List of mesons
{{short description|None}}
File:Kaon-Decay.svg ({{Subatomic particle|Kaon+}}) into three pions (2 {{Subatomic particle|Pion+}}, 1 {{Subatomic particle|Pion-}}) is a process that involves both weak and strong interactions.
Weak interactions: The strange antiquark ({{Subatomic particle|strange antiquark}}) of the kaon transmutes into an up antiquark ({{Subatomic particle|up antiquark}}) by the emission of a W and Z bosons; the {{Subatomic particle|W boson+}} boson subsequently decays into a down antiquark ({{Subatomic particle|down antiquark}}) and an up quark ({{Subatomic particle|up quark}}).
Strong interactions: An up quark ({{Subatomic particle|up quark}}) emits a gluon ({{Subatomic particle|gluon}}) which decays into a down quark ({{Subatomic particle|down quark}}) and a down antiquark ({{Subatomic particle|down antiquark}}).]]
:This list is of all known and predicted scalar, pseudoscalar and vector mesons. See list of particles for a more detailed list of particles found in particle physics.
This article contains a list of mesons, unstable subatomic particles composed of one quark and one antiquark. They are part of the hadron particle family—particles made of quarks. The other members of the hadron family are the baryons—subatomic particles composed of three quarks. The main difference between mesons and baryons is that mesons have integer spin (thus are bosons) while baryons are fermions (half-integer spin). Because mesons are bosons, the Pauli exclusion principle does not apply to them. Because of this, they can act as force mediating particles on short distances, and thus play a part in processes such as the nuclear interaction.
Since mesons are composed of quarks, they participate in both the weak and strong interactions. Mesons with net electric charge also participate in the electromagnetic interaction. They are classified according to their quark content, total angular momentum, parity, and various other properties such as C-parity and G-parity. While no meson is stable, those of lower mass are nonetheless more stable than the most massive mesons, and are easier to observe and study in particle accelerators or in cosmic ray experiments. They are also typically less massive than baryons, meaning that they are more easily produced in experiments, and will exhibit higher-energy phenomena sooner than baryons would. For example, the charm quark was first seen in the J/Psi meson ({{Subatomic particle|J/psi}}) in 1974,J.J. Aubert et al. (1974)J.E. Augustin et al. (1974) and the bottom quark in the upsilon meson ({{Subatomic particle|Upsilon}}) in 1977.S.W. Herb et al. (1977) The top quark (the last and heaviest quark to be discovered to date) was first observed at Fermilab in 1995.
Each meson has a corresponding antiparticle (antimeson) where quarks are replaced by their corresponding antiquarks and vice versa. For example, a positive pion ({{Subatomic particle|Pion+}}) is made of one up quark and one down antiquark; and its corresponding antiparticle, the negative pion ({{Subatomic particle|Pion-}}), is made of one up antiquark and one down quark. Although tetraquarks with two quarks and two antiquarks can be considered mesons they are not listed here.
The symbols encountered in these lists are: I (isospin), J (total angular momentum), P (parity), C (C-parity), G (G-parity), u (up quark), d (down quark), s (strange quark), c (charm quark), b (bottom quark), Q (charge), B (baryon number), S (strangeness), C (charm), and B′ (bottomness), as well as a wide array of subatomic particles (hover mouse for name).
Summary table
Because this table was initially derived from published results and many of those results were preliminary, as many as 64 of the mesons in the following table may not exist or have the wrong mass or quantum numbers.
| class="wikitable"
|+ Meson summary tableK.A. Olive et al. (2024): [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2024/tables/rpp2024-qtab-mesons.pdf Meson Summary Table] | |||||||||
| colspan="4" | Light unflavoured (S = C = B = 0) ! colspan="2" | Strange ! colspan="2" | Charmed, strange ! colspan="2" | c{{Physics particle|anti=yes|c}} | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IG(JPC) | IG(JPC) | I(JP) | I(JP) | IG(JPC) | |||||
| {{Physics particle|π|TR=±}} | 1−(0−)
| Φ(1680) | 0−(1−−)
|{{Physics particle|K|TR=±}} | {{frac|1|2}}(0−)
| {{Physics particle|D|TR=±|BR=s}} | 0(0−)
| {{Physics particle|η|BR=c}}(1S) | 0+(0−+) | ||||
| {{Physics particle|π|TR=0}} | 1−(0−+)
| {{Physics particle|ρ|BR=3}}(1690) | 1+(3−−)
| {{Physics particle|K|TR=0}} | {{frac|1|2}}(0−)
| {{Physics particle|D|TR=*±|BR=s}} | 0(1−)
| J/ψ(1S) | 0−(1−−) | ||||
| η | 0+(0−+)
| ρ(1700) | 1+(1−−)
| {{Physics particle|K|TR=0|BR=S}} | {{frac|1|2}}(0−)
| {{Physics particle|D|TR=*|BR=s0}}(2317)± | 0(0+)
| {{Physics particle|χ|BR=c0}}(1P) | 0+(0++) | ||||
| {{Physics particle|f|BR=0}}(500) | 0+(0++)
| {{Physics particle|a|BR=2}}(1700) | 1−(2++)
| {{Physics particle|K|TR=0|BR=L}} | {{frac|1|2}}(0−)
| {{Physics particle|D|BR=s1}}(2460)± | 0(1+)
| {{Physics particle|χ|BR=c1}}(1P) | 0+(1++) | ||||
| ρ(770) | 1+(1−−)
| f0(1710) | 0+(0++)
| {{Physics particle|K | TR=*|BR=0}}(800) | {{frac|1|2}}(0+)
| {{Physics particle|D|BR=s1}}(2536)± | 0(1+)
| {{Physics particle|h|BR=c}}(1P) | 0−(1+−) | |||
| ω(782) | 0−(1−−)
| η(1760) | 0+(0−+)
| {{Physics particle|K|TR=*}}(892) | {{frac|1|2}}(1−)
| {{Physics particle|D|BR=s2|TR=*}}(2573) | 0(2+)
| {{Physics particle|χ|BR=c2}}(1P) | 0+(2++) | ||||
| η′ (958) | 0+(0−+)
| π(1800) | 1−(0−+)
| {{Physics particle|K|BR=1}}(1270) | {{frac|1|2}}(1+)
| {{Physics particle|D|TR=*|BR=s1}}(2700)± | 0(1−)
| {{Physics particle|η|BR=c}}(2S) | 0+(0−+) | ||||
| {{Physics particle|f|BR=0}}(980) | 0+(0++)
| {{Physics particle|f|BR=2}}(1810) | 0+(2++)
| {{Physics particle|K|BR=1}}(1400) | {{frac|1|2}}(1+)
| {{Physics particle|D|TR=*|BR=s3}}(2860)± | 0(3−)
| ψ(2S) | 0−(1−−) | ||||
| {{Physics particle|a|BR=0}}(980) | 1−(0++)
| X(1835) | 0+(0−+)
| {{Physics particle|K|TR=*}}(1410) | {{frac|1|2}}(1−)
| {{Physics particle|D|BR=sJ}}(3040)± | 0(??)
| ψ(3770) | 0−(1−−) | ||||
| φ(1020) | 0−(1−−)
| {{Physics particle|φ|BR=3}}(1850) | 0−(3−−)
| {{Physics particle|K|TR=*|BR=0}}(1430) | {{frac|1|2}}(0+)
| rowspan="2" colspan="2" align="center" | Bottom | {{Physics particle|ψ|BR=2}}(3823) | 0−(2−−) | |||||
| {{Physics particle|h|BR=1}}(1170) | 0−(1+−)
| {{Physics particle|η|BR=1}}(1855) | 0+(2−+)
| {{Physics particle|K|TR=*|BR=2}}(1430) | {{frac|1|2}}(2+)
| {{Physics particle|χ|BR=c1}}(3872) | 0+(1++) | |||||
| {{Physics particle|b|BR=1}}(1235) | 1+(1+−)
| {{Physics particle|η|BR=2}}(1870) | 0+(2−+)
| K(1460) | {{frac|1|2}}(0−)
| {{Physics particle|B|TR=±}} | {{frac|1|2}}(0−)
| X(3900)± | ?(1+) | ||||
| {{Physics particle|a|BR=1}}(1260) | 1−(1++)
| {{Physics particle|π|BR=2}}(1880) | 1−(2−+)
| {{Physics particle|K|BR=2}}(1580) | {{frac|1|2}}(2−)
| {{Physics particle|B|TR=0}} | {{frac|1|2}}(0−)
| X(3900)0 | ?(??) | ||||
| {{Physics particle|f|BR=2}}(1270) | 0+(2++)
| ρ(1900) | 1+(1−−)
| K(1630) | {{frac|1|2}}(??)
| colspan="2" |{{Physics particle|B|TR=±}}/{{Physics particle|B|TR=0}} Admixture | {{Physics particle|χ|BR=c0}}(2P) | 0+(0++) | |||||
| {{Physics particle|f|BR=1}}(1285) | 0+(1++)
| {{Physics particle|f|BR=2}}(1910) | 0+(2++)
| {{Physics particle|K|BR=1}}(1650) | {{frac|1|2}}(1+)
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | {{Physics particle|B|TR=±}}/{{Physics particle|B|TR=0}}/{{Physics particle|B|TR=0|BR=s}}/b-baryon | {{Physics particle|χ|BR=c2}}(2P) | 0+(2++) | |||||
| η(1295) | 0+(0−+)
| {{Physics particle|f|BR=2}}(1950) | 0+(2++)
| {{Physics particle|K|TR=*}}(1680) | {{frac|1|2}}(1−)
| X(3940) | ??(???) | |||||
| π(1300) | 1−(0−+)
| {{Physics particle|ρ|BR=3}}(1990) | 1+(3−−)
| {{Physics particle|K|BR=2}}(1770) | {{frac|1|2}}(2−)
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | Vcb and Vub CKM Matrix | X(4020)± | ?(??) | |||||
| {{Physics particle|a|BR=2}}(1320) | 1−(2++)
| {{Physics particle|f|BR=2}}(2010) | 0+(2++)
| {{Physics particle|K|TR=*|BR=3}}(1780) | {{frac|1|2}}(3−)
| ψ(4040) | 0−(1−−) | |||||
| {{Physics particle|f|BR=0}}(1370) | 0+(0++)
| {{Physics particle|f|BR=0}}(2020) | 0+(0++)
| {{Physics particle|K|BR=2}}(1820) | {{frac|1|2}}(2−)
| {{Physics particle|B|TR=*}} | {{frac|1|2}}(1−)
| X(4050)± | ?(??) | ||||
| {{Physics particle|h|BR=1}}(1415) | 0−(1+−)
| {{Physics particle|a|BR=4}}(1970) | 1−(4++)
| K(1830) | {{frac|1|2}}(0−)
| {{Physics particle|B|TR=*|BR=J}}(5732) | ?(??)
| X(4140) | 0+(??+) | ||||
| {{Physics particle|π|BR=1}}(1400) | 1−(1−+)
| {{Physics particle|f|BR=4}}(2050) | 0+(4++)
| {{Physics particle|K|TR=*|BR=0}}(1950) | {{frac|1|2}}(0+)
| {{Physics particle|B|BR=1}}(5721)0 | {{frac|1|2}}(1+)
| ψ(4160) | 0−(1−−) | ||||
| η(1405) | 0+(0−+)
| {{Physics particle|π|BR=2}}(2100) | 1−(2−+)
| {{Physics particle|K|TR=*|BR=2}}(1980) | {{frac|1|2}}(2+)
| {{Physics particle|B|TR=*|BR=1}}(5721)0 | {{frac|1|2}}(2+)
| X(4160) | ??(???) | ||||
| {{Physics particle|f|BR=1}}(1420) | 0+(1++)
| {{Physics particle|f|BR=0}}(2100) | 0+(0++)
| {{Physics particle|K|TR=*|BR=0}}(2045) | {{frac|1|2}}(4+)
| rowspan="2" colspan="2" align="center" | Bottom, strange | X(4250)± | ?(??) | |||||
| ω(1420) | 0−(1−−)
| {{Physics particle|f|BR=2}}(2150) | 0+(2++)
| {{Physics particle|K|BR=2}}(2250) | {{frac|1|2}}(2−)
| X(4260) | ??(1−−) | |||||
| {{Physics particle|f|BR=2}}(1430) | 0+(2++)
| ρ(2150) | 1+(1−−)
| {{Physics particle|K|BR=3}}(2320) | {{frac|1|2}}(3+)
| {{Physics particle|B|TR=0|BR=s}} | 0(0−)
| X(4350) | 0+(??+) | ||||
| {{Physics particle|a|BR=0}}(1450) | 1−(0++)
| φ(2170) | 0−(1−−)
| {{Physics particle|K|TR=*|BR=5}}(2380) | {{frac|1|2}}(5−)
| {{Physics particle|B|TR=*|BR=s}} | 0(1−)
| ψ(4360) | 0−(1−−) | ||||
| ρ(1450) | 1+(1−−)
| {{Physics particle|f|BR=0}}(2200) | 0+(0++)
| {{Physics particle|K|BR=4}}(2500) | {{frac|1|2}}(4−)
| {{Physics particle|B|BR=s1}}(5830)0 | 0(1+)
| ψ(4415) | 0−(1−−) | ||||
| η(1475) | 0+(0−+)
| rowspan="2" | fJ(2220) | rowspan="2" | 0+(2++ or 4++) | K(3100) | ??(???)
| {{Physics particle|B|TR=*|BR=s2}}(5840)0 | 0(2+)
| X(4430)± | ?(1+) | ||||
| {{Physics particle|f|BR=0}}(1500) | 0+(0++)
| rowspan="2" colspan="2" align="center" | Charmed | {{Physics particle|B|TR=*|BR=sJ}}(5850) | ?(??)
| ψ(4660) | 0−(1−−) | ||||||
| {{Physics particle|f|BR=1}}(1510) | 0+(1++)
| η(2225) | 0+(0−+)
| rowspan="2" colspan="2" align="center" | Bottom, charmed | colspan="2" align="center" | b{{Physics particle|b|anti=yes}} | |||||||
| {{Physics particle|f′|BR=2}}(1525) | 0+(2++)
| {{Physics particle|ρ|BR=3}}(2250) | 1+(3−−)
| {{Physics particle|D|TR=±}} | {{frac|1|2}}(0−)
| {{Physics particle|η|BR=b}}(1S) | 0+(0−+) | |||||
| {{Physics particle|f|BR=2}}(1565) | 0+(2++)
| f2(2300) | 0+(2++)
| {{Physics particle|D|TR=0}} | {{frac|1|2}}(0−)
| {{Physics particle|B|TR=+|BR=c}} | 0(0−)
| Υ(1S) | 0−(1−−) | ||||
| ρ(1570) | 1+(1−−)
| {{Physics particle|f|BR=4}}(2300) | 0+(4++)
| {{Physics particle|D|TR=*}}(2007)0 | {{frac|1|2}}(1−)
| {{Physics particle|B|BR=c}}(2S)± | 0(0−)
| {{Physics particle|χ|BR=b0}}(1P) | 0+(0++) | ||||
| {{Physics particle|h|BR=1}}(1595) | 0−(1+−)
| {{Physics particle|f|BR=0}}(2330) | 0+(0++)
| {{Physics particle|D|TR=*}}(2010)± | {{frac|1|2}}(1−)
| rowspan="20" colspan="2" | | {{Physics particle|χ|BR=b1}}(1P) | 0+(1++) | |||||
| {{Physics particle|π|BR=1}}(1600) | 1−(1−+)
| {{Physics particle|f|BR=2}}(2340) | 0+(2++)
| {{Physics particle|D|TR=*|BR=0}}(2400)0 | {{frac|1|2}}(0+)
| {{Physics particle|χ|BR=b0}}(2P) | 0+(0++) | |||||
| {{Physics particle|a|BR=1}}(1640) | 1−(1++)
| {{Physics particle|ρ|BR=5}}(2350) | 1+(5−−)
| {{Physics particle|D|TR=*|BR=0}}(2400)± | {{frac|1|2}}(0+)
| {{Physics particle|h|BR=b}}(1P) | 0−(1+−) | |||||
| {{Physics particle|f|BR=2}}(1640) | 0+(2++)
| {{Physics particle|a|BR=6}}(2450) | 1−(6++)
| {{Physics particle|D|BR=1}}(2420)0 | {{frac|1|2}}(1+)
| {{Physics particle|χ|BR=b2}}(1P) | 0+(2++) | |||||
| {{Physics particle|η|BR=2}}(1645) | 0+(2−+)
| {{Physics particle|f|BR=6}}(2510) | 0+(6++)
| {{Physics particle|D|BR=1}}(2420)± | {{frac|1|2}}(??)
| {{Physics particle|η|BR=b}}(2S) | 0+(0−+) | |||||
| ω(1650) | 0−(1−−)
| colspan="2" align="center" |Other light | {{Physics particle|D|BR=1}}(2430)0 | {{frac|1|2}}(1+)
| Υ(2S) | 0−(1−−) | ||||||
| {{Physics particle|ω|BR=3}}(1670) | 0−(3−−)
| colspan="2" | [https://pdg.lbl.gov/2020/listings/rpp2020-list-further-states.pdf Further States] | {{Physics particle|D|TR=*|BR=2}}(2460)0 | {{frac|1|2}}(2+)
| Υ(1D) | 0−(2−−) | ||||||
| {{Physics particle|π|BR=2}}(1670) | 1−(2−+)
| rowspan="12" colspan="2" |Further states | {{Physics particle|D|TR=*|BR=2}}(2460)± | {{frac|1|2}}(2+)
| {{Physics particle|χ|BR=b0}}(2P) | 0+(0++) | ||||||
| rowspan="11" colspan="2" |
| D(2550)0 | {{frac|1|2}}(0−)
| {{Physics particle|χ|BR=b1}}(2P) | 0+(1++) | |||||||
| D(2600) | {{frac|1|2}}(??)
| {{Physics particle|h|BR=b}}(2P) | 0−(1+−) | |||||||
| {{Physics particle|D|TR=*}}(2640)± | {{frac|1|2}}(??)
| {{Physics particle|χ|BR=b2}}(2P) | 0+(2++) | |||||||
| D(2750) | {{frac|1|2}}(??)
| Υ(3S) | 0−(1−−) | |||||||
| rowspan="7" colspan="2" |
| {{Physics particle|χ|BR=b}}(3P) | ??(??+) | ||||||||
| Υ(4S) | 0−(1−−) | ||||||||
| X(10610)± | 1+(1+) | ||||||||
| X(10610)0 | 1+(1+) | ||||||||
| X(10650)± | ?+(1+) | ||||||||
| Υ(10860) | 0−(1−−) | ||||||||
| Υ(11020) | 0−(1−−) |
Mesons named with the letter "f" are scalar mesons (as opposed to a pseudo-scalar meson), and mesons named with the letter "a" are axial-vector mesons (as opposed to an ordinary vector meson) a.k.a. an isoscalar vector meson, while the letters "b" and "h" refer to axial-vector mesons with positive parity, negative C-parity, and quantum numbers IG of 1+ and 0− respectively.Kan Chen, et al., "Light axial vector mesons" Phys. Rev. D 91, 074025 (2015) doi: 10.1103/PhysRevD.91.074025 open access copy available at https://arxiv.org/abs/1501.07766
The, "f", "a", "b" and "h" mesons are not listed in the tables below and their internal structure and quark content is a matter of ongoing investigation.
{{cite journal
|first1=M. |last1=Tanabashi
|display-authors=etal
|collaboration=Particle Data Group
|year=2018
|title=Review of scalar mesons
|journal=Physical Review D
|volume=98 |page=030001
|doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.98.030001
|bibcode=2018PhRvD..98c0001T
|url=http://pdg.lbl.gov/2019/reviews/rpp2018-rev-scalar-mesons.pdf
}}
{{cite conference
|first1=Eef |last1=van Beveren
|first2=George |last2=Rupp
|title=Scalar and axial-vector mesons
|type=plenary talk
|conference=IVth International Conference on Quarks and Nuclear Physics (QNP06)
|place=Madrid, ES
|date=5–10 June 2006
|arxiv=hep-ph/0610199
|edition=with subsequent corrections
}}
The particle described in the table above as f0(500) has historically been known by two other names: f0(600) and σ (sigma).
{{cite journal
|first=J.R. |last=Pelaez
|year=2016
|title=From controversy to precision on the sigma meson: A review on the status of the non-ordinary resonance
|journal=Physics Reports
|volume=658
|pages=1–111
|doi=10.1016/j.physrep.2016.09.001
|arxiv=1510.00653
|bibcode=2016PhR...658....1P
|s2cid=118569293
|quote=The existence and properties of the sigma meson have been controversial for almost six decades, despite playing a central role in the spontaneous chiral symmetry of QCD or in the nucleon–nucleon attraction. This controversy has also been fed by the strong indications that it is not an ordinary quark–antiquark meson.
}}
A complete set of meson naming conventions is set forth in a 2017 review article for the Particle Data Group which also contains a table mapping pre-2016 common names to the new Particle Data Group standard naming conventions for XYZ mesons.
{{cite journal
|first1=C. |last1=Patrignani
|display-authors=etal
|collaboration=Particle Data Group
|title=Revised naming-scheme for hadrons
|journal=Chin. Phys. C
|volume=40 |page=100001
|year=2016
}}
{{cite web
|title=2017 update
|url=http://pdg.lbl.gov/2017/reviews/rpp2017-rev-naming-scheme-hadrons.pdf
}}
Meson properties
The following lists details for all known and predicted pseudoscalar (JP = 0−) and vector (JP = 1−) mesons.
The properties and quark content of the particles are tabulated below; for the corresponding antiparticles, simply change quarks into antiquarks (and vice versa) and flip the sign of Q, B, S, C, and B′. Particles with † next to their names have been predicted by the standard model but not yet observed. Values in {{color|red|red}} have not been firmly established by experiments, but are predicted by the quark model and are consistent with the measurements.
=Pseudoscalar mesons=
| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; width:100%;"
|+ Pseudoscalar mesons |
| class=unsortable | Particle name ! Particle ! Antiparticle ! class=unsortable | Quark ! width="50" | S ! width="50" | C ! width="50" | B' ! Mean lifetime (s) ! class=unsortable | Commonly decays to |
|---|
| style="text-align:left" | PionK.A. Olive et al. (2014): [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-pi-plus-minus.pdf Particle listings – {{Subatomic particle|Pion+-}}]
| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Pion+}} | {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Pion-}} | {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Up quark}}{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Down antiquark}} | {{sort|0139.57018|{{val|139.57018|0.00035}}}} | 1− | 0− | 0 | 0 | 0 | {{sort |
| 08.2|{{val|2.6033|0.0005|e=-8}}}}
| {{nowrap|{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Antimuon}} + {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Muon neutrino}}}} |
| style="text-align:left"|PionK.A. Olive et al. (2014): [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-pi-zero.pdf Particle listings – {{Subatomic particle|Pion0}}]
| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Pion0}} | Self | {{nowrap|{{ref|quarkcontent|[a]}}}} | {{sort|0134.9766|{{val|134.9766|0.0006}}}} | 1− | 0−+ | 0 | 0 | 0 | {{sort |
| 17|{{val|8.52|0.18|e=-17}}}}
| {{nowrap|{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Photon}} + {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Photon}}}} |
| style="text-align:left"|Eta mesonK.A. Olive et al. (2014): [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-eta.pdf Particle listings – {{Subatomic particle|Eta}}]
| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Eta}} | Self | {{nowrap|{{ref|quarkcontent|[a]}}}} | {{sort|0547.862|{{val|547.862|0.018}}}} | 0+ | 0−+ | 0 | 0 | 0 | {{sort |
| 19|{{val|5.02|0.19|e=-19}}{{ref|Lifetime|[b]}}}}
| {{nowrap|{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Photon}} + {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Photon}}}} or |
| style="text-align:left"|Eta prime mesonK.A. Olive et al. (2014): [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-eta-prime-958.pdf Particle listings – {{Subatomic particle|Eta prime}}]
| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Eta prime}}(958) | Self | {{nowrap|{{ref|quarkcontent|[a]}}}} | {{sort|0957.78|{{val|957.78|0.06}}}} | 0+ | 0−+ | 0 | 0 | 0 | {{sort |
| 21|{{val|3.32|0.15|e=-21}}{{ref|Lifetime|[b]}}}}
| {{nowrap|{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Pion+}} + {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Pion-}} + {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Eta}} or}} |
| style="text-align:left"|Charmed eta mesonK.A. Olive et al. (2014): [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2010/listings/rpp2010-list-eta-c-1S.pdf Particle listings – {{Subatomic particle|Charmed eta}}]
| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Charmed eta}}(1S) | Self | {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|charm quark}}{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|charm antiquark}} | {{val|fmt=commas|2983.6|0.7}} | 0+ | 0−+ | 0 | 0 | 0 | {{sort |
| 23|{{val|2.04|0.05|e=-23}}{{ref|Lifetime|[b]}}}}
| [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2010/listings/rpp2010-list-eta-c-1S.pdf See {{Subatomic particle|Charmed eta}} decay modes] |
| style="text-align:left"|Bottom eta mesonK.A. Olive et al. (2014): [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-eta-b-1S.pdf Particle listings – {{Subatomic particle|Bottom eta}}]
| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Bottom eta}}(1S) | Self | {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Bottom quark}}{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Bottom antiquark}} | {{val|fmt=commas|9398.0|3.2}} | {{color|red|0}}{{color|red|+}} | {{color|red|0}}{{color|red|−}}+ | 0 | 0 | 0 | {{sort |
| 23|{{val|6.58|0.15|e=-23}}{{ref|Lifetime|[b]}}}}
| [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-eta-b-1S.pdf See {{Subatomic particle|Bottom eta}} decay modes] |
| style="text-align:left"|KaonK.A. Olive et al. (2014): [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-K-plus-minus.pdf Particle listings – {{Subatomic particle|Kaon+-}}]
| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Kaon+}} | {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Kaon-}} | {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Up quark}}{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Strange antiquark}} | {{sort|0493.677|{{val|493.677|0.016}}}} | {{frac|1|2}} | 0− | 1 | 0 | 0 | {{sort |
| 08.3|{{val|1.2380|0.0021|e=-8}}}}
| {{nowrap|{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Antimuon}} + {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Muon neutrino}} or}} |
| style="text-align:left"|KaonK.A. Olive et al. (2014): [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-K-zero.pdf Particle listings – {{Subatomic particle|Kaon0}}]
| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Kaon0}} | {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Antikaon0}} | {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Down quark}}{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Strange antiquark}} | {{sort|0497.614|{{val|497.614|0.024}}}} | {{frac|1|2}} | 0− | 1 | 0 | 0 | {{ref|strongforce|[c]}} | {{ref|strongforce|[c]}} |
| style="text-align:left"|K-ShortK.A. Olive et al. (2014): [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-K-zero-S.pdf Particle listings – {{Subatomic particle|K-short0}}]
| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|K-short0}} | Self | {{nowrap|{{ref|Kaon|[e]}}}} | {{sort|0497.614|{{val|497.614|0.024}}}}{{ref|Kaonmass|[d]}} | {{frac|1|2}} | 0− | (*) | 0 | 0 | {{sort |
| 11|{{val|8.954|0.004|e=-11}}}}
| {{nowrap|{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|pion+}} + {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|pion-}} or}} {{nowrap|{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|pion0}} + {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|pion0}}}} |
| style="text-align:left"|K-LongK.A. Olive et al. (2014): [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-K-zero-L.pdf Particle listings – {{Subatomic particle|k-long0}}]
| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|K-long0}} | Self | {{nowrap|{{ref|Kaon|[e]}}}} | {{sort|0497.614|{{val|497.614|0.024}}}}{{ref|Kaonmass|[d]}} | {{frac|1|2}} | 0− | (*) | 0 | 0 | {{sort |
| 08.1|{{val|5.116|0.021|e=-8}}}}
| {{nowrap|{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Pion+-}} + {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|electron-+}} + {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Electron neutrino}} or}} |
| style="text-align:left"|D mesonK.A. Olive et al. (2014): [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-D-plus-minus.pdf Particle listings – {{Subatomic particle|D+-}}]
| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|D+}} | {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|D-}} | {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Charm quark}}{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Down antiquark}} | {{val|fmt=commas|1869.61|0.10}} | {{frac|1|2}} | 0− | 0 | +1 | 0 | {{sort |
| 12.4|{{val|1.040|0.007|e=-12}}}}
| [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-D-plus-minus.pdf See {{Subatomic particle|D+}} decay modes] |
| style="text-align:left"|D mesonK.A. Olive et al. (2014): [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-D-zero.pdf Particle listings – {{Subatomic particle|D0}}]
| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|D0}} | {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|AntiD0}} | {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Charm quark}}{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|up antiquark}} | {{val|fmt=commas|1864.84|0.07}} | {{frac|1|2}} | 0− | 0 | +1 | 0 | {{sort |
| 13.3|{{val|4.101|0.015|e=-13}}}}
| [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-D-zero.pdf See {{Subatomic particle|D0}} decay modes] |
| style="text-align:left" | strange D mesonK.A. Olive et al. (2014): [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-Ds-plus-minus.pdf Particle listings – {{Subatomic particle|Strange D+-}}]
| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Strange D+}} | {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Strange D-}} | {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Charm quark}}{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|strange antiquark}} | {{val|fmt=commas|1968.30|0.11}} | 0 | 0{{color|red|−}} | +1 | +1 | 0 | {{sort |
| 13.1|{{val|5.00|0.07|e=-13}}}}
| [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-Ds-plus-minus.pdf See {{Subatomic particle|Strange D+}} decay modes] |
| style="text-align:left" | B mesonK.A. Olive et al. (2014): [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-B-plus-minus.pdf Particle listings – {{Subatomic particle|B+-}}]
| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|B+}} | {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|B-}} | {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|up quark}}{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|bottom antiquark}} | {{val|fmt=commas|5279.26|0.17}} | {{color|red|{{frac|1|2}}}} | {{color|red|0}}{{color|red|−}} | 0 | 0 | +1 | {{sort |
| 12.1|{{val|1.638|0.004|e=-12}}}}
| [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-B-plus-minus.pdf See {{Subatomic particle|B+}} decay modes] |
| style="text-align:left" | B mesonK.A. Olive et al. (2014): [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-B-zero.pdf Particle listings – {{Subatomic particle|B0}}]
| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|B0}} | {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|AntiB0}} | {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Down quark}}{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Bottom antiquark}} | {{val|fmt=commas|5279.58|0.17}} | {{color|red|{{frac|1|2}}}} | {{color|red|0}}{{color|red|−}} | 0 | 0 | +1 | {{sort |
| 12.2|{{val|1.519|0.009|e=-12}}}}
| [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-B-zero.pdf See {{Subatomic particle|B0}} decay modes] |
| style="text-align:left" | Strange B mesonK.A. Olive et al. (2014): [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-Bs-zero.pdf Particle listings – {{Subatomic particle|Strange B0}}]
| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Strange B0}} | {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Strange AntiB0}} | {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|strange quark}}{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Bottom antiquark}} | {{val|fmt=commas|5366.77|0.24}} | {{color|red|0}} | {{color|red|0}}{{color|red|−}} | −1 | 0 | +1 | {{sort |
| 12.3|{{val|1.512|0.007|e=-12}}}}
| [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-Bs-zero.pdf See {{Subatomic particle|Strange B0}} decay modes] |
| style="text-align:left" | Charmed B mesonK.A. Olive et al. (2014): [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-Bc-plus-minus.pdf Particle listings – {{Subatomic particle|Charmed B+-}}]
| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Charmed B+}} | {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Charmed B-}} | {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Charm quark}}{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|bottom antiquark}} | {{val|fmt=commas|6275.6|1.1}} | {{color|red|0}} | {{color|red|0}}{{color|red|−}} | 0 | +1 | +1 | {{sort |
| 13.2|{{val|4.52|0.33|e=-13}}}}
| [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-Bc-plus-minus.pdf See {{Subatomic particle|Charmed B+}} decay modes] |
[a] {{note|quarkcontent}} Makeup inexact due to non-zero quark masses.
[b] {{note|Lifetime}} PDG reports the resonance width (Γ). Here the conversion τ = {{frac|ħ|Γ}} is given instead.
[c] {{note|strongforce}}Strong eigenstate. No definite lifetime (see kaon notes below)
[d] {{note|Kaonmass}} The mass of the {{Subatomic particle|K-long0}} and {{Subatomic particle|K-short0}} are given as that of the {{Subatomic particle|Kaon0}}. However, it is known that a difference between the masses of the {{Subatomic particle|K-long0}} and {{Subatomic particle|K-short0}} on the order of {{val|2.2|e=-11|u=MeV/c2}} exists.
[e] {{note|Kaon}}Weak eigenstate. Makeup is missing small CP–violating term (see notes on neutral kaons below).
=Vector mesons=
| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center; width:100%"
|+Vector mesons |
| class=unsortable | Particle name ! Particle ! Antiparticle ! class=unsortable | Quark ! width="50" | S ! width="50" | C ! width="50" | B' ! Mean lifetime (s) ! class=unsortable | Commonly decays to |
|---|
| style="text-align:left" | Charged rho mesonK.A. Olive et al. (2014): [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-rho-770.pdf Particle listings – {{Subatomic particle|rho}}]
| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Rho+}}(770) | {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Rho-}}(770) | {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Up quark}}{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Down antiquark}} | {{sort|0775.11|{{val|775.11|0.34}}}} | 1+ | 1− | 0 | 0 | 0 | {{sort |
| 24|{{val|4.41|0.02|e=-24}}{{ref|Lifetime2|[f]}}{{ref|Lifetime3|[g]}}}}
| {{nowrap|{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Pion+-}} + {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Pion0}}}} |
| style="text-align:left" | Neutral rho meson
| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Rho0}}(770) | Self | {{nowrap|}} | {{sort|0775.26|{{val|775.26|0.25}}}} | 1+ | 1−− | 0 | 0 | 0 | {{sort |
| 24|{{val|4.45|0.03|e=-24}}{{ref|Lifetime2|[f]}}{{ref|Lifetime3|[g]}}}}
| {{nowrap|{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Pion+}} + {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Pion-}}}} |
| style="text-align:left" | Omega mesonK.A. Olive et al. (2014): [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-omega-782.pdf Particle listings – {{Subatomic particle|Omega meson}}(782)]
| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|omega meson}}(782) | Self | {{nowrap|}} | {{sort|0783|{{val|782.65|0.12}}}} | 0− | 1−− | 0 | 0 | 0 | {{sort |
| 23|{{val|7.75|0.07|e=-23}}{{ref|Lifetime2|[f]}}}}
| {{nowrap|{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Pion+}} + {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Pion0}} + {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Pion-}} or}} |
| style="text-align:left" | Phi mesonK.A. Olive et al. (2014): [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-phi-1020.pdf Particle listings – {{Subatomic particle|Phi meson}}]
| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Phi meson}}(1020) | Self | {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Strange quark}}{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Strange antiquark}} | {{val|fmt=commas|1019.461|0.019}} | 0− | 1−− | 0 | 0 | 0 | {{sort |
| 22.3|{{val|1.54|0.01|e=-22}}{{ref|Lifetime2|[f]}}}}
| {{nowrap|{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Kaon+}} + {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Kaon-}} or}} |
| style="text-align:left" | J/PsiK.A. Olive et al. (2014): [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-J-psi-1S.pdf Particle listings – J/Ψ]
| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|J/Psi}} | Self | {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Charm quark}}{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Charm antiquark}} | {{val|fmt=commas|3096.916|0.011}} | 0− | 1−− | 0 | 0 | 0 | {{sort |
| 21.1|{{val|7.09|0.21|e=-21}}{{ref|Lifetime2|[f]}}}}
| [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-J-psi-1S.pdf See {{Subatomic particle|J/psi}}(1S) decay modes] |
| style="text-align:left" | Upsilon mesonK.A. Olive et al. (2014): [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-upsilon-1S.pdf Particle listings – {{Subatomic particle|Upsilon}}(1S)]
| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Upsilon}}(1S) | Self | {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|bottom quark}}{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|bottom antiquark}} | {{val|fmt=commas|9460.30|0.26}} | 0− | 1−− | 0 | 0 | 0 | {{sort |
| 20.3|{{val|1.22|0.03|e=-20}}{{ref|Lifetime2|[f]}}}}
| [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-upsilon-1S.pdf See {{Subatomic particle|Upsilon}}(1S) decay modes] |
| style="text-align:left" | KaonK.A. Olive et al. (2014): [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-K-star-892.pdf Particle listings – {{Subatomic particle|Kaon*}}(892)]
| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Kaon*+}} | {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Kaon*-}} | {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Up quark}}{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Strange antiquark}} | {{sort|0892|{{val|891.66|0.26}}}} | {{frac|1|2}} | 1− | 1 | 0 | 0 | {{sort |
| 23.1|{{val|3.26|0.06|e=-23}}{{ref|Lifetime2|[f]}}{{ref|Lifetime3|[g]}}}}
| [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-K-star-892.pdf See {{Subatomic particle|Kaon*}}(892) decay modes] |
| style="text-align:left" | Kaon
| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Kaon*0}} | {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Antikaon*0}} | {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Down quark}}{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Strange antiquark}} | {{sort|0896|{{val|895.81|0.19}}}} | {{frac|1|2}} | 1− | 1 | 0 | 0 | {{sort |
| 20.2|{{val|1.39|0.02|e=-23}}{{ref|Lifetime2|[f]}}}}
| [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-K-star-892.pdf See {{Subatomic particle|Kaon*}}(892) decay modes] |
| style="text-align:left" | D mesonK.A. Olive et al. (2014): [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-D-star-2010-plus-minus.pdf Particle listings – {{Subatomic particle|D*+-}}(2010)]
| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|D*+}}(2010) | {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|D*-}}(2010) | {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Charm quark}}{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Down antiquark}} | {{val|fmt=commas|2010.26|0.07}} | {{color|red|{{frac|1|2}}}} | {{color|red|1}}{{color|red|−}} | 0 | +1 | 0 | {{sort |
| 21.2|{{val|7.89|0.17|e=-21}}{{ref|Lifetime2|[f]}}}}
| {{nowrap|{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|D0}} + {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Pion+}} or}} |
| style="text-align:left" | D mesonK.A. Olive et al. (2014): [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-D-star-2007-zero.pdf Particle listings – {{Subatomic particle|D*0}}(2007)]
| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|D*0}}(2007) | {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|AntiD*0}}(2007) | {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Charm quark}}{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|up antiquark}} | {{val|fmt=commas|2006.96|0.10}} | {{color|red|{{frac|1|2}}}} | {{color|red|1}}{{color|red|−}} | 0 | +1 | 0 | {{sort |
| 22.2|>{{val|3.1|e=-22}}{{ref|Lifetime2|[f]}}}}
| {{nowrap|{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|D0}} + {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Pion0}} or}} |
| style="text-align:left" | Strange D mesonK.A. Olive et al. (2014): [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-Ds-star-plus-minus.pdf Particle listings – {{Subatomic particle|Strange D*+-}}]
| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Strange D*+}} | {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Strange D*-}} | {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Charm quark}}{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|strange antiquark}} | {{val|fmt=commas|2112.1|0.4}} | {{color|red|0}} | {{color|red|1}}{{color|red|−}} | +1 | +1 | 0 | {{sort |
| 22.1|>{{val|3.4|e=-22}}{{ref|Lifetime2|[f]}}}}
| {{nowrap|{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|D*+}} + {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Photon}} or}} |
| style="text-align:left" | B mesonK.A. Olive et al. (2014): [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-B-star.pdf Particle listings – {{Subatomic particle|B*}}]
| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|B*+}} | {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|B*-}} | {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|up quark}}{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|bottom antiquark}} | {{val|fmt=commas|5325.2|0.4}} | {{color|red|{{frac|1|2}}}} | {{color|red|1}}{{color|red|−}} | 0 | 0 | +1 | Unknown | {{nowrap|{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|B+}} + {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Photon}}}} |
| style="text-align:left" | B meson
| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|B*0}} | {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|AntiB*0}} | {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Down quark}}{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Bottom antiquark}} | {{val|fmt=commas|5325.2|0.4}} | {{color|red|{{frac|1|2}}}} | {{color|red|1}}{{color|red|−}} | 0 | 0 | +1 | Unknown | {{nowrap|{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|B0}} + {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Photon}}}} |
| style="text-align:left" | Strange B mesonK.A. Olive et al. (2014): [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-Bs-star.pdf Particle listings – {{Subatomic particle|Strange B*}}]
| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Strange B*0}} | {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Strange AntiB*0}} | {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|strange quark}}{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Bottom antiquark}} | {{val|fmt=commas|5415.4|+2.4 |
| 2.1}}
| {{color|red|0}} | {{color|red|1}}{{color|red|−}} | −1 | 0 | +1 | Unknown | {{nowrap|{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Strange B0}}+{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Photon}}}} |
| style="text-align:left" | Charmed B meson†
| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Charmed B*+}} | {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Charmed B*-}} | {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Charm quark}}{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|bottom antiquark}} | Unknown | {{color|red|0}} | {{color|red|1}}{{color|red|−}} | 0 | +1 | +1 | Unknown | Unknown |
[f] {{note|Lifetime2}} PDG reports the resonance width (Γ). Here the conversion τ = {{frac|ħ|Γ}} is given instead.
[g] {{note|Lifetime3}} The exact value depends on the method used. See the given reference for detail.
=Notes on neutral kaons=
There are two complications with neutral kaons:
- Due to neutral kaon mixing, the {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|K-short0}} and {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|K-long0}} are not eigenstates of strangeness. However, they are eigenstates of the weak force, which determines how they decay, so these are the particles with definite lifetime.
- The linear combinations given in the table for the {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|K-short0}} and {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|K-long0}} are not exactly correct, since there is a small correction due to CP violation. See CP violation in kaons.
Note that these issues also exist in principle for other neutral flavored mesons; however, the weak eigenstates are considered separate particles only for kaons because of their dramatically different lifetimes.J.W. Cronin (1980)
See also
References
{{Reflist|2}}
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{{refend}}
External links
- Particle Data Group: The Review of Particle Physics; [https://pdglive.lbl.gov/ParticleGroup.action?sumtab pdgLive – Meson Summary Table]
- [https://www.thingsmadethinkable.com/item/mesons.php Mesons made thinkable], an interactive visualisation allowing physical properties to be compared
{{particles}}