links
{{Commons category| Governors of Arizona}}
- [https://azgovernor.gov/ Office of the Governor of Arizona]
{{Current U.S. governors}}
{{Lists of US Governors}}
{{Arizona}}
{{Arizona statewide elected officials}}
{{United States governors' residences}}
{{Featured list}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Arizona, List Of Governors Of}}
Category:Lists of state governors of the United States