List of individual body parts

| File:Diogo Alves - extraído de uma gravura da época (1840).png{{center|{{sortname|Diogo|Alves}}}}

| {{center|University of Lisbon's Faculty of Medicine}}

| {{center|Head}}

| Portuguese serial killer Diogo Alves was executed in 1841. His head was removed from his body and sent to the {{ill|Medical-Surgical School of Lisbon|pt|Escola Médico-Cirúrgica de Lisboa}} to be studied by phrenologists. Alves's head has been displayed in exhibitions and is kept at the anatomical theatre of the University of Lisbon's Faculty of Medicine. The head resides in a glass jar, submerged in a formaldehyde solution. His eyes were removed and replaced with glass eyes.{{cite book |last1=Pascoal |first1=Sara Cerqueira |last2=Tallone |first2=Laura |last3=Furtado |first3=Marco |title=Dark Heritage Tourism in the Iberian Peninsula: Memories of Tragedy and Death |date=2023 |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |isbn=978-1-5275-0097-6 |page=296 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j6C5EAAAQBAJ&dq=%22diogo%20alves%22%20head&pg=PA296 |language=en |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=30 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530081957/https://www.google.com.ar/books/edition/Dark_Heritage_Tourism_in_the_Iberian_Pen/j6C5EAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22diogo%20alves%22%20head&pg=PA296&printsec=frontcover |url-status=live }}

| File:(Venice) Sant'Antonio da Padova by Alvise Vivarini - Correr Museum.jpg
{{center|Anthony of Padua}}

| {{center|Basilica of Saint Anthony of Padua}}

| {{center|Tongue}}

| Anthony died in 1231. His body was transferred to a larger church in 1263 and Bonaventure removed the chin and tongue. A reliquary was carved for the jaw in 1350.{{cite news|title=When Anthony spoke again |url=http://www.messengersaintanthony.com/messaggero/pagina_articolo.asp?IDX=3IDRX=1 |access-date=21 March 2015 |work=Messenger of Saint Anthony |url-status = dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402124205/http://www.messengersaintanthony.com/messaggero/pagina_articolo.asp?IDX=3IDRX%3D1 |archive-date=2 April 2015 }} The chin and tongue are kept in a gold reliquary in the Basilica of Saint Anthony of Padua.{{cite news |last1=Sosa |first1=Michele Gama |title=Famous Historical Figures Whose Body Parts Went Missing After Death |url=https://www.grunge.com/1150416/famous-historical-figures-whose-body-parts-went-missing/ |work=Grunge |date=28 December 2022 |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=25 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225123910/https://www.grunge.com/1150416/famous-historical-figures-whose-body-parts-went-missing/ |url-status=live }}

| File:Saint Thomas Aquinas.jpg
{{center|Thomas Aquinas}}

| {{center|San Domenico Maggiore}}

| {{center|Arm}}

| Thomas Aquinas died in 1274. Following his canonization in 1363, his bones were relocated to the Dominican Church of Toulouse. His head is thought to rest in the cathedral of Priverno in Latium. A fragment from Aquinas's left arm bone is kept as a relic by San Domenico Maggiore in Naples. The arm bone fragment is preserved within a bronze and silver arm-shaped reliquary as part of the Sacred Relics Chamber of the church.{{cite news |last1=Traverso |first1=V. M. |title=The arm-shaped reliquary of St. Thomas Aquinas, explained |url=https://aleteia.org/2018/05/21/the-arm-shaped-reliquary-of-st-thomas-aquinas-explained/ |work=Aleteia — Catholic Spirituality, Lifestyle, World News, and Culture |date=21 May 2018 |language=en |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=3 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603112225/https://aleteia.org/2018/05/21/the-arm-shaped-reliquary-of-st-thomas-aquinas-explained/ |url-status=live }}

| File:Charles Babbage by Antoine Claudet c1847-51-crop.jpg
{{center|{{sortname|Charles|Babbage}}}}

| {{center|Hunterian Museum, London
----
Science Museum, London}}

| {{center|Brain}}

| Charles Babbage (1791–1871) wanted his brain donated to science. Half of his brain is preserved in the Royal College of Surgeons Hunterian Museum and the other half is at Science Museum, London.{{cite news |title=A Description of the Brain of Mr. Charles Babbage (1909) |url=https://publicdomainreview.org/collection/a-description-of-the-brain-of-mr-charles-babbage-1909/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |work=The Public Domain Review |language=en |archive-date=25 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225155817/https://publicdomainreview.org/collection/a-description-of-the-brain-of-mr-charles-babbage-1909 |url-status=live }}

! scope="rowgroup" rowspan="2" | File:Beethoven Mähler 1815.jpg
{{center|{{sortname|Ludwig van|Beethoven}}}}

| {{center|Lost}}

|
{{center|Ear bones (ossicles)}}

| During Beethoven's autopsy, pathologist Johann Wagner{{cite book |last1=Lovejoy |first1=Bess |title=Rest in Pieces: The Curious Fates of Famous Corpses |date=2016 |publisher=Duckworth Books |isbn=978-0-7156-4977-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ucq5DwAAQBAJ&dq=beethoven+bones&pg=PT59 |language=en |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=30 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530081931/https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=ucq5DwAAQBAJ&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&lpg=PT60&dq=beethoven%20bones&pg=PT59#v=onepage&q=beethoven%20bones&f=false |url-status=live }} sawed Beethoven's skull open and cut out his temporal bones. When his body was exhumed in 1863, the temporal bones and six of his teeth were missing. His skull was in nine pieces. Some fragments were taken before the body was reinterred. They were later found to be held by Franz Romeo Seligmann.{{cite book |last1=Verstraete |first1=Larry |title=Case Files: 40 Murders and Mysteries Solved by Science |date=2011 |publisher=Scholastic Canada |isbn=978-1-4431-0000-7 |pages=101, 103 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pAR327i2WhoC&dq=beethoven%20bones&pg=PA101 |language=en |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=30 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530082022/https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=pAR327i2WhoC&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&lpg=PA106&dq=beethoven%20bones&pg=PA101#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}{{cite news |title=10 Weird Preserved Body Parts Of Famous People In History |url=https://historydaily.org/preserved-body-parts-of-historic-figures |work=History Daily |date=29 April 2016 |language=en |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=3 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203035610/https://historydaily.org/preserved-body-parts-of-historic-figures |url-status=live }}

| {{center|New York Public Library}}

|
{{center|Hair}}

| Following Beethoven's death in 1827, his admirers and friends took locks of hair from his head as mementos. According to a 2023 paper, at least five authentic locks of his hair exist in public and private collections. Analyses of the hair determined that Beethoven had high levels of lead and arsenic{{cite news |last1=Kolata |first1=Gina |title=Locks of Beethoven's Hair Offer New Clues to the Mystery of His Deafness |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/06/health/beethoven-deaf-lead-hair.html |work=The New York Times |date=6 May 2024 |archive-date=6 May 2024 |access-date=28 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240506213229/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/06/health/beethoven-deaf-lead-hair.html |url-status=live }} and that he was predisposed to liver disease, had Hepatitis B, and at least one member of his direct paternal line had an extramarital affair.{{cite journal |last1=Begg |first1=Tristan James Alexander |last2=Schmidt |first2=Axel |last3=Kocher |first3=Arthur |title=Genomic analyses of hair from Ludwig van Beethoven |journal=Current Biology |date=April 2023 |volume=33 |issue=8 |pages=1431–1447.e22 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2023.02.041|hdl=10067/1974860151162165141 |hdl-access=free }}{{cite news |title=Beethoven Dead From Lead? |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/beethoven-dead-lead |work=Science |date=28 August 2007 |archive-date=28 June 2024 |access-date=28 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240628205906/https://www.science.org/content/article/beethoven-dead-lead |url-status=live }}

| File:Bentham head - moire - desaturated HSV value.png{{center|{{sortname|Jeremy|Bentham}}}}

| {{center|University College London}}

|
{{center|Head}}

| Philosopher Jeremy Bentham died in 1832 and left instructions for his body to be dissected and permanently preserved as an "auto-icon" (or self-image), which would be his memorial. Bentham wanted his head to be preserved in the style of the Māori, and Thomas Southwood Smith created the auto-icon. Finding it unsuitable for display, he commissioned a wax replica of the head. The auto-icon is now on public display at the entrance of the Student Centre at University College London. After Bentham's head was stolen by students from King's College London in the 1990s, it was removed from display.{{cite news |title=Why philosopher Jeremy Bentham's severed, stolen, and poorly preserved head is back on display |url=https://www.cbc.ca/radio/asithappens/as-it-happens-tuesday-edition-1.4320308/why-philosopher-jeremy-bentham-s-severed-stolen-and-poorly-preserved-head-is-back-on-display-1.4320319 |work=CBC Radio |date=3 October 2017 |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=30 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530090639/https://www.cbc.ca/radio/asithappens/as-it-happens-tuesday-edition-1.4320308/why-philosopher-jeremy-bentham-s-severed-stolen-and-poorly-preserved-head-is-back-on-display-1.4320319 |url-status=live }}

| File:Sarah Bernhardt in Studio.jpg
{{center|Sarah Bernhardt}}

| {{center|Lost}}

|
{{center|Leg}}

| French actress Sarah Bernhardt twisted her right knee during a 1904 production of Tosca. She experienced pain which worsened in 1914 and she couldn't put any weight on it. After trying a plaster cast for six months, she wrote to her physician, Samuel Jean Pozzi, asking that he amputate her leg above the knee.{{cite book |last1=De Costa |first1=Caroline |title=The Diva and Doctor God: Letters from Sarah Bernhardt to Doctor Samuel Pozzi |date=2010 |publisher=Xlibris Corporation |isbn=978-1-4535-8314-2 |pages=228–233 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WL8HToLONf4C&dq=sarah+bernhardt+%22leg%22&pg=PA228 |language=en |chapter=Sarahs' missing leg |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=30 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530082033/https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=WL8HToLONf4C&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&lpg=PA228&dq=sarah%20bernhardt%20%22leg%22&pg=PA228#v=onepage&q=sarah%20bernhardt%20%22leg%22&f=false |url-status=live }} On 22 February 1915, the leg was amputated above the knee with an anterior flap. The leg was taken to the Faculty of Medicine in Bordeaux for a pathological examination. French newspaper Sud Ouest reported that Bernhardt's leg had been found in the Faculty's basement in 2008, only to produce a left leg that had been amputated below the knee. The whereabouts of her leg are unknown.{{cite journal |last1=de Costa |first1=Caroline |last2=Miller |first2=Francesca |title=Sarah Bernhardt's missing leg |journal=The Lancet |date=July 2009 |volume=374 |issue=9686 |pages=284–285 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61353-2 |url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140673609613532/fulltext |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=30 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530082037/https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140673609613532/fulltext |url-status=live }}

| File:Saint André Bessette.jpg
{{center|{{sortname|André|Bessette}}}}

| {{center|Saint Joseph's Oratory}}

|
{{center|Heart}}

|The remains of Bessette lie in Saint Joseph's Oratory, the church he helped build. His body lies in a tomb built below the Oratory's Main Chapel, except for his heart, which is preserved in a reliquary in the same Oratory. The heart was stolen in March 1973, but was recovered in December 1974 with the help of criminal lawyer Frank Shoofey.Michael Enright and Frank Shoofey (26 December 1974), [https://www.cbc.ca/player/play/1563635143 Radio interview on the recovery of brother Andre's heart from CBC archives] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230907231048/https://www.cbc.ca/player/play/1563635143 |date=7 September 2023 }}, audio clip from the archives of CBC Radio. Retrieved 18 August 2022.

| File:AnneBoleynHever.jpg
{{center|{{sortname|Anne|Boleyn}}}}

| {{center|St. Mary's church, Erwarton}}

|
{{center|Heart}}

| A lead, heart-shaped box was discovered in the chancel wall of St Mary's church in Erwarton in 1837. The box contained dust and was reburied beneath the church organ in 1838. A church in Norfolk also lays claim to being the location of Boleyn's remains.{{cite news |last1=Briggs |first1=Stacia |last2=Connor |first2=Siofra |title=Weird Suffolk: Is poor Anne Boleyn's heart buried in a Suffolk or Norfolk church? |url=https://www.eadt.co.uk/news/21409991.weird-suffolk-poor-anne-boleyns-heart-buried-suffolk-norfolk-church/ |work=East Anglian Daily Times |date=23 November 2019 |language=en |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=1 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401200825/https://www.eadt.co.uk/news/21409991.weird-suffolk-poor-anne-boleyns-heart-buried-suffolk-norfolk-church/ |url-status=live }}{{cite news |last1=Defalco |first1=Daniel |title=The Suffolk church where the heart of Anne Boleyn may have been buried |url=https://www.suffolklive.com/news/history/suffolk-church-heart-anne-boleyn-8301726 |work=Suffolk Live |date=2 April 2023 |language=en |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=7 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240207121616/https://www.suffolklive.com/news/history/suffolk-church-heart-anne-boleyn-8301726 |url-status=live }}{{cite magazine |last1=Shay |first1=Christopher |title=Top 10 Famous Stolen Body Parts |url=https://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/completelist/0,29569,1988719,00.html |magazine=Time |date=10 May 2011 |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=8 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208165123/https://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/completelist/0,29569,1988719,00.html |url-status=live }}

| File:François, Claude (dit Frère Luc) - Saint Bonaventure.jpg
{{center|Bonaventure}}

| {{center|Cattedrale San Bonaventura}}

|
{{center|Arm}}

| The braccio santo or holy arm of Bonaventure has been kept as a relic by the Cattedrale San Bonaventura in a chapel to the right of the church's nave since it was brought there in 1491. The only extant relic of Bonaventure is the right arm and hand with which he wrote his Commentary on the Sentences, which is now conserved at Bagnoregio, in the Cathedral of San Nicola and San Donato. It is kept in a silver, arm-shaped reliquary.{{cite web |last1=Leonard |first1=Patrick |title=Birthplace of St. Bonaventure celebrates his feast day |url=https://www.ewtn.no/photos-birthplace-of-st-bonaventure-celebrates-his-feast-day/ |website=EWTN Norge |date=15 July 2023 |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=5 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005024411/https://www.ewtn.no/photos-birthplace-of-st-bonaventure-celebrates-his-feast-day/ |url-status=live }}{{cite book |author=Laurence Costelloe |publisher=Longmans, Green & Company |year=1911 |url=https://archive.org/details/saintbonaventur00costgoog |page=[https://archive.org/details/saintbonaventur00costgoog/page/n76 54] |title=Saint Bonaventure: The Seraphic Doctor, Minister-general of the Franciscan Order, Cardinal Bishop of Albano}}

| File:Badu Bonsu II.jpg
{{center|{{sortname|Badu|Bonsu II}}}}

| {{center|Ghana}}

|
{{center|Head}}

| After Badu Bonsu II was captured and executed in 1838, a Dutch surgeon removed his head. The head was taken to the Netherlands, examined by a phrenologist, and then lost for over 100 years. In 2002, the head, preserved in a jar with formaldehyde, was discovered in the cupboard of a laboratory of the Leiden University Medical Center by novelist Arthur Japin. Bonsu's head was returned to Ghana in 2009.{{cite news |last1=Popham |first1=Peter |title=Bring us the head of King Badu Bonsu, said Ghana – and the Dutch |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/bring-us-the-head-of-king-badu-bonsu-said-ghana-ndash-and-the-dutch-said-yes-1760710.html |work=The Independent |date=24 July 2009 |language=en |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=15 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215131705/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/bring-us-the-head-of-king-badu-bonsu-said-ghana-ndash-and-the-dutch-said-yes-1760710.html |url-status=live }}{{cite news |title=Badu Bonsu II; the King whose head was preserved in a jar in a laboratory |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Badu-Bonsu-II-the-King-whose-head-was-preserved-in-a-jar-in-a-laboratory-847618 |work=GhanaWeb |date=25 January 2020 |language=en |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=15 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215131700/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Badu-Bonsu-II-the-King-whose-head-was-preserved-in-a-jar-in-a-laboratory-847618 |url-status=live }}

| File:John Wilkes Booth CDV by Black & Case.jpg
{{center|{{sortname|John Wilkes|Booth}}}}

| {{center|National Museum of Health and Medicine}}

|
{{center|Vertebrae}}

| John Wilkes Booth, the assassin of Abraham Lincoln, died in 1865. Following an autopsy, three of his cervical vertebrae were retained by the US Army. The remainder of his body was buried in Green Mount Cemetery in Baltimore. The vertebrae are kept at the National Museum of Health and Medicine. A 2013 request to conduct a test on the vertebrae comparing Booth's DNA to that of his brother Edwin was rejected by the U.S. Army Medical Command, which cited "the need to preserve these bones for future generations".{{cite news |last1=Colimore |first1=Edward |title=Booth mystery must remain so – for now |url=https://www.inquirer.com/philly/news/20130330_Booth_mystery_must_remain_so_-_for_now.html |work=The Philadelphia Inquirer |date=30 March 2013 |language=en |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=30 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530082034/https://www.inquirer.com/philly/news/20130330_Booth_mystery_must_remain_so_-_for_now.html |url-status=live }}{{cite news |title=Outliers: Bones of contention key to John Wilkes Booth mystery |url=https://www.modernhealthcare.com/article/20130817/MAGAZINE/308179967/outliers-bones-of-contention-key-to-john-wilkes-booth-mystery |work=Modern Healthcare |date=17 August 2013 |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=29 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529061601/https://www.modernhealthcare.com/article/20130817/MAGAZINE/308179967/outliers-bones-of-contention-key-to-john-wilkes-booth-mystery |url-status=live }}

| File:Paul Broca by Pierre Petit.png
{{center|{{sortname|Paul|Broca}}}}

| {{center|Musée de l'Homme}}

|
{{center|Brain}}

| The French anatomist Paul Broca, for whom Broca's area in the frontal lobe of the brain is named, died in 1880. His own brain became part of the collection of brains held by the Musée de l'Homme. Carl Sagan wrote about holding the brain in his hands in his 1979 book Broca's Brain. The brain is kept in a low cylindrical bottle, fragmented, and preserved in formalin.{{cite journal |last1=Wright |first1=James R |title=Broca's legacy: fame not shame |journal=Brain |date=30 June 2022 |volume=145 |issue=6 |pages=e59–e60 |doi=10.1093/brain/awac131 |url=https://academic.oup.com/brain/article/145/6/e59/6564138?login=false |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=30 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530090743/https://academic.oup.com/brain/article/145/6/e59/6564138?login=false |url-status=live }}{{cite book |last1=Sagan |first1=Carl |title=Broca's Brain |date=1979 |isbn=0-394-50169-1 |page=28}}

| File:Snow Buddha (4202759031).jpg
{{center|Buddha}}

| File:SL Kandy asv2020-01 img35 Sacred Tooth Temple.jpg
{{center|Relic of the tooth of the Buddha at the Sacred Tooth Temple
Sri Lanka}}

|
{{center|Teeth}}

| Siddhartha Gautama died in the 5th century BCE and was cremated. As of 2024, 32 museums and temples claim to hold one or more teeth of the Buddha. A tooth is venerated as a cetiya relic in Sri Lanka, at the Relic of the tooth of the Buddha in the Temple of the Tooth. Another tooth is kept at the Buddha Tooth Relic Temple and Museum in Singapore.{{cite journal |last1=Cheng |first1=Feng-Chou |last2=Chiang |first2=Chun-Pin |title=The tooth relic of the Buddha: The viewpoint from paleodontology and modern dentistry |journal=Journal of Dental Sciences |date=January 2024 |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=729–731 |doi=10.1016/j.jds.2023.10.017 |pmid=38303805 |pmc=10829713 }}

| File:William Burke.jpg
{{center|William Burke}}

| {{center|Various locations}}

| {{center|Skin}}

| Serial killer William Burke of the Burke and Hare murders would smother his victims and then sell their bodies to an anatomist. Following his execution in 1829, he was publicly dissected. His skin was said to have been tanned and sold as a souvenir at a shilling per inch, then made into wallets and tobacco pouches. His skeleton is in the University of Edinburgh's Anatomy Museum.{{cite book |last1=Quigley |first1=Christine |title=The Corpse: A History |date=2015 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-1-4766-1377-2 |page=295 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pSjTAAAAQBAJ&dq=%22william%20burke%22%20skin&pg=PA295 |language=en |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=30 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530090642/https://www.google.com.ar/books/edition/The_Corpse/pSjTAAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22william%20burke%22%20skin&pg=PA295&printsec=frontcover |url-status=live }}

| File:Св Екатерина сиенская Ораторио Санта Катерина Neroccio.jpg
{{center|Catherine of Siena}}

| {{center|Basilica of San Domenico, Siena}}

| {{center|Head}}

| Catherine died in 1380. The following year, Pope Urban VI ordered that her head be removed from her body and given to the people of Siena. It was kept in a cupboard for four years before being displayed in the center of the chapel of the Basilica of San Domenico. Her finger is also kept in the Basilica alongside the cords she used to discipline herself.{{cite web |title=The relics of St Catherine – Visit Siena Official |url=https://visitsienaofficial.it/en/the-relics-of-st-catherine/ |publisher=Municipality of Siena |date=23 June 2022 |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=2 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202051426/https://visitsienaofficial.it/en/the-relics-of-st-catherine/ |url-status=live }}

| File:Frederic Chopin photo.jpeg{{center|{{sortname|Frédéric|Chopin}}}}

| {{center|Holy Cross Church}}

|
{{center|Heart}}

| Polish composer Frédéric Chopin died in 1849 at the age of 39. His heart was removed from his corpse, immersed in alcohol, and smuggled into Poland by his sister.{{cite magazine |last1=Ross |first1=Alex |authorlink=Alex Ross (music critic) |title=Chopin's Heart |url=https://www.newyorker.com/culture/culture-desk/chopins-heart |magazine=The New Yorker |date=5 February 2014 |access-date=27 December 2023 |archive-date=3 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103065624/https://www.newyorker.com/culture/culture-desk/chopins-heart |url-status=live }} It was given to Warsaw's Holy Cross Church and lay in the catacombs for years, until a journalist discovered it and it was transferred to the upper part of the church in 1879. During World War II, Nazis took possession of his heart, which was kept by the SS. It was returned and hidden in Milanowek, before being transferred back to the Holy Cross Church in a grand procession. It is interred in a pillar in the church in Warsaw.{{cite book |last1=Pettyn |first1=Andrzej |title=Chopin w Milanówku: Rok Chopinowski 2010 |date=2010 |publisher=Arkuszowa Drukarnia Offsetowa |location=Grodzisk Maz |isbn=978-83-926807-8-9 |url=http://milanowek.home.pl/pliki/2154/andrzej_pettyn_chopin.pdf |language=pl |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=30 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530083458/http://milanowek.home.pl/pliki/2154/andrzej_pettyn_chopin.pdf |url-status=live }}

| {{center|Harriet Cole}}

| {{center|Drexel University College of Medicine}}

|
{{center|Nervous system}}

| In 1888, anatomist Rufus B. Weaver of the Hahnemann Medical College extracted and mounted a complete cerebrospinal nervous system. The nervous system is thought to belong to Harriet Cole, a black woman who was a custodian at the college and died of tuberculosis at around the age of 35.{{cite web |last1=McNaughton |first1=Alaina |title=Dissecting Harriet Cole: Uncovering Women's History in the Archives |url=https://drexel.edu/legacy-center/blog/overview/2018/november/dissecting-harriet-cole-uncovering-womens-history-in-the-archives/ |publisher=Drexel University |language=en |date=20 November 2018 |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=24 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230924095427/https://drexel.edu/legacy-center/blog/overview/2018/november/dissecting-harriet-cole-uncovering-womens-history-in-the-archives/ |url-status=live }} Weaver spent five months dissecting her body, wrapping the nerves in gauze before coating the strands with white paint and shellack. The finished nervous system was exhibited at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago where it received the blue-ribbon Premium Scientific Award.{{cite web |title=The Nervous System of 'Harriet Cole' |url=https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/the-nervous-system-of-harriet-cole-philadelphia-pennsylvania |website=Atlas Obscura |language=en |date=March 6, 2018 |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=2 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230402112943/https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/the-nervous-system-of-harriet-cole-philadelphia-pennsylvania |url-status=live }}

| File:Oliver Cromwell.jpg
{{center|{{sortname|Oliver|Cromwell}}}}

| {{center|Sidney Sussex College}}

| {{center|Head}}

| Oliver Cromwell died in 1658. Charles II had Cromwell's body disinterred, hung and decapitated in 1661. The head was impaled on a pole at Westminster Hall until 1684. It was lost for years before being sold to Claudius Du Puy, who had a "museum of freaks and curiosities".{{cite news |last1=Smyth |first1=David |title=Is That Really Oliver Cromwell's Head? Well . . . |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1996-08-11-mn-33204-story.htmlv |work=Los Angeles Times |date=11 August 1996 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200811044751/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1996-08-11-mn-33204-story.html |archive-date=11 August 2020}} The head passed to various private collectors and museums until 1960, when it was buried at Sidney Sussex College in Cambridge.{{cite book |last1=Fitzgibbons |first1=Jonathan |title=Cromwell's head |date=2008 |publisher=National Archives |location=Kew |isbn=978-1-905615-38-4 |page=96}}

| File:Isaac Neff Ebey 1818 1857.jpg
{{center|{{sortname|Isaac|Ebey}}}}

| {{center|Lost}}

| {{center|Scalp}}

| In 1857, Native Americans killed Isaac Ebey and cut off his head. His scalp, including the attached hair and ears, was separated from his skull. Captain Charles Dodd recovered the scalp, trading "six blankets, 3 pipes, 1 cotton handkerchief, 6 heads of tobacco, 1 fthm. cotton," for it.{{cite web |url=http://www.sunnysidecemetery.org/history/ebey_family.html |title=The Ebey Family|access-date=2010-05-12 |publisher=Island County Cemetery District #2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726073242/https://www.sunnysidecemetery.org/history/ebey_family.html |archive-date=2011-07-26}} The scalp was returned to Port Townsend and Isaac's brother. It remained in the Ebey family until the early 20th century. There is no record of the scalp after 1914.{{cite news |title=Historian fails in scalp hunt |url=https://www.whidbeynewstimes.com/news/historian-fails-in-scalp-hunt/ |work=Whidbey News-Times |date=24 May 2003 |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=9 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209123436/https://www.whidbeynewstimes.com/news/historian-fails-in-scalp-hunt/ |url-status=live }}

| File:Portrait of Thomas Edison. (409fa731e3364ed99012ccedfdce3e28).jpg
{{center|Thomas Edison}}

| {{center|The Henry Ford}}

| {{center|Breath}}

| A test tube purporting to hold Thomas Edison's last breath is in The Henry Ford museum near Detroit. Henry Ford reportedly convinced Edison's son Charles to seal a test tube of air in the inventor's room shortly after his death, as a memento.[http://www.straightdope.com/classics/a2_128a.html "Is Thomas Edison's last breath preserved in a test tube in the Henry Ford Museum?"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930180626/http://www.straightdope.com/classics/a2_128a.html |date=September 30, 2007 }}, The Straight Dope, September 11, 1987. Retrieved August 20, 2007. Charles wrote in 1953 that there were eight empty test tubes in the room near Edison when he was dying. He had the physician seal them with paraffin. The director of the Edison and Ford Winter Estates indicated in 1999 that they held 42 test tubes all supposedly holding Edison's last breath.{{cite journal |last1=Palmer |first1=William |title=Edison's Last Breath |journal=Exquisite Corpse |issue=62 |url=http://www.corpse.org/archives/issue_1/palmer.html |access-date=28 February 2024 |archive-date=1 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230901031403/http://www.corpse.org/archives/issue_1/palmer.html |url-status=live }}

! scope="rowgroup" rowspan="2" |File:Albert Einstein (Nobel).png
{{center|{{sortname|Albert|Einstein}}}}

| {{center|National Museum of Health and Medicine
Mütter Museum}}

| {{center|Brain}}

| After Albert Einstein died in 1955, his brain was removed during autopsy by Thomas Stoltz Harvey. Harvey dissected the brain into about 240 blocks,{{cite journal |last1=Falk |first1=Dean |last2=Lepore |first2=Frederick E. |last3=Noe |first3=Adrianne |title=The cerebral cortex of Albert Einstein: a description and preliminary analysis of unpublished photographs |journal=Brain |date=April 2013 |volume=136 |issue=4 |pages=1304–1327 |doi=10.1093/brain/aws295 |pmid=23161163 |pmc=3613708 }} keeping some for himself and giving some to other pathologists. Harvey's heirs donated the remaining pieces of Einstein's brain to the National Museum of Health and Medicine in 2010.Falk, Dean, Frederick E. Lepore, and Adrianne Noe (2012), [https://web.archive.org/web/20150120200730/http://brain.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2012/11/14/brain.aws295.abstract?sid=61ec1e5c-7272-420d-a273-68f49981d0b7 "The cerebral cortex of Albert Einstein: a description and preliminary analysis of unpublished photographs"], Brain; 135: 11. The Mütter Museum in Philadelphia acquired 46 pieces of Einstein's brain and exhibited some of them in 2013.{{Cite web|url=https://www.mcall.com/entertainment/arts-theater/mc-xpm-2013-02-02-mc-einstein-mutter-museum-philadelphia-0203-20130202-story.html|title=See Albert Einstein's brain and other matters of medical history at Mutter Museum|first=Diane W. Stoneback, Of The Morning|last=Call|website=mcall.com|date=2 February 2013|access-date=30 May 2024|archive-date=8 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190308004809/http://articles.mcall.com/2013-02-02/entertainment/mc-einstein-mutter-museum-philadelphia-0203-20130202_1_body-parts-display-chang-and-eng|url-status=live}}

| {{center|New York safe deposit box}}

| {{center|Eyes}}

| Einstein's eyes were removed during autopsy and given to his ophthalmologist, Henry Abrams.{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4602913|title=The Long, Strange Journey of Einstein's Brain|date=18 April 2005|website=NPR|access-date=30 May 2024|archive-date=14 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714011830/https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4602913|url-status=live}} They are rumoured to be in a New York safe deposit box.{{cite news |title=Top 10 World Famous Human Body Parts |url=https://listverse.com/2012/12/02/top-10-world-famous-human-body-parts/ |work=Listverse |date=2 December 2012 |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=30 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530083453/https://listverse.com/2012/12/02/top-10-world-famous-human-body-parts/ |url-status=live }}

| File:Galileo-sustermans4.jpg
{{center|{{sortname|Galileo|Galilei}}}}

| {{center|Museo Galileo}}

| {{center|Middle finger}}

| Galileo's corpse was disinterred 95 years after his death. His remains were transferred to a mausoleum at the Basilica di Santa Croce in Florence. Antiquarian Anton Francesco Gori, anatomist Antonio Cocchi, and Italian marquis Vincenzio Capponi removed the middle finger of Galileo's right hand as well as one of his vertebrae, an index finger, a thumb, and a tooth. The middle finger is displayed at the Museo Galileo.{{cite book |last1=Gordon |first1=Bonnie |title=Voice Machines: The Castrato, the Cat Piano, and Other Strange Sounds |chapter=Organoscope: Telescoping Sound |date=2023 |pages=98–112 |doi=10.7208/chicago/9780226825151.001.0001 |isbn=978-0-226-82514-4 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RPy6EAAAQBAJ&dq=galileo+%22unconsecrated+box+beneath+the+bell+tower+in+Santa+Croce%22&pg=PA99 |access-date=6 May 2024 |archive-date=6 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240506225658/https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=RPy6EAAAQBAJ&lpg=PA99&ots=piABCVXNjr&dq=galileo%20%22unconsecrated%20box%20beneath%20the%20bell%20tower%20in%20Santa%20Croce%22&pg=PA99#v=onepage&q=galileo%20%22unconsecrated%20box%20beneath%20the%20bell%20tower%20in%20Santa%20Croce%22&f=false |url-status=live }}{{cite news |title=Galileo's fingers to be displayed in Florence science museum |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2010/jun/08/galileo-fingers-museum-florence |work=The Guardian |agency=AP |date=8 June 2010 |access-date=6 May 2024 |archive-date=19 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240419172537/https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2010/jun/08/galileo-fingers-museum-florence |url-status=live }}

| File:James Abram Garfield, photo portrait seated.jpg
{{center|{{sortname|James A.|Garfield}}}}

| {{center|National Museum of Health and Medicine}}

| {{center|Vertebrae}}

| US president James A. Garfield was shot twice by Charles Guiteau in 1881, with the second bullet striking his vertebrae.{{cite news |last1=Markel |first1=Howard |title=The dirty, painful death of President James A. Garfield |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/health/dirty-painful-death-president-james-garfield |work=PBS NewsHour |date=16 September 2016 |language=en-us |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=17 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240417214729/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/health/dirty-painful-death-president-james-garfield |url-status=live }} Physicians were unable to locate the bullet, even with the help of an early metal detector of Alexander Graham Bell.{{cite journal |last1=Weiner |first1=Bradley K. |title=The Case Of James A. Garfield: A Historical Perspective |journal=Spine |date=May 2003 |volume=28 |issue=10 |pages=E183–E186 |doi=10.1097/01.BRS.0000062002.52586.04}} Garfield's vertebrae were exhibited by the National Museum of Health and Medicine in 2000.{{cite news |last1=Glass |first1=Andrew |title=Garfield's spinal column placed on display for last time, May 21, 2000 |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2010/05/garfields-spinal-column-placed-on-display-for-last-time-may-21-2000-037574 |work=Politico |date=21 May 2010 |language=en}}

| File:Carl Friedrich Gauss.jpg{{center|Carl Gauss}}

| {{center|University Medical Center Göttingen}}

| {{center|Brain}}

| Following Carl Gauss's death in 1855, his brain was removed and studied by Rudolf Wagner.{{cite news |last1=Hendricks |first1=Scotty |title=4 geniuses whose brains were studied by science—and what they reveal |url=https://bigthink.com/neuropsych/4-geniuses-who-have-had-their-brains-studied-by-science/ |work=Big Think |date=20 November 2017 |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=4 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240404003004/https://bigthink.com/neuropsych/4-geniuses-who-have-had-their-brains-studied-by-science/ |url-status=live }} In 2013 it was discovered that his brain had been switched with that of Conrad Heinrich Fuchs, who died the same year as Gauss. The brains are kept by the Institute of Ethics and History of Medicine at the University Medical Center Göttingen.{{cite web |title=Unravelling the true identity of the brain of Carl Friedrich Gauss |url=https://www.mpg.de/7589532/carl-friedrich-gauss-brain |publisher=Max-Planck-Gesellschaft |language=en |date=29 October 2013 |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=5 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005033417/https://www.mpg.de/7589532/carl-friedrich-gauss-brain |url-status=live }}

| File:GeronimoRinehart.jpg
{{center|Geronimo}}

| {{center|Disputed}}

| {{center|Skull}}

| Apache leader Geronimo died in 1909 at Fort Sill, Oklahoma, where he was buried. His skull was allegedly stolen by members of the Yale secret society Skull and Bones. A 1918 correspondence between two Skull and Bones members refers to the theft.{{cite news |last1=Orson |first1=Diane |title=Mystery Of The Bones: Geronimo's Missing Skull |url=https://www.npr.org/2009/03/09/101626709/mystery-of-the-bones-geronimos-missing-skull |work=NPR |date=9 March 2009 |quote=The skull of the worthy Geronimo the Terrible exhumed from its tomb at Fort Sill by your club and the Knight Haffner is now safe inside the Tomb, together with his well-worn femurs, bit and saddle horn. |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=25 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240125233420/https://www.npr.org/2009/03/09/101626709/mystery-of-the-bones-geronimos-missing-skull |url-status=live }} Descendents of Geronimo sued Yale University and Skull and Bones for the recovery of the remains. A federal judge dismissed the lawsuit.{{cite news |title=Judge dismisses lawsuit against Yale's Skull and Bones over Geronimo's remains |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/judge-dismisses-lawsuit-against-yales-skull-and-bones-over-geronimos-remains/ |work=The Seattle Times |date=10 August 2010 |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=4 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104002656/https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/judge-dismisses-lawsuit-against-yales-skull-and-bones-over-geronimos-remains/ |url-status=live }}

! scope="rowgroup" rowspan="2" | File:Che Guevara Diplomatic Picture.jpg
{{center|{{sortname|Che|Guevara}}}}

| {{center|Collection of Bill Butler}}

| {{center|Hair}}

| A lock of Guevara's hair appeared at auction in 2007. It was purchased by Texas bookstore owner Bill Burton for $100,000.{{cite news |last1=Lacey |first1=Marc |title=Che Guevara's hair among items sold for $100,000 |url=https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Che-Guevara-s-hair-among-items-sold-for-100-000-3301906.php |work=San Francisco Chronicle |date=27 October 2007 |language=en}}

| {{center|Lost}}

| {{center|Hand}}

| After Che Guevara was executed by US-trained Bolivian soldiers in 1967, his hands were cut off under orders from a CIA operative. Argentine law enforcement officials conducted a fingerprint analysis of the hands that was sent to Washington, DC.{{cite web |last1=Kornbluh |first1=Peter |title=The Death of Che Guevara: U.S. declassified documents |url=https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB5/ |website=National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. 5 |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=30 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530090703/https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB5/ |url-status=live }} Guevara's body was discovered in Villegrande, Bolivia, in 1997, without his hands.{{cite news |last1=Kornbluh |first1=Peter |title=The Death of Che Guevara Declassified |url=https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/the-death-of-che-guevara-declassified/ |work=The Nation |date=10 October 2017 |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=24 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240124210114/https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/the-death-of-che-guevara-declassified/ |url-status=live }} His hands are rumored to have been taken to Cuba.{{cite news |last1=Garza |first1=Laura |title=Bolivian General Reveals Che Guevara's Burial Site |url=https://www.themilitant.com/1995/5947/5947_9.html |work=The Militant |date=18 December 1995 |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=18 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018024033/https://www.themilitant.com/1995/5947/5947_9.html |url-status=live }} The search for his hands is the subject of the 2005 documentary film The Hands of Che Guevara.{{cite news |title=Revolutionary road: on the trail of Che Guevara's last days in Bolivia |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/travel/revolutionary-road-on-the-trail-of-che-guevaras-last-days-in-bolivia |work=The Straits Times |date=2 October 2017 |language=en |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=11 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111205831/https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/travel/revolutionary-road-on-the-trail-of-che-guevaras-last-days-in-bolivia |url-status=live }}

| File:Charles J Guiteau.jpg
{{center|{{sortname|Charles J.|Guiteau}}}}

| Mütter Museum

| {{center|Brain}}

| After Charles Guiteau was hanged for assassinating U.S. president James A. Garfield, he was autopsied and buried. His remains were disinterred and sent to the National Museum of Health and Medicine in Maryland, which preserved his brain, spleen, and skeleton before placing them in storage.{{cite book|first=Stephen G.|last=Yanoff|title=The Second Mourning: The Untold Story of America's Most Bizarre Political Murder|location=Bloomington, Indiana|isbn=978-1491899908|page=398|date=April 2014}} Parts of Guiteau's brain are on display in a jar at the Mütter Museum in Philadelphia.{{cite web|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/10/this-is-the-brain-that-shot-president-james-garfield/454212/|title=This Is the Brain that Shot President James Garfield|first=Brian|last=Resnick|work=The Atlantic|date=October 4, 2015|access-date=August 16, 2017|archive-date=27 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227093241/https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/10/this-is-the-brain-that-shot-president-james-garfield/454212/|url-status=live}}

| File:Mata Hari in 1917.jpg
{{center|{{sortname|Mata|Hari}}}}

| {{center|Lost}}

| {{center|Head}}

| After the spy Mata Hari was executed by firing squad, her head was removed, embalmed, and sent to the Museum of Anatomy in Paris. In 2000, archivists discovered that it had disappeared, possibly as early as 1954, during the museum's relocation.{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Rq2dCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA200 |last1=Donald |first1=Graeme |last2=Wiest |first2=Andrew |last3=Shepherd |first3=William |year=2013 |title=Sticklers, Sideburns and Bikinis: The military origins of everyday words and phrases |place=London |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1846033001 |page=200 |access-date=26 January 2017 |archive-date=5 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405083449/https://books.google.com/books?id=Rq2dCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA200 |url-status=live }} Her head remains missing.{{cite news |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/keith-thomson/for-sale-beethovens-skull_b_427015.html |title=For Sale: Beethoven's Skull |first=Keith |last=Thomson |date=20 March 2010 |work=HuffPost |access-date=26 January 2017 |archive-date=2 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202034340/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/keith-thomson/for-sale-beethovens-skull_b_427015.html |url-status=live }}{{cite web |url=https://strangeremains.com/2015/07/23/the-heads-of-these-5-people-were-stolen-from-their-graves/ |title=5 historical figures whose heads have been stolen |work=Strange Remains |date=23 July 2015 |access-date=26 January 2017 |archive-date=22 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222005508/https://strangeremains.com/2015/07/23/the-heads-of-these-5-people-were-stolen-from-their-graves/ |url-status=live }}

| File:Joseph Haydn.jpg
{{center|{{sortname|Joseph|Haydn}}}}

| {{center|Bergkirche}}

| {{center|Skull}}

| Days after Joseph Haydn's burial in 1809, his body was disinterred by gravedigger Jakob Demuth. The head was acquired by Joseph Carl Rosenbaum and Johann Nepomuk Peter, who had an interest in phrenology. The skull was bleached and displayed in the home of Peter for a time before passing to Rosenbaum. Haydn's body was exhumed over a decade later under the direction of Nikolaus II, Prince Esterházy, when it was discovered that his head was missing. Rosenbaum and Peter were suspected of the theft, but hid the skull and produced two other skulls that they claimed were Haydn's. The true skull was passed to a physician and a professor before being gifted to Vienna's Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde (Society of the Friends of Music) in 1895. The skull was reunited with Haydn's body at a tomb in the Bergkirche in Eisenstadt in 1932. It shares the tomb with another substitute skull.{{cite book |last1=Landon |first1=Else Radant |title=Oxford Composer Companions: Haydn |date=2009 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |pages=152–153 |chapter=Haydn's skull}}{{cite magazine |title=Haydn's Skull Is Returned |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZFMEAAAAMBAJ&dq=%22joseph+haydn%22+skull&pg=PA51 |magazine=Life |date=28 June 1954 |pages=51–54 |language=en |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=30 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530083540/https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=ZFMEAAAAMBAJ&lpg=PA51&dq=%22joseph%20haydn%22%20skull&pg=PA51#v=onepage&q=%22joseph%20haydn%22%20skull&f=false |url-status=live }}

| File:Peter Paul Rubens - St James the Apostle - WGA20192.jpg
{{center|James the Great}}

| St Peter's Church, Marlow

| {{center|Hand}}

| A hand that is purported to belong to St James the Apostle was brought to England by Empress Matilda in the 12th century.{{cite book|author=Simon Yarrow|title=Saints and their Communities: Miracle Stories in Twelfth-Century England: Miracle Stories in Twelfth-Century England|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JbH5FjABh1YC|date=23 February 2006|publisher=Clarendon Press|isbn=978-0-19-151579-8|access-date=30 May 2024|archive-date=30 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530083455/https://books.google.com/books?id=JbH5FjABh1YC|url-status=live}} In 1539 at the Dissolution of the Monasteries, English monks hid the hand in an iron chest in the walls of Reading Abbey. It was dug up again in 1786 by workmen and given to Reading Museum. In 1840 it was sold to J. Scott Murray, who put it in his private chapel at Danesfield House. On his death in 1882 he gave it to St. Peter's Church in Great Marlow (now Marlow).[http://livingthehistoryelizabethchadwick.blogspot.com/2013/02/todays-research-snippet-empress-matilda.html Living the History: Empress Matilda and the Hand of St. James] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130064428/https://livingthehistoryelizabethchadwick.blogspot.com/2013/02/todays-research-snippet-empress-matilda.html |date=30 November 2023 }}, accessed September 2017

| File:Portrait of King Henry IV of France (by Frans Pourbus the Younger).jpg
{{center|Henry IV}}

|Disputed

| {{center|Head}}

| After Henry IV's assassination in 1610, he was interred at the chapel at Saint-Denis. A mob later ransacked the chapel and a head, purportedly that of the late king, was taken and passed through the hands of several collectors. Later research cast doubt on the identification of the head's owner.{{cite news |title=New research robs French king Henry IV of his head |url=https://nieuws.kuleuven.be/en/content/2013/new-research-robs-henry-iv-of-head |access-date=11 December 2023 |work=Ku Leuven |language=en |archive-date=14 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314144052/https://nieuws.kuleuven.be/en/content/2013/new-research-robs-henry-iv-of-head |url-status=live }}{{cite journal |last1=Larmuseau |first1=Maarten H. D. |last2=Delorme |first2=Philippe |last3=Germain |first3=Patrick |last4=Vanderheyden |first4=Nancy |last5=Gilissen |first5=Anja |last6=Van Geystelen |first6=Anneleen |last7=Cassiman |first7=Jean-Jacques |last8=Decorte |first8=Ronny |title=Genetic genealogy reveals true Y haplogroup of House of Bourbon contradicting recent identification of the presumed remains of two French Kings |journal=European Journal of Human Genetics |date=May 2014 |volume=22 |issue=5 |pages=681–687 |doi=10.1038/ejhg.2013.211 |pmid=24105374 |language=en |issn=1476-5438 |pmc=3992573 }}

! scope="rowgroup" rowspan="2" | File:Adolf Hitler 1936 (foto carnet).jpg
{{center|{{sortname|Adolf|Hitler}}}}

| {{center|Destroyed}}

| {{center|Testicle}}

| Adolf Hitler was rumoured to have one testicle, inspiring the song "Hitler Has Only Got One Ball". Medical records indicate that he may have had an undescended right testicle (cryptorchidism).{{cite news |title=Hitler really did have only one testicle, German researcher claims |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/dec/19/hitler-really-did-have-only-one-testicle-german-researcher-claims |work=The Guardian |date=19 December 2015 |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=17 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617102537/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/dec/19/hitler-really-did-have-only-one-testicle-german-researcher-claims |url-status=live }} Hitler was also thought to have had hypospadias.{{cite news |last1=Tharoor |first1=Ishaan |title=All right, let's talk about Hitler's penis |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2016/02/23/all-right-lets-talk-about-hitlers-penis/ |newspaper=Washington Post |date=1 December 2021 |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=2 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202124424/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2016/02/23/all-right-lets-talk-about-hitlers-penis/ |url-status=live }}

| {{center|Russian state archives}}

| {{center|Jawbone}}

| After Hitler killed himself, his body was burned. Soviet soldiers discovered the remains of his charred body in a bomb crater. A part of his skull and a portion of his jawbone were taken to Moscow and were stored in the state archives. A team of French pathologists confirmed the authenticity of the jawbone in 2017.{{cite news |last=Daley |first=Jason |title=Hitler's Teeth Confirm He Died in 1945 |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/hitlers-teeth-confirm-he-died-1945-180969133/ |work=Smithsonian Magazine |date=22 May 2018 |language=en |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=19 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210619203218/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/hitlers-teeth-confirm-he-died-1945-180969133/ |url-status=live }}{{cite news |last1=Chase |first1=Jefferson |title=Teeth test dispels myths of Hitler's survival – DW – 05/20/2018 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/hitler-teeth-test-dispels-myths-of-nazi-leaders-survival/a-43861719 |work=DW |date=20 May 2018 |language=en |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=2 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502073832/https://www.dw.com/en/hitler-teeth-test-dispels-myths-of-nazi-leaders-survival/a-43861719 |url-status=live }}

| File:Saddam Hussein at trial, July 2004.JPEG
{{center|{{sortname|Saddam|Hussein}}}}

| {{center|Umm al-Qura Mosque}}

| {{center|Blood}}

| In 1997, Saddam Hussein commissioned a manuscript of the Quran to be written using his blood. The manuscript, known as the Blood Quran, was displayed at the Umm al-Qura Mosque{{cite web|last=Smucker |first=Philip |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/1335735/Iraq-builds-Mother-of-all-Battles-mosque-in-praise-of-Saddam.html |title=Iraq builds 'Mother of all Battles' mosque in praise of Saddam |publisher=Telegraph |date=2001-07-29 |accessdate=2013-05-02}} but condemned by religious authorities in the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia.{{Cite web |title=Emirate official: Saddam's writing of the Quran with his blood is prohibited |url=http://www.arabicnews.com/ansub/Daily/Day/000926/2000092622.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070127101131/http://www.arabicnews.com/ansub/Daily/Day/000926/2000092622.html |archive-date=2007-01-27 |access-date=2025-01-02 |website=www.arabicnews.com |language=en}} There has been doubt as to whether all of the blood really belonged to Saddam Hussein, as the manuscript used 27 liters of blood, supposedly taken from Hussein in a two-year period, which could have caused serious health complications.{{cite web|url=http://www.livescience.com/culture/blood-quran-controversy-taboo-101221.html |title=Bio-Art: 'Blood Quran' Causes Controversy |publisher=LiveScience |date=2010-12-21 |accessdate=2013-05-02}} After Hussein's fall from power, the Quran was removed from display and put into the mosque's basement for safekeeping.{{Cite web |date=2025-01-01 |title=Saddam Hussein's Blood Quran |url=https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/saddam-husseins-blood-quran |access-date=2025-01-02 |website=Atlas Obscura |language=en}}

| File:Stonewall Jackson by Routzahn, 1862.png
{{center|{{sortname|Stonewall|Jackson}}}}

| {{center|Ellwood Manor}}

| {{center|Arm}}

| After being accidentally shot by his own troops, Stonewall Jackson's left arm was amputated. It was buried in a cemetery at Ellwood Manor. Union soldiers were said to have dug up the arm and reburied it in 1864. A marker reading "Arm of Stonewall Jackson May 3, 1863." was erected for the arm in 1903.{{cite news |last1=Martinez |first1=Ramona |title=The Curious Fate Of Stonewall Jackson's Arm |url=https://www.npr.org/2012/06/28/155804965/the-curious-fate-of-stonewall-jacksons-arm |work=NPR |date=28 June 2012 |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=12 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240512220323/https://www.npr.org/2012/06/28/155804965/the-curious-fate-of-stonewall-jacksons-arm |url-status=live }}

| File:San Gennaro, Francesco Solimena, 1702.jpg
{{center|Januarius}}

| {{center|Naples Cathedral}}

| {{center|Blood}}

| Ampoules that are said to contain the blood of Januarius are kept in a bank vault in Naples. During the Feast of San Gennaro, and two other times during the year, the ampoules are removed, when the blood is said to sometimes miraculously liquify. The blood is displayed at Naples Cathedral for veneration following the feast day.{{cite news |last1=Brockhaus |first1=Hannah |title=Blood of St. Januarius 'completely liquefied' on feast day |url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/255410/blood-of-st-januarius-completely-liquefied-on-feast-day |work=Catholic News Agency |date=19 September 2023 |language=en |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=28 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228055555/https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/255410/blood-of-st-januarius-completely-liquefied-on-feast-day |url-status=live }}

| File:Spas vsederzhitel sinay (cropped1).jpg
{{center|Jesus}}

| {{center|Disputed}}

| {{center|Foreskin}}

| Jesus is presumed to have been circumcised in accordance with Jewish law. A number of churches have claimed to have his foreskin or "holy prepuce". During the Middle Ages, anywhere from eight to 18 European towns claimed to possess the holy foreskin. The Italian village of Calcata claimed to possess the foreskin from 1557. An annual procession featuring the relic ended in 1983 when the foreskin was stolen.{{cite news |last1=Farley |first1=David |title=Fore Shame |url=http://www.slate.com/id/2155745/sidebar/2155753/ |work=Slate |date=19 December 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070104151019/http://www.slate.com/id/2155745/sidebar/2155753/ |archive-date=4 January 2007}}

| File:JenkinsEar.jpg
{{center|{{sortname|Robert|Jenkins|Robert Jenkins (master mariner)}}}}

| {{center|Lost}}

| {{center|Ear}}

| In April 1731, the ship of Robert Jenkins was searched for contraband by Spanish coast guards. Part of his left ear was allegedly severed by a cutlass. Jenkins kept the ear in a box for eight years. The following War of Jenkins' Ear was named for the ear.Haga, Andrea K. Brinton [http://dspace.uta.edu/bitstream/handle/10106/1771/Haga_uta_2502D_10358.pdf?sequence=1 Shaping British Identity: Transatlantic Anglo-Spanish Rivalry in the Early Modern Period] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720111725/http://dspace.uta.edu/bitstream/handle/10106/1771/Haga_uta_2502D_10358.pdf?sequence=1 |date=20 July 2011 }}, PhD dissertation, University of Texas at Arlington (August 2009) (accessed 15 May 2010), pp.152–153. Haga cites source as The Universal Spectator and Weekly Journal, No. CXLI, 19 June 1731.

| File:St. John the Baptist (Dimetrov).jpg
{{center|John the Baptist}}

| {{center|Disputed}}

| {{center|Head}}

| John the Baptist was beheaded according to Christian tradition. Multiple churches and a mosque claim to be in possession of the head. The Amiens Cathedral in France as well as San Silvestro in Capite claim to house the head. The Umayyad Mosque in Damascus claims to have the head in a shrine. The Residenz Museum in Munich claims to hold the head in a reliquary.{{cite news |last1=Sartore |first1=Melissa |title=Why are there four heads of John the Baptist? |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/premium/article/john-the-baptist-four-heads-relics |work=National Geographic |date=12 September 2023 |language=en |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=22 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322165026/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/premium/article/john-the-baptist-four-heads-relics |url-status=live }}

| File:John F. Kennedy, 35th President of the United States. (5278792319).jpg
{{center|{{sortname|John F.|Kennedy}}}}

| {{center|Lost}}

| {{center|Brain}}

| During the autopsy of John F. Kennedy his brain was removed and preserved in formaldehyde. The right hemisphere was macerated due to the bullet that went through it. The brain was stored with the National Archives, but was found to be missing in 1966.{{cite news |last1=Saner |first1=Emine |title=The president's brain is missing and other mysteriously mislaid body parts |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/shortcuts/2013/oct/21/presidents-brain-missing-mislaid-body-parts |work=The Guardian |date=21 October 2013 |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=20 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120215021/https://www.theguardian.com/world/shortcuts/2013/oct/21/presidents-brain-missing-mislaid-body-parts |url-status=live }}

| {{center|{{sortname|Grover|Krantz}}

| {{center|National Museum of Natural History}}

| {{center|Bones}}

| Following his death, anthropologist and Bigfoot scholar Grover Krantz bequeathed his body to the Smithsonian on the condition that his pet Irish Wolfhounds be kept with his remains. His body was shipped to the body farm at the University of Tennessee Anthropological Research Facility and later went to the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History. His skeleton was re-articulated in 2009 and put on display in the museum's Written in Bone: Forensic Files of the 17th Century Chesapeake exhibition along with the skeleton of his dog Clyde.{{cite news |last=Caputo |first=Joseph |title=Grover Krantz Donated His Body to Science, On One Condition... |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/grover-krantz-donated-his-body-to-science-on-one-condition-38726179/ |work=Smithsonian Magazine |date=11 February 2009 |language=en |archive-date=8 July 2024 |access-date=8 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708183910/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/grover-krantz-donated-his-body-to-science-on-one-condition-38726179/ |url-status=live }}

| File:William Lanne.jpg{{center|{{sort name|William|Lanne}}}}

| {{center|Unknown}}

| {{center|Scrotum}}

| After the Aboriginal Tasmanian man William Lanne ("King Billy") died in 1869, his scrotum was removed and tailored into a tobacco pouch. His head was sent to London's Royal College of Surgeons.{{cite book |last1=Chacon |first1=Richard J. |last2=Dye |first2=David H. |title=The Taking and Displaying of Human Body Parts as Trophies by Amerindians |date=2007 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=978-0-387-48303-0 |page=26 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=REaoEPOLBF0C&pg=PA26 |language=en |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=30 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530083516/https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=REaoEPOLBF0C&lpg=PA33&pg=PA26#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}

| File:Vladimir Lenin.jpg
{{center|{{sortname|Vladimir|Lenin}}}}

| {{center|Russian state archives}}

| {{center|Brain}}

| Lenin's brain and other organs were removed prior to his mummification.{{cite journal |last1=Yurchak |first1=Alexei |title=Bodies of Lenin |journal=Representations |date=1 February 2015 |volume=129 |issue=1 |pages=116–157 |doi=10.1525/rep.2015.129.1.116}} It was cut into over 30,000 pieces.{{cite web |title=Lenin's brain in Spiegel Magazine |url=https://brain.mpg.de/444651/lenin-s-brain-in-spiegel-magazine |publisher=Max Planck Institute for Brain Research |language=en |date=24 November 2014 |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=29 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529013203/https://brain.mpg.de/444651/lenin-s-brain-in-spiegel-magazine |url-status=live }} German neurologist and psychiatrist Oskar Vogt conducted an anatomical study of Lenin's brain.{{cite book|author1=I. Klatzo|editor1=T. Kuroiwa|editor2=A. Baethmann|editor3=Z. Czernicki|title=Brain Edema XII: Proceedings of the 12th International Symposium : Hakone, Japan, November 10–13, 2002|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nTV-t8Dqi0sC&pg=PA29|access-date=December 24, 2012|date=January 1, 2004|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-211-00919-2|pages=29–32|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140707024905/http://books.google.com/books?id=nTV-t8Dqi0sC&pg=PA29|archive-date=July 7, 2014|url-status=live}}

| File:Alexander Gardner - Abraham Lincoln - Google Art Project - bw.jpg
{{center|{{sortname|Abraham|Lincoln}}}}

| {{center|National Museum of Health and Medicine}}

| {{center|Skull}}

| Following his assassination, the skull fragments of Abraham Lincoln were preserved after autopsy and were presented as evidence to the Judge Advocate General of the War Department. They are preserved in the National Museum of Health and Medicine.{{cite web |title='His wound is mortal; it is impossible for him to recover' – The Final Hours of President Abraham Lincoln: The Autopsy |url=https://medicalmuseum.health.mil/index.cfm?p=visit.exhibits.current.collection_that_teaches.lincoln.page_03 |publisher=National Museum of Health and Medicine |access-date=8 May 2024}}

| {{center|Louie Linken}}

| {{center|Downtown Hotel
Dawson City, Yukon}}

|
{{center|Toe}}

| According to the legend, in the 1920s the frostbitten and gangrenous big toe of rumrunner Louie Linken was amputated with an ax by his brother Otto. The toe was preserved in alcohol and forgotten until its rediscovery by Captain Dick Stevenson in 1973 who devised a Sourtoe Cocktail Club whose members had imbibed a cocktail containing the toe. The toe was used in the 'Sourtoe cocktail' at the Downtown Hotel in Dawson City, Yukon.{{cite news |last1=Ronson |first1=Jacqueline |title=Science Explains Why Canada's Human Toe Cocktail Is Mostly Safe |url=https://www.inverse.com/article/33192-sourtoe-cocktail-dawson-city-yukon-salt-alcohol-preservation |work=Inverse |date=20 June 2017 |language=en |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=1 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201155815/https://www.inverse.com/article/33192-sourtoe-cocktail-dawson-city-yukon-salt-alcohol-preservation |url-status=live }} At some point, the original toe was replaced. The toes used for the cocktails generally last about five years. As of 2019, 10 distinct toes were being used.{{cite news |last1=Moniuszko |first1=Sara M. |title=A cocktail with a mummified human toe in it?! It exists at this Canadian saloon |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/travel/destinations/2019/11/01/sourtoe-cocktail-drink-human-toe-served-yukon-canada/4081899002/ |work=USA Today |date=1 November 2019 |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=2 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102103724/https://www.usatoday.com/story/travel/destinations/2019/11/01/sourtoe-cocktail-drink-human-toe-served-yukon-canada/4081899002/ |url-status=live }} One of the toes was swallowed by an American in 2013, after which the fine for swallowing the toe was increased from C$500 to C$2500. Another toe, donated by a man who had his surgically removed and brined in salt for six months, was stolen in 2017.{{cite news |last1=Tukker |first1=Paul |title=Human toe stolen from Dawson City bar |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/toe-stolen-yukon-dawson-city-sourtoe-cocktail-1.4168541 |work=CBC News |date=19 June 2017}}

| File:Ranc Jean Louis XIV Fabre museum.jpg
{{center|Louis XIV}}

| {{center|Eaten, made into paint}}

| {{center|Heart}}

| The heart of Louis XIV was removed from his body shortly after he died and kept in a church in Paris. During the French Revolution in 1789, it was stolen by the architect Louis François Petit-Radel. He is said to have sold fragments of the heart to the painters, who ground it up to make the pigment mummy brown. The painters Martin Drolling and Alexandre Pau de Saint-Martin have been rumoured to have used the pigment in their works.{{cite news |last1=Sage |first1=Adam |title=Second-rate artist ground up Louis XIV's heart to make paint |url=https://www.thetimes.com/world/europe/article/second-rate-artist-ground-up-louis-xiv-heart-paint-sun-king-vlw785m0p |date=24 November 2023 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231124211950/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/second-rate-artist-ground-up-louis-xiv-heart-paint-sun-king-vlw785m0p |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live |language=en}} The rest of Louis XIV's heart was mummified. A portion of his mummified heart was kept in a silver locket by the Harcourt family. During a formal dinner in 1848, William Buckland ate the heart.{{cite web |title=William Buckland |url=https://www.westminster-abbey.org/abbey-commemorations/commemorations/william-buckland |website=Westminster Abbey |access-date=9 May 2024 |language=en |archive-date=24 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170724131211/http://www.westminster-abbey.org/our-history/people/william-buckland |url-status=live }}

| File:Wolfgang-amadeus-mozart 1.jpg
{{center|{{sortname|Wolfgang Amadeus|Mozart}}}}

| {{center|International Mozarteum Foundation}}

| {{center|Skull}}

| According to legend, gravedigger Joseph Rothmayer removed Mozart from his unmarked Vienna grave in 1801. The skull, apart from the jawbone, passed to Rothmayer's descendants before coming into the possession of the International Mozarteum Foundation in 1902. Forensic analysis of the skull has been inconclusive, with the skull not matching the DNA of bodies that had been thought to belong to his grandmother and niece.{{cite news |last1=Harding |first1=Luke |title=DNA detectives discover more skeletons in Mozart family closet |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/jan/09/arts.music |work=The Guardian |date=9 January 2006 |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=30 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530091201/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/jan/09/arts.music |url-status=live }}{{cite news |last1=Kole |first1=William J. |title=Mystery of 'Mozart's Skull' Still Unsolved |url=https://www.livescience.com/532-mystery-mozart-skull-unsolved.html |work=Live Science |date=9 January 2006 |language=en |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=4 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004133706/https://www.livescience.com/532-mystery-mozart-skull-unsolved.html |url-status=live }}

| File:Muslim depiction of Muhammad - 17th century Ottoman copy from the "Edinburgh codex".jpg{{center|Muhammad}}

| {{center|Mevlâna mausoleum
Topkapı Palace}}

| {{center|Beard}}

| The Sakal-ı Şerif or beard of Muhammad and the Dendan-ı Saadet, a portion of his tooth, are among the relics of Muhammad that have been exhibited alongside other Sacred Relics in Topkapı Palace in the Chamber of the Holy Relics.{{cite news |last1=Sofuoglu |first1=Murat |title=In Pictures: Holy Relics of Prophet Mohammed exhibited in Topkapi Palace |url=https://www.trtworld.com/magazine/in-pictures-holy-relics-of-prophet-mohammed-exhibited-in-topkapi-palace-27424 |work=TRT |date=12 June 2019 |language=en |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=17 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231217122554/https://www.trtworld.com/magazine/in-pictures-holy-relics-of-prophet-mohammed-exhibited-in-topkapi-palace-27424 |url-status=live }}

| File:JoaquinTheMountainRobber.jpg{{center|Joaquin Murrieta}}

| {{center|Destroyed}}

| {{center|Head}}

| The Mexican "Robin Hood" Joaquin Murrieta was allegedly killed in 1853. While there were rumors that he escaped to Mexico, a severed head purported to belong to Murrieta was pickled in alcohol and presented for a $6000 reward. The head was taken to mining camps where it was exhibited, admission costing $1. It was exhibited for 40 years at Dr. Jordan's San Francisco Museum and was destroyed during the 1906 San Francisco earthquake.{{cite book |last1=Thrapp |first1=Dan L. |title=Encyclopedia of Frontier Biography: G-O |date=1991 |publisher=U of Nebraska Press |isbn=978-0-8032-9419-6 |page=728 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hc35mM0PqSQC&dq=%22Joaquin%20Murrieta%22%20head&pg=PA728 |language=en |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=30 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530091202/https://www.google.com.ar/books/edition/Encyclopedia_of_Frontier_Biography_G_O/hc35mM0PqSQC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22Joaquin%20Murrieta%22%20head&pg=PA728&printsec=frontcover |url-status=live }}

| File:Mussolini mezzobusto (cropped).jpg
{{center|{{sortname|Benito|Mussolini}}}}

| {{center|Destroyed}}

| {{center|Brain}}

| In 1966, Mussolini's brain tissue samples, taken at the autopsy, were returned to his widow by St. Elizabeths psychiatric hospital in Washington DC, where they had been stored since 1945.{{cite book |last=Bosworth |first=R. J. B. |title=Mussolini |date=2014|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=978-1-84966-444-8|page=334}} She placed the samples in a box in the tomb, leading the historian John Foot to comment that "finally, after nineteen years after his execution, Benito Mussolini's mortal and restless remains were back in one place, and in more or less one piece".{{cite journal |last=Foot |first=John |title=The Dead Duce |journal=History Today |volume=49 |issue=8 |date=1999 |url=http://www.historytoday.com/john-foot/dead-duce |access-date=11 November 2014 |archive-date=17 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170317191423/http://www.historytoday.com/john-foot/dead-duce| url-status =live}} In 2009, it was reported that samples of Mussolini's brain and blood, stolen at the time of the autopsy, were offered for sale on eBay for 15,000 euros. eBay removed the listing shortly after it had been posted and no one had been able to bid. The hospital authorities said that all samples from the autopsy were destroyed in 1947.{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/italy/6618547/Mussolinis-brain-stolen-for-sale-on-eBay.html |title=Mussolini's brain 'stolen for sale on eBay' |first=Nick |last=Squires |work=The Daily Telegraph |date=21 November 2009 |access-date=12 November 2014 |archive-date=9 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109032510/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/italy/6618547/Mussolinis-brain-stolen-for-sale-on-eBay.html |url-status=live}}

| File:Napoleon Paul Delaroche (cropped).jpg
{{center|Napoleon}}

| {{center|New Jersey}}

| {{center|Penis}}

| Following his death in 1821, Napoleon's penis was cut off for a keepsake. A priest brought it to Corsica and gave it to his family. It was sold in 1916 to a bookseller from the United Kingdom and again about eight years later to a bookseller from the United States. In 1927 it was displayed at the Museum of French Art as a tendon, where it was described as looking like a "maltreated strip of buckskin shoelace or a shriveled eel". In 1977, it was sold at auction for $3000 to urologist John K. Lattimer. Author Tony Perrottet described it as roughly 1.5 inches in length, looking "like a little baby's finger".{{cite news |last1=Gutoskey |first1=Ellen |title=The Strange Stories Behind 10 Historical Body Parts |url=https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/650183/body-parts-historical-figures |work=Mental Floss |date=14 September 2021 |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=29 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231129044811/https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/650183/body-parts-historical-figures |url-status=live }}

| File:Thomas Paine (cropped).jpg
{{center|{{sortname|Thomas|Paine}}}}

| {{center|Lost}}

| {{center|Bones}}

| Following his death in 1809, Thomas Paine was buried beneath a walnut tree on his farm in New Rochelle, New York. In 1819, journalist William Cobbett disinterred Paine and took the corpse to England. Cobbett had intended to bury Paine's bones there, but when he died in 1835 they lay in a box. It is not known what became of them.{{cite book |last1=Burgan |first1=Michael |title=Thomas Paine: Great Writer of the Revolution |date=2006 |publisher=Capstone |isbn=978-0-7565-1076-3 |page=94 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4FDEYOSF33wC&dq=%22thomas%20paine%22%20bones&pg=PA94 |language=en |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=30 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530091323/https://www.google.com.ar/books/edition/Thomas_Paine/4FDEYOSF33wC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22thomas%20paine%22%20bones&pg=PA94&printsec=frontcover |url-status=live }}

| File:Portrait of D. Pedro I (1826) - Google Art Project.jpg
{{center|Dom Pedro I}}

| {{center|Church of Our Lady of Lapa}}

| {{center|Heart}}

| The heart of the Brazilian emperor Dom Pedro I was preserved following his death in 1834. It is kept in a glass jar, with formaldehyde, in the {{ill|Church of Our Lady of Lapa|pt|Igreja de Nossa Senhora da Lapa}}. The container is locked inside an urn.{{Cite web|url=https://www.terra.com.br/byte/por-que-o-coracao-de-dom-pedro-i-foi-separado-de-seu-corpo,e1167793b98c299581787e4054a3702b648jffvc.html|title=Por que o coração de Dom Pedro I foi separado de seu corpo?|access-date=2022-08-26|website=Terra|language=pt-BR|archive-date=24 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124163716/https://www.terra.com.br/byte/por-que-o-coracao-de-dom-pedro-i-foi-separado-de-seu-corpo,e1167793b98c299581787e4054a3702b648jffvc.html|url-status=live}} The heart is considered a relic by the Portuguese government.{{Cite web|url=https://g1.globo.com/economia/noticia/2022/08/22/por-que-o-coracao-de-dom-pedro-i-fica-em-portugal-e-o-restante-do-corpo-no-brasil.ghtml|title=Por que o coração de Dom Pedro I fica em Portugal e o restante do corpo no Brasil|access-date=2022-08-26|website=G1|date=22 August 2022|language=pt-br|archive-date=29 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129013129/https://g1.globo.com/economia/noticia/2022/08/22/por-que-o-coracao-de-dom-pedro-i-fica-em-portugal-e-o-restante-do-corpo-no-brasil.ghtml|url-status=live}}

| File:Ex-President Juan Domingo Peron van Argentinie (kop), Bestanddeelnr 926-0239 (cropped).jpg
{{center|Juan Perón}}

| {{center|Stolen}}

| {{center|Hand}}

| Argentine president Juan Perón died in 1974 and his body was later moved to a tomb at Chacarita Cemetery. In 1987, thieves broke into the tomb, stealing his cap and sword, and cutting off both of his hands. A ransom note demanded US$8 million for their return. The hands were never returned.[https://www.nytimes.com/1987/09/06/world/peron-hands-police-find-trail-elusive.html "Peron Hands: Police Find Trail Elusive."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422234619/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/09/06/world/peron-hands-police-find-trail-elusive.html |date=2021-04-22 }} The New York Times, September 6, 1987. Accessed October 16, 2009.Johnson, Lyman L. Death, Dismemberment and Memory: Body Politics in Latin America. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2004. {{ISBN|0-8263-3201-3}}. pp. 251–253.

| File:Rasputin-Big-photos-2-crop.jpg{{center|Rasputin}}

| {{center|Lost}}

| {{center|Penis}}

| Rasputin was assassinated in 1916. In the 1920s, a group of Russian émigrés to France claimed to possess his penis which legend held could grant fertility. His daughter Maria Rasputin is said to have taken possession of the member. American collector Michael Augustine claimed that he had purchased it at an estate sale in 1994. The Museum of Russian Erotica in St. Petersburg holds a {{cvt|28.5|cm|adj=on}} specimen it claims belonged to Rasputin. Experts have said that the penis probably came from a bull or a horse.{{cite news |last1=Giacomazzo |first1=Bernadette |title=The True Story Of Rasputin's Legendary Penis, From Its Massive Size To Its 'Mystical' Powers |url=https://allthatsinteresting.com/rasputin-penis |work=All That's Interesting |date=18 August 2022 |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=30 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530091237/https://allthatsinteresting.com/rasputin-penis |url-status=live }}{{cite news |title=Mad monk's member |url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/mad-monks-member-20040613-gdj46b.html |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=13 June 2004 |language=en |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=3 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191003223209/https://www.smh.com.au/national/mad-monks-member-20040613-gdj46b.html |url-status=live }}

| File:Richard I of England.png
{{center|Richard I of England}}

|

| {{center|Heart}}

| The heart of Richard I of England (1157–1199) was separated from his body following his death. His body was entombed separately from his entrails, which were interred in Chalus, and his heart, which was embalmed and buried in the Rouen Cathedral. The small lead box was disinterred in a 19th-century excavation, which contained the remains of his heart, a greyish-brown powder. Analysis revealed that the heart had been wrapped in linen. Traces were discovered of frankincense, myrtle, mercury, mint, daisy, and potentially lime.{{cite news |last1=Morelle |first1=Rebecca |title=Richard the Lionheart's mummified heart analysed |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-21609783 |work=BBC News |date=27 February 2013 |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=2 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002113340/https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-21609783 |url-status=live }}{{cite journal |last1=Charlier |first1=Philippe |last2=Poupon |first2=Joël |last3=Jeannel |first3=Gaël-François |title=The embalmed heart of Richard the Lionheart (1199 A.D.): a biological and anthropological analysis |journal=Scientific Reports |date=28 February 2013 |volume=3 |issue=1 |page=1296 |doi=10.1038/srep01296 |pmid=23448897 |pmc=3584573 }}

| File:Jose rizal 01.jpg
{{center|José Rizal}}

| {{center|Rizal Shrine}}

| {{center|Vertebra}}

| The Filipino nationalist José Rizal was executed by firing squad in 1896. His vertebrae are held in a reliquary in the Rizal Shrine at Fort Santiago in Manila. One of the vertebra is chipped by one of the bullets that killed him.{{cite news |last1=Ocampo |first1=Ambeth R. |title=Rizal's vertebra, Aguinaldo's appendix |url=https://opinion.inquirer.net/5633/rizal%E2%80%99s-vertebra-aguinaldo%E2%80%99s-appendix |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |date=1 June 2011 |language=en |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=26 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120626091233/http://opinion.inquirer.net/5633/rizal%E2%80%99s-vertebra-aguinaldo%E2%80%99s-appendix |url-status=live }}{{cite web |last1=O'Dell |first1=William |title=Top 10 Most Famous Preserved Body Parts |url=https://www.toptenz.net/top-10-most-famous-preserved-body-parts.php |website=Toptenz.net |date=23 June 2012 |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=30 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530091203/https://www.toptenz.net/top-10-most-famous-preserved-body-parts.php |url-status=live }}

| File:St Martin Alexis.jpg
{{center|{{sortname|Alexis|St. Martin}}}}

| {{center|Saint-Thomas Parish Cemetery}}

| {{center|Stomach}}

| Alexis St. Martin was accidentally shot by a musket in 1822. His injuries included an opening into his stomach that would not close. Water and food could be placed in his stomach through the opening, or be drawn out with a syphon. The physician William Beaumont conducted a series of digestion experiments on St. Martin between 1822 and 1833.{{cite news |last1=Price |first1=Catherine |title=Probing the Mysteries of Human Digestion |url=https://www.sciencehistory.org/stories/magazine/probing-the-mysteries-of-human-digestion/ |work=Distillations |publisher=Science History Institute |date=13 August 2018 |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=30 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530091153/https://www.sciencehistory.org/stories/magazine/probing-the-mysteries-of-human-digestion/ |url-status=live }}

| File:Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna c1853 (cropped).png
{{center|{{sortname|Antonio López de|Santa Anna}}}}

| {{center|Lost or destroyed}}

| {{center|Leg}}

| During the Pastry War in 1838, López de Santa Anna was struck by cannon fire in his left leg. His shattered ankle required amputation of much of his leg, which he ordered buried with full military honors.{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=Kate |title=Texas and the Mexican War |date=2015 |publisher=Cavendish Square Publishing |isbn=9781502609649 |page=64 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LpJmDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA64 |access-date=23 December 2022 |archive-date=19 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419182225/https://books.google.com/books?id=LpJmDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA64 |url-status=live }} The leg was exhumed in 1842 and reburied in a state ceremony. Later in 1844, the leg was exhumed again and dragged in the streets. One of his artificial legs is in the collection of the Illinois State Military Museum.{{cite news |title=How Food Caused Santa Anna to Lose His Leg (Twice) |url=https://lrl.texas.gov/whatsNew/client/print.cfm?id=E7B0CAE6-EE59-1B2A-9F3C6907744C74D3 |publisher=Texas Legislative Reference LIbrary |date=28 June 2016 |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=30 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530091201/https://lrl.texas.gov/whatsNew/client/print.cfm?id=E7B0CAE6-EE59-1B2A-9F3C6907744C74D3 |url-status=live }}

| File:St Nicholas Icon Sinai 13th century.jpg
{{center|{{sortname|Saint|Nicholas}}}}

| {{center|Basilica di San Nicola}}

| {{center|Bones}}

| In 1087, while the Greek Christian inhabitants of the region were subjugated by the newly arrived Muslim Seljuk Turks, and soon after their church was declared to be in schism by the Catholic church, a group of merchants from the Italian city of Bari removed the major bones of Nicholas's skeleton from his sarcophagus in the church without authorization and brought them to their hometown, where they are now enshrined in the Basilica di San Nicola. The remaining bone fragments from the sarcophagus were later removed by Venetian sailors and taken to Venice during the First Crusade.

| File:Antonio Scarpa.jpg
{{center|{{sortname|Antonio|Scarpa}}}}

| {{center|University History Museum, University of Pavia}}

| {{center|Head}}

| After Antonio Scarpa's death in 1832, his assistant Carlo Beolchin and the naturalist Mauro Ruscóni removed his head and fingers during autopsy. His head was exhibited in the Institute of Anatomy. The head is still on display at the University History Museum of the University of Pavia.{{cite journal |last1=Grzybowski |first1=Andrzej |last2=Sak |first2=Jarosław |title=Antonio Scarpa (1752–1832) |journal=Journal of Neurology |date=February 2013 |volume=260 |issue=2 |pages=695–696 |doi=10.1007/s00415-012-6658-4 |pmid=22926229 |pmc=3566389 }}{{cite journal |last1=Parigi |first1=Gian Battista |title=Antonio Scarpa was an outstanding "head" in the history of surgery |journal=The American Journal of Surgery |date=July 2004 |volume=188 |issue=1 |pages=17–21 |doi=10.1016/j.amjsurg.2003.12.057}}

| File:Friedrich Schiller by Ludovike Simanowiz.jpg
{{center|{{sortname|Friedrich|Schiller}}}}

| {{center|Lost}}

| {{center|Skull}}

| Friedrich Schiller died in 1805 and was buried in a common grave in Weimar. The mass grave was disinterred in 1826 to recover his skull, but it was not clear which of the 23 skulls belonged to Schiller. The mayor of Weimar selected the largest of the skulls, and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe took it home and wrote a poem about it.{{cite news |last1=Harding |first1=Luke |title=Tale of two skulls divides Germany |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/may/08/artsandhumanities.germany |work=The Guardian |date=8 May 2005 |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=30 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530091638/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/may/08/artsandhumanities.germany |url-status=live }} It was then transferred to Weimar's ducal vault in 1827. A DNA analysis conducted in 2006 determined that the skull did not belong to Schiller.{{cite magazine |last1=Sautter |first1=Ursula |title=Schiller Skull Mystery |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1647246,00.htmlv |magazine=Time |date=26 July 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101010054101/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1647246,00.html |archive-date=10 October 2010}}

| File:Percy Bysshe Shelley by Alfred Clint crop.jpg
{{center|{{sortname|Percy Bysshe|Shelley}}}}

|

| {{center|Heart}}

| After Percy Bysshe Shelley died, his body was cremated on the beach. Rather than becoming ash in the fire, Shelley's heart did not burn. Edward John Trelawney collected the heart and gave it to Mary Shelley. She was said to keep the heart in her desk for the remainder of her life, some 30 years.{{cite web |last1=Davis |first1=Sara |title=Mary Shelley's Indestructible Heart |url=https://rosenbach.org/blog/mary-shelleys-indestructible-heart/ |website=The Rosenbach |date=30 August 2017 |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=28 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228233506/https://rosenbach.org/blog/mary-shelleys-indestructible-heart/ |url-status=live }} There was speculation that the heart was actually his liver or kidney. The Shelleys' son, Percy Florence Shelley, found the organ on top of his mother's desk, wrapped in silk and kept alongside a passage that had been torn out from Percy Bysshe Shelley's poem Adonais.{{cite web |last1=Evon |first1=Dan |title=Did Mary Shelley Keep Her Late Husband's Heart? |url=https://www.snopes.com/articles/378531/mary-shelley-keep-husbands-heart/ |website=Snopes |language=en |date=31 October 2021 |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=30 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330145730/https://www.snopes.com/articles/378531/mary-shelley-keep-husbands-heart/ |url-status=live }}

| File:Daniel Edgar Sickles.jpg{{center|{{sortname|Daniel|Sickles}}}}

| {{center|National Museum of Health and Medicine}}

| {{center|Leg}}

| Union Army general Daniel Sickles had his right leg amputated above the knee after a cannonball wound suffered at the Battle of Gettysburg on July 2, 1863. The limb was donated to the Army Medical Museum (now the National Museum of Health and Medicine), where it was used as a teaching example of battlefield trauma. Sickles sometimes visited the limb on the anniversary of its loss,{{cite journal |last=Clarke |first=Tim Jr. |title=Sickles' Leg and the Army Medical Museum |date=2014 |journal=Military Medicine |volume=179 |issue=8 |pmid=25181725 |doi=10.7205/MILMED-D-14-00182|doi-access=free |page=1051}} and sometimes brought visitors with him, including, on one occasion, Mark Twain who stated that he believed the general valued the lost leg more than his still-extant one.{{cite web |last1=Pearlstein |first1=Kristen |title=Maj. Gen. Daniel E. Sickles: His Contribution to the Army Medical Museum |url=https://www.medicalmuseum.mil/micrograph/index.cfm/posts/2021/maj_gen_daniel_e_sickles |publisher=National Museum of Health and Medicine |access-date=15 February 2022 |date=July 1, 2021 |archive-date=15 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220215032545/https://www.medicalmuseum.mil/micrograph/index.cfm/posts/2021/maj_gen_daniel_e_sickles |url-status=dead }}

| File:Spallanzani.jpg{{center|{{sortname|Lazzaro|Spallanzani}}}}

| {{center|University History Museum, University of Pavia}}

| {{center|Bladder}}

| Lazzaro Spallanzani died from bladder cancer in 1799. After his death, his bladder was removed for study by his colleagues, after which it was placed on public display in a museum in Pavia, where it remains to this day.{{cite journal |last1=Abbott |first1=Alison |title=The University History Museum in Pavia |journal=Nature |date=January 2008 |volume=451 |issue=7178 |pages=526 |doi=10.1038/451526a |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/451526a#citeas |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=3 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240203124159/https://www.nature.com/articles/451526a#citeas |url-status=live }}

| File:Andrzej czajkowski.jpg{{center|{{sortname|André|Tchaikowsky}}}}

| {{center|Royal Shakespeare Company}}

| {{center|Skull}}

| Polish pianist André Tchaikowsky (1935–1982) bequeathed his skull to the Royal Shakespeare Company so it could be used in theatrical performances. The skull was received by the props department, to the "evident delight" of the department's dog. It bleached and dried on a rooftop for up to two years. It was used in rehearsals for a 1989 production of Hamlet starring Mark Rylance. The skull had its stage debut portraying Yorick in a 2008 production of Hamlet that starred David Tennant in the title role.{{cite book |last1=Monks |first1=Aoife |title=Shakespeare's Things: Shakespearean Theatre and the Non-Human World in History, Theory, and Performance |date=2019 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-000-75092-8 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T_e-DwAAQBAJ&dq=%22Andr%C3%A9%20Tchaikowsky%22%20skull&pg=PT152 |language=en |chapter=Human Remains: Acting, Objects, and Belief in Performance |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=30 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530091640/https://www.google.com.ar/books/edition/Shakespeare_s_Things/T_e-DwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22Andr%C3%A9%20Tchaikowsky%22%20skull&pg=PT152&printsec=frontcover |url-status=live }}

| File:Field Marshal Henry William Paget, 1st Marquess of Anglesey and 2nd Earl of Uxbridge – detail.jpg
{{center|{{sortname|Lord|Uxbridge}}}}

|

| {{center|Leg}}

| At the Battle of Waterloo, a cannon shot struck the right legEdward Baines, History of the Wars of the French Revolution, from the Breaking Out of the War, in 1792, to the Restoration of a General Peace in 1815: Comprehending the Civil History of Great Britain and France, During that Period, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, 1818. [https://archive.org/details/historywarsfren00unkngoog/page/n501 p. 468] &

George Jones, John Booth, The Battle of Waterloo: With Those of Ligny and Quatre Bras, Described by Eye-witnesses and by the Series of Official Accounts Published by Authority. ..., Published by L. Booth, 1852. [https://books.google.com/books?id=k4dJAAAAMAAJ&dq=waterloo+Uxbridge+left+leg+surgeon&pg=RA1-PA403 p. 403]) say right leg; some more recent sources say the left. of Henry Paget, 2nd Earl of Uxbridge. He remarked to the Duke of Wellington: "By God, sir, I've lost my leg." The leg was amputated above the knee and taken to the village of Waterloo in Belgium. M. Hyacinthe Joseph-Marie Paris, the owner of the house where the leg was amputated, asked to keep the leg to bury it in his garden. It later became a tourist attraction.{{cite news |title=Rare letters shed light on Waterloo, say archivists |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-stoke-staffordshire-33185070 |work=BBC News |date=18 June 2015 |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=30 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530091629/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-stoke-staffordshire-33185070 |url-status=live }}

| File:Vincent Willem van Gogh 106.jpg
{{center|{{sortname|Vincent|van Gogh}}}}

| {{center|Lost}}

| {{center|Ear}}

| On 23 December 1888,{{Cite web|last1=Hoban |first1=Virgie |url=https://news.lib.berkeley.edu/van-Gogh-ear|title=What actually happened to Vincent van Gogh's ear? Here are 3 things you should know.|website=UC Berkeley Library News|access-date=6 September 2020|archive-date=26 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026061425/https://news.lib.berkeley.edu/van-Gogh-ear|url-status=live}} Van Gogh is thought to have severed his left ear with a razor. The diagonal cut removed the lobe and probably a little more,{{cite book|last1=Doiteau |first1=Victor |last2=Leroy |first2=Edgard |date=1928 |title=La Folie de Vincent Van Gogh |lang=fr |publisher=Éditions Aesculape |oclc=458125921}}{{cite web|url=https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-how-one-art-history-teacher-solved-two-of-the-biggest-mysteries-about-van-gogh|title=How One Art History Teacher Solved Two of the Biggest Mysteries about Van Gogh|last=Cain|first=Abigail|date=26 July 2016|website=artsy.net|access-date=21 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190221224047/https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-how-one-art-history-teacher-solved-two-of-the-biggest-mysteries-about-van-gogh|archive-date=21 February 2019|url-status=live}} causing severe bleeding.{{cite book|last=Rewald |first=John |date=1978 |title=Post-Impressionism: From van Gogh to Gauguin |publisher=Secker & Warburg |isbn=978-0-436-41151-9 |pages=243–248}} He bandaged the wound, wrapped the ear in paper and delivered the package to a woman who worked at a cafe that he frequented and was a cleaner at a brothel. Van Gogh was found unconscious the next morning by a policeman and taken to hospital,{{cite book|last=Sund |first=Judy |date=2002 |title=Van Gogh |publisher=Phaidon |isbn=978-0-7148-4084-0 |page=235}}{{cite book|last=Gayford |first=Martin |date=2006 |title=The Yellow House: Van Gogh, Gauguin, and Nine Turbulent Weeks in Arles |publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-0-670-91497-5 |page=277}} where he was treated by Félix Rey, a young doctor still in training. The ear was brought to the hospital, but Rey did not attempt to reattach it as too much time had passed.{{cite book|last=Sweetman |first=David |date=1990 |title=Van Gogh: His Life and His Art |publisher=Touchstone |isbn=978-0-671-74338-3 |page=290}} Historians have suggested that Paul Gauguin may have sliced the ear off with a sword during a fight.{{cite news |last1=Chrisafis |first1=Angelique |title=Art historians claim Van Gogh's ear 'cut off by Gauguin' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2009/may/04/vincent-van-gogh-ear |work=The Guardian |date=4 May 2009 |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=30 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530090202/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2009/may/04/vincent-van-gogh-ear |url-status=live }}

| File:JonathanWalkerPortrait.png{{center|{{sortname|Jonathan|Walker|Jonathan Walker (abolitionist)}}}}

| {{center|Evergreen Cemetery
Muskegon, Michigan, U.S.}}

|
{{center|Hand}}

| The abolitionist Jonathan Walker aided people who were escaping slavery. He was convicted in Pensacola of "slave stealing" and had the initials "SS" branded with a hot iron on his right hand by United States Marshal Eben Dorr. John Greenleaf Whittier's poem "The Branded Hand" pays tribute to the hand. A {{circa}} 1845 daguerreotype of his hand was called "one of the earliest conceptual portraits in that a body part can stand for the total personality."{{cite web |title=The branded hand of Captain Jonathan Walker |url=https://www.masshist.org/database/viewer.php?item_id=154&pid=15 |publisher=Massachusetts Historical Society |access-date=20 April 2024 |archive-date=30 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530090204/https://www.masshist.org/database/viewer.php?item_id=154&pid=15 |url-status=live }} Walker was buried in Evergreen Cemetery in Muskegon, Michigan. A monument in the cemetery reads "Capt. Walker's Branded Hand" and includes a depiction of the hand.{{cite news |title=The Branded Hand |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-1878-the-branded-hand-ca/23618517/ |work=The Chicago Daily Tribune |date=2 August 1878 |page=1 |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=30 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530090205/https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-1878-the-branded-hand-ca/23618517/ |url-status=live }}

! scope="rowgroup" rowspan="2" |File:George Washington MET ap24.109.81.jpg{{center|{{sortname|George|Washington}}}}

| {{center|Multiple locations}}

| {{center|Hair}}

| George Washington gave away many locks of hair during his lifetime. As of 2024, over 100 museums and history centers hold locks of hair purported to have belonged to Washington.{{cite web |title=G.W. Hair Relics Map |url=https://www.georgewashingtonshair.org/Map |publisher=George Washington's Hair |access-date=20 April 2024 |archive-date=28 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228100810/https://www.georgewashingtonshair.org/Map |url-status=live }} Locks of Washington's hair are held by Mount Vernon, Union College,{{cite news |last1=Selk |first1=Avi |title=A college says it found an old clump of George Washington's hair. Hooray! |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2018/02/14/a-college-says-it-found-an-old-clump-of-george-washingtons-hair-hurrah/ |newspaper=Washington Post |date=28 October 2021 |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=9 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230809105717/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2018/02/14/a-college-says-it-found-an-old-clump-of-george-washingtons-hair-hurrah/ |url-status=live }} and the Missouri History Museum. A lock of his hair was launched into space aboard the Vulcan Centaur in January 2024.{{cite news |last1=Gastaldo |first1=Evann |title=George Washington's Hair Headed for Space |url=https://www.newser.com/story/343784/george-washingtons-hair-is-going-to-space.html |work=Newser |date=13 December 2023 |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=2 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502181831/https://www.newser.com/story/343784/george-washingtons-hair-is-going-to-space.html |url-status=live }}

| {{center|New York Academy of Medicine}}

| {{center|Teeth}}

| Washington lost all of his teeth during his life. His final tooth was pulled by the dentist John Greenwood, who kept it as a souvenir in a small oval glass locket.{{cite book |last1=McClafferty |first1=Carla Killough |title=The Many Faces of George Washington: Remaking a Presidential Icon |date=2013 |publisher=Carolrhoda Books |isbn=978-1-4677-3723-4 |page=41 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9mFXBAAAQBAJ&dq=%22george%20washington%22%20greenwood&pg=PA41 |language=en |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=30 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530090204/https://www.google.com.ar/books/edition/The_Many_Faces_of_George_Washington/9mFXBAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22george%20washington%22%20greenwood&pg=PA41&printsec=frontcover |url-status=live }} The tooth is held by the library of the New York Academy of Medicine.{{cite book |last1=Chernow |first1=Ron |title=Washington: A Life |date=2010 |publisher=Penguin Books Limited |isbn=978-0-14-196610-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Oxk9HDvawAMC&dq=%22george%20washington%22%20tooth&pg=PT1059 |language=en |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=30 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530090303/https://www.google.com.ar/books/edition/Washington/Oxk9HDvawAMC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22george%20washington%22%20tooth&pg=PT1059&printsec=frontcover |url-status=live }}

| File:Charles Whitman (1963).jpg{{center|{{sortname|Charles|Whitman}}}}

| {{center|Lost}}

|
{{center|Brain}}

| Charles Whitman, perpetrator of the University of Texas tower shooting, requested an autopsy following his death. Neuropathologist Coleman de Chenar conducted the autopsy, determining that Whitman had a five-centimeter astrocytoma (brain tumor) pressing against his amygdala.{{cite news |last1=Johnson |first1=Micah |title=How Responsible are Killers with Brain Damage? |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-responsible-are-killers-with-brain-damage/ |work=Scientific American |date=30 January 2018 |language=en |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=15 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240115031058/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-responsible-are-killers-with-brain-damage/ |url-status=live }} Following the autopsy, Whitman's brain was kept in the collection of Chenar. It may have later been transferred to the Austin State Hospital.{{cite web |title=Brain Collection At the University of Texas At Austin |url=https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/brain-collection-at-the-university-of-texas-at-austin |website=Texas State Historical Association |access-date=11 December 2023 |language=en |archive-date=4 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220704083804/https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/brain-collection-at-the-university-of-texas-at-austin |url-status=live }} Whitman's brain was thought to be among 100 brains that were reported as missing from a brain repository at the University of Texas at Austin in 2014.{{cite news |last1=Barbash |first1=Fred |title=The case of 100 missing brains at the University of Texas |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2014/12/03/the-case-of-100-missing-brains-at-the-university-of-texas/ |newspaper=Washington Post |date=26 October 2021 |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=24 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190324094355/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2014/12/03/the-case-of-100-missing-brains-at-the-university-of-texas/ |url-status=live }} Officials later clarified that they had "no evidence at this time that any of the brain specimens came from Charles Whitman".{{cite news |title='Missing' brains at Texas university were destroyed |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-30316114 |work=BBC News |date=3 December 2014 |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=27 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227214916/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-30316114 |url-status=live }}

| File:Walt Whitman - George Collins Cox.jpg{{center|{{sortname|Walt|Whitman}}}}

| {{center|Lost}}

| {{center|Brain}}

| Following his death in 1892, Walt Whitman's brain was donated to the American Anthropometric Society in Philadelphia.{{cite journal |last1=Spitzka |first1=Edw. Anthony |title=A Study of the Brains of Six Eminent Scientists and Scholars Belonging to the American Anthropometric Society, together with a Description of the Skull of Professor E. D. Cope |journal=Transactions of the American Philosophical Society |date=1907 |volume=21 |issue=4 |pages=175–308 |doi=10.2307/1005434 |jstor=1005434 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1005434 |access-date=December 29, 2023 |archive-date=11 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311174940/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1005434 |url-status=live }} The brain was dropped by a laboratory assistant, broke into pieces, and was thrown away. According to Edward Anthony Spitzka, "The brain of Walt Whitman, together with the jar in which it had been placed, was said to have been dropped on the floor by a careless assistant. Unfortunately, not even the pieces were saved." A 2014 paper blamed Henry Cattell for dropping the brain.{{cite news |last1=Weiner |first1=Kevin S. |title=From Broken Brains to Frankenstein: A Walt Whitman Birthday Listicle |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/from-broken-brains-to-fra_b_10007162 |work=HuffPost |date=31 May 2016 |language=en |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=29 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231129200147/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/from-broken-brains-to-fra_b_10007162 |url-status=live }}{{cite journal |last1=Burrell |first1=Brian |title=The Strange Fate of Whitman's Brain |journal=Walt Whitman Quarterly Review |date=1 January 2003 |volume=20 |issue=3–4 |pages=107–133 |doi=10.13008/2153-3695.1708 |url=https://whitmanarchive.org/criticism/wwqr/pdf/anc.00891.pdf}}

! scope="rowgroup" rowspan="2" |File:Saint Francis Xavier.jpg{{center|{{sortname|Francis|Xavier}}}}

| {{center|Church of the Gesù
----
Chapel of St. Francis Xavier}}

| {{center|Arm}}

| Xavier died in 1552 in China. His body was transported to Goa. In 1614, Pope Paul V ordered the removal of his right arm up to the elbow so that it could be taken to Rome.{{cite news |last1=Gershon |first1=Livia |title=The Incorruptible Body of Francis Xavier |url=https://daily.jstor.org/the-incorruptible-body-of-francis-xavier/ |work=JSTOR Daily |date=30 July 2023 |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=27 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231127142836/https://daily.jstor.org/the-incorruptible-body-of-francis-xavier/ |url-status=live }} The arm is kept in a silver reliquary in the Jesuit Church of the Gesù in Rome and toured Canada in 2018.{{cite news |last1=Bates |first1=Wanita |title=Have arm, will travel: My encounter with a most unusual relic |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/francis-xavier-arm-wanita-bates-1.4479004 |work=CBC |date=9 January 2018 |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=2 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602000915/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/francis-xavier-arm-wanita-bates-1.4479004 |url-status=live }} Three other bone fragments, from the right arm above the elbow, were removed in 1619 and sent to Jesuit Colleges in Cochin, Macau, and Malacca. One of the fragments is held by the Chapel of St. Francis Xavier in Macau and was brought to Newark, New Jersey, for veneration in 1965 at the request of cardinal Francis Spellman.{{cite journal |last1=Bruce |first1=P. |title=A Relic of St. Francis Xavier |journal=Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society |date=1983 |volume=23 |pages=204–207 |jstor=23886800 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23886800 |issn=0085-5774 |access-date=30 May 2024 |archive-date=3 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211103114716/https://www.jstor.org/stable/23886800 |url-status=live }}

| {{center|Lost or eaten}}

| {{center|Toe}}

| Several toes are missing from Xavier's corpse. During testimony for his beatification in 1616, it was attested that a woman kissing the feet of the cadaver had bitten off one of the toes and that blood had flowed from the wound.{{cite journal |last1=Brockey |first1=Liam Matthew |title=The Cruelest Honor: The Relics of Francis Xavier in Early-Modern Asia |journal=The Catholic Historical Review |date=2015 |volume=101 |issue=1 |pages=41–64 |jstor=43900075 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43900075 |issn=0008-8080}}

| File:Yagan Statue 2005.jpg{{center|Yagan}}

| {{center|Belhus, Western Australia}}

| {{center|Head}}

| The Aboriginal Australian warrior Yagan was murdered in 1833 by British colonists. His head was removed, preserved by smoking, and taken to England by Robert Dale, who gave it to the Liverpool Institute for display in a museum.{{cite journal|author=Turnbull, Paul|year=1998|title="Outlawed Subjects": The Procurement and Scientific Uses of Australian Aboriginal Heads, ca. 1803–1835|journal=Eighteenth-Century Life|volume=22|issue=1|pages=156–171}} It had decomposed by 1964 and was buried in Everton Cemetery. Following a years-long campaign for the repatriation of the head by Noongar groups, it was exhumed in 1997 and returned to Australia.{{cite book|author=Fforde, Cressida|year=2002|chapter=Chapter 18: Yagan|title=The Dead and Their Possessions: Repatriation in Principle, Policy, and Practice|editor1=Fforde, Cressida |editor2=Hubert, Jane |editor3=Turnbull, Paul |location=London | publisher=Routledge|pages=229–241|isbn=0-415-23385-2}} The head was re-buried in 2010.{{cite news |title=Warrior Yagan laid to rest |url=https://www.theage.com.au/national/warrior-yagan-laid-to-rest-20100710-104w9.html |work=The Age |date=10 July 2010 |language=en |archive-date=6 June 2024 |access-date=6 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240606185058/https://www.theage.com.au/national/warrior-yagan-laid-to-rest-20100710-104w9.html |url-status=live }}