List of heaviest land mammals

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!2

|Asian elephant

|160px

|Elephantidae

|Elephas maximus: E. m. indicus, E. m. maximus, E. m. sumatranus, E. m. borneensis

|{{convert|2,400-8,000|kg|lbs|abbr=on}}

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!3

|African forest elephant

|160px

|Elephantidae

|Loxodonta cyclotis

|{{convert|1,700-6,000|kg|lbs|abbr=on|}}{{cite journal|url=https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/elephant/vol2/iss4/3/|title=African forest elephant and african bush elephant|journal=Elephant|date=January 2000 |volume=2 |issue=4 |doi=10.22237/elephant/1521732169 |last1=Grubb |first1=Peter |last2=Groves |first2=Colin |last3=Dudley |first3=Joseph |last4=Shoshani |first4=Jeheskel |doi-access=free }}

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!4

|White rhinoceros||160px||Rhinocerotidae||Ceratotherium simum: Ceratotherium simum cottoni, C. s. simum

|{{convert|3,000-4,500|kg|lbs|abbr=on|}}{{cite web|url=http://www.viuzza.net/travel/viuzza-wildlife-rhinoceros.htm|title=African Rhinoceros|website=viuzza.net|access-date=14 June 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714162027/http://www.viuzza.net/travel/viuzza-wildlife-rhinoceros.htm|archive-date=14 July 2015}}

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!5

|Hippopotamus||160px||Hippopotamidae||Hippopotamus amphibius: H. a. amphibius, H. a. kiboko, H. a. capensis, H. a. tschadensis, H. a. constrictus

|{{convert|1,210–4,500|kg|lbs|abbr=on}}{{cite web|title=Hippopotamus amphibius (hippopotamus)|url=http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Hippopotamus_amphibius/|website=Animal Diversity Web}} {{cite journal|last1= Weston|first1= E.M.|last2= Lister|first2= A.M.|title= Insular dwarfism in hippos and a model for brain size reduction in Homo floresiensis |journal= Nature|volume= 459|issue= 7243|year= 2009|pages= 85–88|doi= 10.1038/nature07922|pmid= 19424156|pmc= 2679980|bibcode= 2009Natur.459...85W}} Adult range (males plus females; see Supplementary Discussion on page 15 of Supplementary Material); note mean mass = 1,495 kg.

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!6

|Indian rhinoceros

|160px

|Rhinocerotidae

|Rhinoceros unicornis

|{{convert|2,070-4,000|kg|lbs|abbr=on|}} Boitani, Luigi, Simon & Schuster's Guide to Mammals. Simon & Schuster/Touchstone Books (1984), {{ISBN|978-0-671-42805-1}} {{cite journal|title= Rhinoceros unicornis|journal= Mammalian Species|last1= Laurie|first1= W.A.|last2= Lang|first2= E.M.|last3= Groves|first3= C.P.|issue= 211|pages= 1–6|year= 1983|doi= 10.2307/3504002|jstor= 3504002|doi-access= free}} Weights are for captive males; see page 1.

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!7

|Black rhinoceros

|160px

|Rhinocerotidae

|Diceros bicornis: D. b. minor, D. b. michaeli, D. b. longipes

|{{convert|850-2,896|kg|lbs|abbr=on}}{{cite journal|title= Diceros bicornis|journal= Mammalian Species|last1= Hillman-Smith|first1= A.K.K..|last2= Groves|first2= C.P.|issue= 455|pages= 1–8|year= 1994|doi= 10.2307/3504292 |jstor= 3504292|doi-access= free}} See page 2.

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!8

|Javan rhinoceros|| 160px ||Rhinocerotidae

||Rhinoceros sondaicus||{{convert|900-2,300|kg|lbs|abbr=on}}{{cite book | title=The Return of the Unicorns; The Natural History and Conservation of the Greater One-Horned Rhinoceros |last = Dinerstein | first=E. | publisher=Columbia University Press | location = New York City |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-231-08450-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o6HuJQBmtksC}}

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!9

|Giraffe||160px||Giraffidae||Giraffa camelopardalis: G. c. camelopardalis, G. c. reticulata, G. c. angolensis, G. c. antiquorum, G. c. tippelskirchi, G. c. rothschildi, G. c. giraffa, G. c. thornicrofti, G. c. peralta

|{{convert|700-2,000|kg|lbs|abbr=on}}{{cite journal|last= Hall-Martin|first= A.J.|title= Giraffe Weight Estimation Using Dissected Leg Weight and Body Measurements |journal=The Journal of Wildlife Management |volume= 41|issue= 4|year= 1977|pages= 740–745|doi= 10.2307/3799999 |jstor= 3799999}} Male weight range, from Table 1.Owen-Smith, R. Norman, Megaherbivores: The Influence of Very Large Body Size on Ecology. Cambridge University Press (1992), {{ISBN|978-0-521-42637-4}}

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!10

|Gaur||160px||Bovidae||Bos gaurus: B. g. gaurus, B. g. readei, B. g. hubbacki

|{{convert|440-1,500|kg|lbs|abbr=on}}{{cite book |author=MacKinnon, J. |year=2008 |chapter=Gaur |page=472 |title=A Guide to the Mammals of China |editor1=Smith, A. T. |editor2=Xie, Y. |publisher=Princeton University Press |location=Princeton |isbn=9781400834112 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ka-9f68nPT4C&pg=PA472}}

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!11

|Cattle||160px||Bovidae||Bos taurus, Bos indicus, Bos primigenius||{{convert|120-1,400|kg|lbs|abbr=on}}Friend, John B., Cattle of the World, Blandford Press, Dorset, 1978{{Cite web|url=http://www.cattlenetwork.net/breeds/hereford.htm|title=Hereford cattle weight|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150124050154/http://www.cattlenetwork.net/breeds/hereford.htm|archive-date=24 January 2015}}

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!12

|American bison||160px||Bovidae|| Bison bison: B. b. athabascae, B. b. bison

||{{convert|540-1270|kg|lbs|abbr=on}} in wild,{{cite journal|title= Bison bison|journal= Mammalian Species|last= Meagher|first= M.|issue= 266|pages= 1–8|year= 1986|doi= 10.1093/mspecies/266.1 |jstor= 3504019|doi-access= free}} Male weight range, page 1.{{cite book|author1=Joel Berger|author2=Carol Cunningham|title=Bison: mating and conservation in small populations|date=June 1994|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-08456-7|page=162}} and a semidomesticated bull weighed {{convert|1724|kg|lb|abbr=on}}.

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!13

|Wild water buffalo||160px||Bovidae||Bubalus arnee{{refn|group=Note|The domestic water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) also occurs as feral populations, sometimes in sympatry with Bubalus arnee.}}

|{{convert|600-1200|kg|lbs|abbr=on}}{{cite journal |last1= Aryal|first1=A.|last2= Shrestha|first2=T.K.|last3= Ram|first3=A.|last4= Frey|first4=W.|last5= Groves|first5=C.|last6= Hemmer|first6=H.|last7= Dhakal|first7=M.|last8= Koirala|first8=R.J.|last9= Heinen|first9=J.|last10= Raubenheimer|first10=D.|year= 2011|title= Call to conserve the Wild Water Buffalo (Bubalus arnee) in Nepal |journal= International Journal of Conservation Science |volume= 2|issue= 4|pages= 261–268|url= http://ijcs.ro/pub/IJCS-11-23-Aryal.pdf|access-date= 2020-05-25}} See page 262.{{cite book|editor1= Ahrestani, F.S.|editor2= Sankaran, M.|last1= Ahrestani|first1=F.S.|last2= Heitkönig|first2=I.M.A.|last3= Matsubayashi|first3=H.|last4= Prins|first4=H.H.T.|title= The Ecology of Large Herbivores in South and Southeast Asia|chapter= Grazing and Browsing by Large Herbivores in South and Southeast Asia|journal= Ecological Studies: Analysis and Synthesis|volume= 225|year= 2016|pages= 99–120|series= Ecological Studies|publisher= Springer Netherlands|issn=0070-8356|doi= 10.1007/978-94-017-7570-0_4|isbn= 978-94-017-7568-7|chapter-url= https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-94-017-7570-0_4.pdf |access-date= 2020-05-25}} See page 104.

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!14

|Wild yak||160px||Bovidae||Bos mutus||{{convert|500-1,200|kg|lbs|abbr=on}}Han Jianlin, M. Melletti, J. Burton, 2014, Wild yak (Bos mutus Przewalski, 1883), Ecology, Evolution and Behavior of Wild Cattle: Implications for Conservation, Chapter 1, p.203, Cambridge University Press

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!15

|Giant eland||160px||Bovidae||Taurotragus derbianus: T. d. derbianus, T. d. gigas||{{convert|400-1,200|kg|lbs|abbr=on}}{{cite web|last=Atlan|first=B|title=Taurotragus derbianus|url=http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Taurotragus_derbianus.html|work=University of Michigan Museum of Zoology|publisher=Animal Diversity Web|access-date=29 July 2012}}

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!16

|Gayal||160px||Bovidae||Bos frontalis||{{convert|650-1,000|kg|lbs|abbr=on}}{{cn|date=January 2023}}

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!17

|European bison||160px||Bovidae||Bison bonasus||{{convert|500-1,000|kg|lbs|abbr=on}}Boitani, Luigi, Simon & Schuster's Guide to Mammals. Simon & Schuster/Touchstone Books (1984), {{ISBN|978-0-671-42805-1}}

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!18

|Sumatran rhinoceros||160px||Rhinocerotidae||Dicerorhinus sumatrensis||{{convert|500-1,000|kg|lbs|abbr=on}}{{cite journal |last1=Groves |first1=C. P. |last2=Kurt |first2=F. |year=1972 |title=Dicerorhinus sumatrenis |journal=Mammalian Species |doi=10.2307/3503818 |issue=21 |pages=1–6 |url=http://www.science.smith.edu/msi/pdf/i0076-3519-021-01-0001.pdf |jstor=3503818 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121101134454/http://www.science.smith.edu/msi/pdf/i0076-3519-021-01-0001.pdf |archive-date=1 November 2012 }}

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!19

|Common eland||160px||Bovidae||Taurotragus oryx: T. o. livingstonii, T. o. oryx, T. o. pattersonianus||{{convert|400-1,000|kg|lbs|abbr=on}}{{cite book| last = Kingdon | first = J | year = 1997 | title = The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals | publisher = Princeton University Press | isbn = 978-0-691-11692-1}}{{cite web | url = http://www.seaworld.org/animal-info/animal-bytes/animalia/eumetazoa/coelomates/deuterostomes/chordata/craniata/mammalia/artiodactyla/common-eland.htm | title = Animal Bytes – Common Eland | publisher = Seaworld.org | access-date = 2012-04-08 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120619004728/http://www.seaworld.org/animal-info/animal-bytes/animalia/eumetazoa/coelomates/deuterostomes/chordata/craniata/mammalia/artiodactyla/common-eland.htm | archive-date = 2012-06-19 | url-status = dead }}

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!20

|Bactrian camel||160px||Camelidae||Camelus bactrianus, Camelus ferus||{{convert|300-1,000|kg|lbs|abbr=on}}{{cite web| url= http://www.edgeofexistence.org/mammals/species_info.php?id=8 |title= Bactrian Camel| website= EdgeofExistence.org| publisher= EDGE| year= 2010}}{{cite web| url= http://www.ultimateungulate.com/artiodactyla/camelus_bactrianus.html |title= Bactrian Camel| website= UltimateUngulate.com}}

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!21

|Dromedary||160px||Camelidae||Camelus dromedarius||{{convert|400-1,000|kg|lbs|abbr=on}}{{cite web |title=Dromedary, Arabian camel |url=http://www.ultimateungulate.com/Artiodactyla/Camelus_dromedarius.html |website=ultimateungulate.com}}

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!22

|Water buffalo||160px||Bovidae||Bubalus bubalis||{{convert|300-1,000 or 1,100|kg|lbs|abbr=on}}{{cite book |author=Cockrill, W. R. |year=1977 |url=http://www4.zetatalk.com/docs/Animal_Power/The_Water_Buffalo_1977.pdf |title=The water buffalo |publisher=Animal Production and Health Series No. 4. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |location=Rome |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616141330/http://www4.zetatalk.com/docs/Animal_Power/The_Water_Buffalo_1977.pdf |archive-date=June 16, 2013}}{{cite book |editor=Cockrill, W. R. |year=1974 |title=The husbandry and health of the domestic buffalo |location=Rome |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations}}

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!23

|Yak||160px||Bovidae||Bos grunniens||{{convert|300-1,000|kg|lbs|abbr=on}}Buchholtz, C. (1990). True Cattle (Genus Bos). pp. 386–397 in S. Parker, ed. Grzimek's Encyclopedia of Mammals, Volume 5. New York: McGraw-Hill Publishing Company. (quoted in [http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Bos_grunniens.html Oliphant, M. (2003). Bos grunniens (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed 4 April 2009])

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!24

|Polar bear||160px||Ursidae||Ursus maritimus||{{convert|300-1,000|kg|lbs|abbr=on}}{{cite journal |doi=10.1017/S0952836902000377 |title=Postnatal growth in body length and mass of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) at Svalbard |journal=Journal of Zoology |volume=256 |issue=3 |pages=343–349 |year=2002 |last1=Derocher |first1=A. E. |last2=Wiig |first2=Ø.}}Hemstock, p. 4{{cite book |last=Wood |first=G.L. |year=1983 |title=The Guinness Book of Animal Records |page=[https://archive.org/details/guinnessbookofan00wood/page/240 240] |isbn=978-0-85112-235-9 |url=https://archive.org/details/guinnessbookofan00wood/page/240 |publisher=Enfield, Middlesex: Guinness Superlatives }}

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!25

|Brown bear||160px||Ursidae||Ursus arctos: U. a. arctos, U. a. collaris, U. a. beringianus, U. a. isabellinus, U. a. gobiensis, U. a. lasiotus, Ursus arctos marsicanus, U. a. syriacus, U. a. pruinosus, U. a. horribilis, U. a. gyas,U. a. middendorffi, U. a. sitkensis, U. a. stikeenensis, U. a. nelsoni, U. a. crowtheri||{{convert|150-1,000|kg|lbs|abbr=on}}{{cite journal|author=Christiansen, P.|year=1999|title=What size were Arctodus simus and Ursus spelaeus (Carnivora: Ursidae)?|journal=Annales Zoologici Fennici|volume=36|issue=2|pages=93–102|jstor=23735739}}{{cite book|last1=Feldhamer |first1=G. A. |last2=Thompson |first2=B. C. |last3=Chapman |first3=J. A. |year=2003 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=-xQalfqP7BcC&pg=PP1 |title=Wild mammals of North America: biology, management, and conservation |publisher=JHU Press|isbn=9780801874161 }}{{cite book | author = Wood, Gerald | title = The Guinness Book of Animal Facts and Feats | year = 1983 | publisher = Guinness Superlatives | isbn = 978-0-85112-235-9 | url = https://archive.org/details/guinnessbookofan00wood }}{{cite news |last1=LaFee |first1=Scott |title=Seeds of doubt |url=http://www.utsandiego.com/uniontrib/20080529/news_1c29bear.html |access-date=2016-03-08 |newspaper=The San Diego Union-Tribune |date=2008-05-29}}

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!26

|Kouprey||||Bovidae||Bos sauveli||{{convert|680-910|kg|lbs|abbr=on}}[http://www.arkive.org/kouprey/bos-sauveli/#text=Facts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110810180727/http://www.arkive.org/kouprey/bos-sauveli/#text=Facts#text=Facts|date=2011-08-10}} (2011).Burnie D and Wilson DE (Eds.), Animal: The Definitive Visual Guide to the World's Wildlife. DK Adult (2005), {{ISBN|0789477645}}

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!27

|Banteng||160px||Bovidae||Bos javanicus: B. j. javanicus, B. j. lowi, B. j. birmanicus||{{convert|590-900|kg|lbs|abbr=on}}A. Hoogerwer, 1970, Udjung Kulon: The Land of the Last Javan Rhinoceros, Physical Details pp 167-171, Brill Archive

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!28

|African buffalo||160px||Bovidae||Syncerus caffer: S. c. caffer, S. c. nanus, S. c. brachyceros, S. c. mathewsi, S. c. aequinoctialis

||{{convert|300-870|kg|lbs|abbr=on}}{{cite journal|last1= Pienaar|first1=U. de V.|title= Observation on developmental biology, growth and some aspects of the population ecology of the African Buffalo (Syncerus caffer caffer Sparrman) in the Kruger National Park |journal= Koedoe|volume= 12|issue= 1|year= 1969|issn=2071-0771|doi= 10.4102/koedoe.v12i1.745|url= https://koedoe.co.za/index.php/koedoe/article/view/745|doi-access= free}} Combined adult male range for Kruger National Park, South Africa (639.6-767.5 kg; Table 1, page ~56) and East Africa (678.6-835.1 kg; page 36)Cape Buffalo, Encyclopedia Britannica https://www.britannica.com/animal/Cape-buffalo

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!29

|Moose||160px||Cervidae||Alces alces: A. a. alces, A. a. pfizenmayeri, A. a. cameloides, A. a. buturlini, A. a. americana, A. a. andersoni, A. a. gigas, A. a. shirasi||{{convert|200-820|kg|lbs|abbr=on}}{{cite web|url=http://www.env.gov.nl.ca/snp/Animals/moose.htm |title=Moose |publisher=Env.gov.nl.ca |access-date=November 27, 2009 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080102234625/http://www.env.gov.nl.ca/snp/Animals/moose.htm |archive-date = January 2, 2008}}Franzmann, A. W. (1981). Alces alces. Mammalian Species, 1-7.Wood, The Guinness Book of Animal Facts and Feats. Sterling Pub Co Inc. (1983), {{ISBN|978-0-85112-235-9}}

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!30

|Elk||160px||Cervidae||Cervus canadensis: C. c. alashanicus, C. c. kansuensis, C. c. macneilli, C. c. manitobensis, C. c. nannodes, C. c. nelsoni, C. c. roosevelti, C. c. xanthopygus, C. c. sibiricus, C. c. songaricus, C. c. wallichii||{{convert|170-600|kg|lbs|abbr=on}}{{cite web| title = Cervus elaphus| work = Animal Diversity Web| publisher = University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology| url = http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cervus_elaphus.html| access-date = 4 December 2010| archive-date = 10 November 2014| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141110030425/http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cervus_elaphus.html| url-status = live}}{{cite web |last = Eide |first = Sterling |title = Roosevelt Elk |publisher = Alaska Department of Fish and Game |url = http://www.adfg.state.ak.us/pubs/notebook/biggame/elk.php |access-date = 4 December 2010 |archive-date = 5 June 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070605111526/http://www.adfg.state.ak.us/pubs/notebook/biggame/elk.php}}

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• Largest organisms

{{reflist|group=Note}}

{{reflist}}

{{Portal|Mammals}}

{{Wikispecies|Mammalia}}

{{Wikibooks|Dichotomous Key|Mammalia}}

{{Chordata}}

{{Mammals}}

Heaviest

mammals

Category:Heaviest or most massive organisms