List of missions to Venus#Under development

! Spacecraft

! Launch date{{cite web|url=http://planet4589.org/space/log/launchlog.txt|title=Launch Log|first=Jonathan|last=McDowell|work=Jonathan's Space Page|access-date=21 January 2013}}

! width=80|Operator

! Mission

! Outcome

! class=unsortable|Remarks

! Carrier rocket{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sat/ip_probe.htm|title=Interplanetary Probes|work=Gunter's Space Page|first=Gunter|last=Krebs|access-date=21 January 2013}}

| {{dts|4 February 1961}}

| OKB-1
{{USSR}}

| Impactor{{cite book|chapter-url=https://history.nasa.gov/monograph24/1961.pdf|last=Siddiqi|first=Asif A.|title=Deep Space Chronicle: A Chronology of Deep Space and Planetary Probes 1958-2000|series=Monographs in Aerospace History, No. 24|date=2002|publisher=NASA History Office|chapter=1961|pages=29–32}}

| {{no|{{hs|0}}Launch failure}}

| Power transformer failure, upper stage failed to ignite, never left LEO

| Molniya

| {{dts|12 February 1961}}

| OKB-1
{{USSR}}

| Impactor

| {{no2|{{hs|1}}Spacecraft failure}}

| Communications failure. First flyby past another planet, on 19 May 1961 at less than {{convert|100000|km}}; no data returned

| Molniya

| {{dts|22 July 1962}}

| NASA
{{US}}

| Flyby

| {{no|{{hs|0}}Launch failure}}

| Failed to orbit Earth; destroyed by range safety following guidance failure{{cite book|chapter-url=https://history.nasa.gov/monograph24/1962.pdf|last=Siddiqi|first=Asif A.|title=Deep Space Chronicle: A Chronology of Deep Space and Planetary Probes 1958-2000|series=Monographs in Aerospace History, No. 24|date=2002|publisher=NASA History Office|chapter=1962|pages=34–37}}

| {{hs|Atlas-Agena B}}Atlas-LV3 Agena-B

| {{dts|25 August 1962}}

| OKB-1
{{USSR}}

| Lander

| {{no|{{hs|0}}Launch failure}}

| Premature upper stage cutoff due to ullage motor malfunction; never left LEO

| Molniya

| {{dts|27 August 1962}}

| NASA
{{USA}}

| Flyby

| {{yes|{{hs|4}}Successful}}

| First successful flyby past another planet on 14 December 1962

| {{hs|Atlas-Agena B}}Atlas-LV3 Agena-B

| {{dts|1 September 1962}}

| OKB-1
{{USSR}}

| Lander

| {{no|{{hs|0}}Launch failure}}

| Upper stage fuel valve failed to open, resulting in failure to ignite; never left LEO

| Molniya

| {{dts|12 September 1962}}

| OKB-1
{{USSR}}

| Flyby

| {{no|{{hs|0}}Launch failure}}

| Anomalous third stage cutoff resulted in air bubbles forming in fourth stage fuel; fourth stage shut down less than a second after ignition; failed to leave LEO

| Molniya

| {{dts|19 February 1964}}

| OKB-1
{{USSR}}

| Flyby

| {{no|{{hs|0}}Launch failure}}

| Third stage oxidizer leak caused propellant to freeze in feed lines, which subsequently cracked; failed to orbit{{cite book|chapter-url=https://history.nasa.gov/monograph24/1964.pdf|last=Siddiqi|first=Asif A.|title=Deep Space Chronicle: A Chronology of Deep Space and Planetary Probes 1958-2000|series=Monographs in Aerospace History, No. 24|date=2002|publisher=NASA History Office|chapter=1964|pages=41–45}}

| Molniya-M

| {{dts|27 March 1964}}

| OKB-1
{{USSR}}

| Flyby/Lander

| {{no|{{hs|0}}Launch failure}}

| Upper stage attitude control failure, never left LEO

| Molniya-M

| {{dts|2 April 1964}}

| OKB-1
{{USSR}}

| Flyby/Lander

| {{no2|{{hs|1}}Spacecraft failure}}

| Electronics shorted out, communications lost before flyby. Flew past Venus on 14 July 1964.

| Molniya-M

| {{dts|12 November 1965}}

| OKB-1
{{USSR}}

| Flyby

| {{no2|{{hs|1}}Spacecraft failure}}

| Flew past Venus on 27 February 1966, closest approach at 02:52 UTC. Communications lost after flyby, before any data could be returned.{{cite book|chapter-url=https://history.nasa.gov/monograph24/1965.pdf|last=Siddiqi|first=Asif A.|title=Deep Space Chronicle: A Chronology of Deep Space and Planetary Probes 1958-2000|series=Monographs in Aerospace History, No. 24|date=2002|publisher=NASA History Office|chapter=1965|pages=47–52}}

| Molniya-M

| {{dts|16 November 1965}}

| OKB-1
{{USSR}}

| Lander

| {{no2|{{hs|1}}Spacecraft failure}}

| Communications lost as soon as spacecraft entered atmosphere on 1 March 1966, no data returned. First atmospheric entry and impact on another planet.

| Molniya-M

| {{dts|23 November 1965}}

| OKB-1
{{USSR}}

| Flyby

| {{no|{{hs|0}}Launch failure}}

| Third stage combustion chamber exploded, resulting in loss of control, upper stage failed to ignite; Never left LEO

| Molniya-M

| {{dts|12 June 1967}}

| Lavochkin
{{USSR}}

| Atmospheric

| {{yes|{{hs|4}}Successful}}

| Returned atmospheric data during entry on 18 October 1967. First successful atmospheric entry. Never intended to work on surface{{cite web|url=http://mentallandscape.com/V_Lavochkin1.htm|title=Venera-4: Plumbing the Atmosphere of Venus}}

| Molniya-M

| {{dts|14 June 1967}}

| NASA
{{US}}

| Flyby

| {{yes|{{hs|4}}Successful}}

| Flyby on 19 October 1967, closest approach at 17:34:56 UTC{{cite book|chapter-url=https://history.nasa.gov/monograph24/1967.pdf|last=Siddiqi|first=Asif A.|title=Deep Space Chronicle: A Chronology of Deep Space and Planetary Probes 1958-2000|series=Monographs in Aerospace History, No. 24|date=2002|publisher=NASA History Office|chapter=1967|pages=61–68}}

| {{hs|Atlas-Agena D}}Atlas SLV-3 Agena-D

| {{dts|17 June 1967}}

| Lavochkin
{{USSR}}

| Lander

| {{no|{{hs|0}}Launch failure}}

| Upper stage failed to ignite; turbopump cooling malfunction. Never left LEO

| Molniya-M

| {{dts|5 January 1969}}

| Lavochkin
{{USSR}}

| Atmospheric

| {{yes|{{hs|4}}Successful}}

| Entered atmosphere on 16 May 1969, operated for 53 minutes

| Molniya-M

| {{dts|10 January 1969}}

| Lavochkin
{{USSR}}

| Atmospheric

| {{yes|{{hs|4}}Successful}}

| Entered atmosphere on 17 May 1969, operated for 51 minutes

| Molniya-M

| {{dts|17 August 1970}}

| Lavochkin
{{USSR}}

| Lander

| {{partial|{{hs|2}}Partial success}}

| Landed at 05:37:10 UTC on 15 December 1970, rolled upon landing and returned severely limited data. First soft landing on another planet.

| Molniya-M

| {{dts|22 August 1970}}

| Lavochkin
{{USSR}}

| Lander

| {{no|{{hs|0}}Launch failure}}

| Never left LEO

| Molniya-M

| {{dts|27 March 1972}}

| Lavochkin
{{USSR}}

| Lander

| {{yes|{{hs|4}}Successful}}

| Landed at 09:32 UTC on 22 July 1972. First fully successful landing on another planet.

| Molniya-M

| {{dts|31 March 1972}}

| Lavochkin
{{USSR}}

| Lander

| {{no|{{hs|0}}Launch failure}}

| Never left LEO

| Molniya-M

| {{dts|3 November 1973}}

| NASA
{{US}}

| Flyby

| {{yes|{{hs|4}}Successful}}

| Flyby on 5 February 1974; closest approach at 17:01 UTC; observed Venus and performed gravity assist to reach Mercury

| {{hs|Atlas-Centaur D1A}}Atlas SLV-3D Centaur-D1A

| {{dts|8 June 1975}}

| Lavochkin
{{USSR}}

| {{hs|Lander/O}}Orbiter/Lander

| {{yes|{{hs|4}}Successful}}

| Entered orbit on 20 October 1975; lander landed at 05:13 UTC on 22 October. First orbiter of Venus and first images from the surface of another planet.

| Proton-K/D

| {{dts|14 June 1975}}

| Lavochkin
{{USSR}}

| {{hs|Lander/O}}Orbiter/Lander

| {{yes|{{hs|4}}Successful}}

| Entered orbit on 23 October 1975; lander landed at 05:17 UTC on 25 October

| Proton-K/D

| {{dts|9 September 1978}}

| Lavochkin
{{USSR}}

| {{hs|Lander/F}}Flyby/Lander

| {{yes2|{{hs|3}}Mostly successful}}

| Flyby on 25 December; Lander landed at 03:24 UTC the same day. Multiple instrument failures on lander

| Proton-K/D-1

| {{dts|14 September 1978}}

| Lavochkin
{{USSR}}

| {{hs|Lander/F}}Flyby/Lander

| {{yes2|{{hs|3}}{{nowrap|Mostly successful}}}}

| Lander landed at 03:20 UTC on 21 December 1978. Both cameras on lander failed

| Proton-K/D-1

| {{dts|20 May 1978}}

| NASA
{{US}}

| Orbiter

| {{yes|{{hs|4}}Successful}}

| Entered orbit on 4 December 1978, decayed on 22 October 1992

| {{hs|Atlas-Centaur D1AR}}{{nowrap|Atlas SLV-3D Centaur-D1AR}}

| {{dts|8 August 1978}}

| NASA
{{US}}

| Atmospheric

| {{yes|{{hs|4}}Successful}}

| Entered the atmosphere on 9 December 1978; consisted of five spacecraft, two of which continued transmitting after reaching the surface{{cite web|url=http://www.drewexmachina.com/2016/06/13/nasas-unintentional-venus-lander/|title=NASA's Unintentional Venus Lander|date=June 13, 2016|access-date=March 18, 2017}}

| {{hs|Atlas-Centaur D1AR}}Atlas SLV-3D Centaur-D1AR

| {{dts|30 October 1981}}

| Lavochkin
{{USSR}}

| {{hs|Lander/F}}Flyby/Lander

| {{yes|{{hs|4}}Successful}}

| Lander landed at 03:20 UTC on 1 March 1982. First recording of sounds from another planet.

| Proton-K/D-1

| {{dts|4 November 1981}}

| Lavochkin
{{USSR}}

| {{hs|Lander/F}}Flyby/Lander

| {{yes|{{hs|4}}Successful}}

| Lander landed on 5 March 1982.

| Proton-K/D-1

| {{dts|2 June 1983}}

| Lavochkin
{{USSR}}

| Orbiter

| {{yes|{{hs|4}}Successful}}

| Entered orbit 10 October 1983, operated until July 1984

| Proton-K/D-1

| {{dts|7 June 1983}}

| Lavochkin
{{USSR}}

| Orbiter

| {{yes|{{hs|4}}Successful}}

| Entered orbit 11 October 1983, operated until July 1984

| Proton-K/D-1

| {{dts|15 December 1984}}

| Lavochkin
{{USSR}}

| {{hs|Lander/FA}}Flyby/Atmospheric/Lander

| {{yes2|{{hs|3}}Mostly successful}}

| Landed 11 June 1985. Atmospheric probe deployed during entry operated for two days. Main bus continued to explore comet 1P/Halley

| Proton-K/D-1

| {{dts|21 December 1984}}

| Lavochkin
{{USSR}}

| {{hs|Lander/FA}}Flyby/Atmospheric/Lander

| {{yes|{{hs|4}}Successful}}

| Landed 15 June 1985. Atmospheric probe deployed during entry operated for two days. Main bus continued to explore comet 1P/Halley

| Proton-K/D-1

| {{dts|4 May 1989}}

| NASA
{{US}}

| Orbiter

| {{yes|{{hs|4}}Successful}}

| Entered orbit 10 October 1990, deorbited 13 October 1994

| {{OV|104}}
STS-30 / IUS

| Galileo

| {{dts|18 October 1989}}

| NASA
{{US}}

| Gravity assist at Venus

| {{yes|{{hs|4}}Successful}}

| Flyby on 10 February 1990 en route to Jupiter; observed Venus during closest pass.

| {{OV|104}}
STS-34 / IUS

| Cassini

| {{dts|15 October 1997}}

| NASA
{{US}}

| Gravity assist

| {{yes|{{hs|4}}Successful}}

| Flybys on 26 April 1998 and 24 June 1999 en route to Saturn; observed Venus during closest pass.

| Titan IV(401)B

| MESSENGER

| {{dts|3 August 2004}}

| NASA
{{US}}

| Gravity assist

| {{yes|{{hs|4}}Successful}}

| Flybys on 24 October 2006 and 5 June 2007 en route to Mercury; observed Venus during closest pass.

| Delta II 7925H

| {{dts|9 November 2005}}

| ESA

| Orbiter

| {{yes|{{hs|5}}Successful}}

| Entered orbit 11 April 2006. Full communications lost on 28 November 2014 [http://sci.esa.int/venus-express/55141-venus-express-goes-gently-into-the-night/ ESA Science & Technology: Venus Express goes gently into the night]

| Soyuz-FG/Fregat

| {{dts|20 May 2010}}

| JAXA
{{JPN}}

| Orbiter

| {{yes2|{{hs|3}}Mostly successful}}

| Flew past Venus on 6 December 2010 after failing to enter orbit. Insertion was successfully reattempted on 7 December 2015.

Last contact April 2024

| H-IIA 202

| {{dts|20 May 2010}}

| JAXA
{{JPN}}

| Flyby

| {{yes|{{hs|4}}Successful}}

| Experimental solar sail released from the Akatsuki spacecraft. Flew past Venus on 8 December 2010 but did not make observations.

| H-IIA 202

| {{dts|20 May 2010}}

| UNISEC
{{JPN}}

| Flyby

| {{no2|{{hs|1}}Spacecraft failure}}

| Communications never established after launch. Flew past Venus in December 2010

| H-IIA 202

| Parker Solar Probe

| {{dts|12 August 2018}}

| NASA
{{US}}

| Gravity assist

| {{usually|{{hs|5}}Operational}}

| Flybys on 10 October 2018, 26 December 2019, 11 July 2020, 20 February 2021, 16 October 2021, 21 August 2023, and 6 November 2024 to lower perihelion for solar observation.

| Delta IV Heavy/Star 48BV

| BepiColombo

| {{dts|20 October 2018}}

| ESA

| Gravity assist

| {{yes|{{hs|4}}Successful}}

| Flybys on 15 October 2020 and 11 August 2021 en route to Mercury; observed Venus during closest pass.

| Ariane 5 ECA

|Solar Orbiter

|{{dts|10 February 2020}}

|ESA

|Gravity assist

| {{usually|{{hs|5}}Operational}}

|Flybys on 27 Dec 2020, 8 Aug 2021, 3 Sep 2022, 18 Feb 2025, 24 Dec 2026, 17 Mar 2028, 10 Jun 2029, and 2 Sep 2030 to adjust orbital inclination.

|Atlas V 411

| {{yes|Venera 1, 1961}} †

| {{yes|Venera 9, 1975}} †

| {{yes|Venera 3, 1966}} †

| {{yes|Venera 3, 1966}} †

| {{yes|Venera 7, 1970}} †

|{{n/a}}

| {{yes|Mariner 2, 1962}}

| {{yes|Pioneer Venus 1, 1978}}

| {{yes|Pioneer Venus 2, 1978}}

| {{yes|Pioneer Venus 2, 1978}}

| {{yes|Pioneer Venus 2, 1978}}

|{{n/a}}

| {{yes|Venus Express, 2006}}

| {{yes|Venus Express, 2006}}

|{{n/a}}

|{{n/a}}

|{{n/a}}

|{{n/a}}

| {{yes|Akatsuki, 2010}}

| {{yes|Akatsuki, 2015}}

|{{n/a}}

|{{n/a}}

|{{n/a}}

|{{n/a}}

!Country

!Agency
or company

!Successful

!Partial failure

!Failure

!Operational

!Gravity assist

!Total

|Energia

| -

| -

|11

| -

| -

|11

|14

|1

|3

| -

| -

|18

|NASA

|6

| -

|1

|1

|4

|11

|ESA

|1

| -

| -

| 1

|2

|3

|JAXA

|1

| -

| -

| -

| -

|2

| -

| -

|1

| -

| -

|1

! Name

! Operator

! Proposed
launch year

! Type

! Status

! Reference

| {{flagicon|USA}}{{flagicon|New Zealand}} MIT/Rocket Lab

| NET summer 2026

| Atmospheric probe

| under development

| {{cite web | title=Rocket Lab Mission to Venus | website=Venus Missions | url=https://www.morningstarmissions.space/rocketlabmissiontovenus | access-date=February 28, 2025}}

| {{flagicon|UAE}} UAESA

|2028

|Flyby

|under development

|{{cite web|first=Elizabeth|last=Howell|url=https://www.space.com/uae-asteroid-mission-details-landing-2034|title=UAE Asteroid Mission details|date=28 May 2023|publisher=Space.com}}{{cite web|first=Leonard|last=Davis|url=https://www.space.com/uae-asteroid-belt-mission-progress-2028-launch|title=UAE on track to launch bold 7-asteroid mission in 2028|publisher=Space.com|date=4 September 2024}}

| {{flagicon|India}} ISRO

| 29 March 2028{{Cite web |date=2024-10-01 |title=Isro announces launch date of ambitious Venus Orbiter Mission |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/science/story/isro-announces-launch-date-of-ambitious-venus-orbiter-mission-lvm-3-2609443-2024-10-01 |access-date=2024-10-02 |website=India Today |language=en}}

| Orbiter/atmospheric probe

| under development

| {{cite web |last=Jones |first=Andrew |url=https://spacenews.com/india-approves-moon-sample-return-venus-orbiter-space-station-module-and-reusable-launcher/ |title=India approves moon sample return, Venus orbiter, space station module and reusable launcher |work=SpaceNews |date=18 September 2024 |access-date=18 September 2024}}

| {{flagicon|USA}} NASA

| 2031

| Orbiter

| under development

| {{cite web |last=Howell |first=Elizabeth |url=https://www.space.com/nasa-problems-psyche-venus-probe-veritas-launch-delay |title=Problems with NASA asteroid mission Psyche delay Venus probe's launch to 2031 |work=Space.com |date=4 November 2022 |access-date=5 November 2022}}

| {{flagicon|USA}} NASA

| 2031–2032

| Atmospheric probe

| under development

| {{cite web |last=Devarakonda |first=Yaswant |url=https://aas.org/posts/advocacy/2024/03/fy25-presidential-budget-request-nasa |title=The FY25 Presidential Budget Request for NASA |work=American Astronomical Society |date=25 March 2024 |access-date=29 July 2024}}{{cite web |last=Neal Jones |first=Nancy |url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2022/nasa-s-davinci-mission-to-take-the-plunge-through-massive-atmosphere-of-venus |title=NASA's DAVINCI Mission To Take the Plunge Through Massive Atmosphere of Venus |work=NASA |date=2 June 2022 |access-date=15 July 2022}}

| 23px ESA

|2031–2032

|Orbiter

|under development

|{{cite web|url=https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/ESA_selects_revolutionary_Venus_mission_EnVision|date=10 June 2021|title=ESA selects revolutionary Venus mission EnVision|work=ESA|access-date=5 November 2022}}

! Name

! Operator

! Proposed
launch year

! Type

! Status

! Reference

| {{flagicon|China}} CNSA

| 2026

| Orbiter

| Not selected

| {{cite web |url=https://www.space.com/china-venus-mission-details |title=Andrew Jones published (July 14, 2022). "China's proposed Venus mission would investigate the planet's atmosphere and geology |work=Space.com |date=14 July 2022 |access-date=10 March 2023}}{{cite web |last1=Jones |first1=Andrew |title=Venus atmosphere sample return noted in China’s long-term space science roadmap |url=https://spacenews.com/venus-atmosphere-sample-return-noted-in-chinas-long-term-space-science-roadmap/ |website=SpaceNews |access-date=31 October 2024 |date=22 October 2024}}

| {{flagicon|Russia}} Roscosmos

| 2029

| Orbiter/Lander

| proposed

| {{cite web |last=Zak |first=Anatoly |url=http://www.russianspaceweb.com/venera-d-2021.html |title=New promise for the Venera-D project |work=RussianSpaceWeb |date=5 March 2021 |accessdate=7 March 2021}}

| {{Flagicon|USA}} NASA

| 2020

| Wind-powered surface rover

| Concept study

| {{cite news |last1=Segal |first1=Matthew |last2=Skelly |first2=Claire A. |title=NASA Wants Your Help Designing a Venus Rover Concept |url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7604 |date=21 February 2020 |work=NASA |access-date=22 February 2020 }}

| {{Flagicon|USA}} NASA

| 2017

| Orbiter

| proposed

| [https://phys.org/news/2017-08-nasa-cubesat-mission-venusian-mystery.html NASA studies CubeSat mission to solve Venusian mystery]. Lori Keesey. Published by PhysOrg. August 15, 2017.

| File:ESA logo simple.svg ESA

| 2005

| Orbiter/Lander/Balloon

| Not selected

| {{Cite journal|last1=Chassefière|first1=E.|last2=Korablev|first2=O.|last3=Imamura|first3=T.|last4=Baines|first4=K. H.|last5=Wilson|first5=C. F.|last6=Titov|first6=D. V.|last7=Aplin|first7=K. L.|last8=Balint|first8=T.|last9=Blamont|first9=J. E.|date=2009-03-01|title=European Venus Explorer (EVE): an in-situ mission to Venus|journal=Experimental Astronomy|language=en|volume=23|issue=3|pages=741–760|doi=10.1007/s10686-008-9093-x|issn=0922-6435|bibcode=2009ExA....23..741C|doi-access=free}}

| {{Flagicon|USA}} NASA

| 2015

| Crewed aircraft

| Concept study

| {{cite conference |url=https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20160006329 |title=HAVOC: High Altitude Venus Operational Concept - An Exploration Strategy for Venus |conference=SPACE 2015: AIAA Space and Astronautics Forum and Exposition. 31 August-2 September 2015. Pasadena, California. |first1=Dale |last1=Arney |first2=Chris |last2=Jones |date=2015}}

| {{Flagicon|USA}} NASA

| 2019

| Orbiter

| Concept study

| [https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EPSC-DPS2019/EPSC-DPS2019-340-2.pdf Hyperspectral Observer for Venus Reconnaissance (HOVER)]. Larry W. Esposito, and the HOVER Team. EPSC Abstracts Vol. 13, EPSC-DPS2019-340-2, 2019.

| {{Flagicon|USA}} NASA

| 2012

| Inflatable semi-buoyant aircraft

| Not selected

| [http://www.northropgrumman.com/Capabilities/VAMP/Documents/Key_Vehicle_Parameters.pdf VAMP' Key Vehicle Parameters] – Northrop Grumman

| {{Flagicon|USA}} NASA

| 2027

| Lander

| Not selected

| [http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EPSC2017/EPSC2017-346.pdf VICI: Venus In situ Composition Investigations]. (PDF) L. Glaze, J. Garvin, N. Johnson, G. Arney, D. Atkinson, S. Atreya, A. Beck, B. Bezard, J. Blacksberg, B. Campbell, S. Clegg, D. Crisp, D. Dyar, F. Forget, M. Gilmore, D. Grinspoon, Juliane Gross, S. Guzewich, N. Izenberg, J. Johnson, W. Kiefer, D. Lawrence, S. Lebonnois, R. Lorenz, P. Mahaffy, S. Maurice, M. McCanta, A. Parsons, A. Pavlov, S. Sharma, M. Trainer, C. Webster, R. Wiens, K. Zahnle, M. Zolotov. EPSC Abstracts, Vol. 11, EPSC2017-346, 2017. European Planetary Science Congress 2017.{{Cite web|date=2020-09-25|title=NASA delays Dragonfly launch by a year|url=https://spacenews.com/nasa-delays-dragonfly-launch-by-a-year/|access-date=2021-03-16|website=SpaceNews|language=en-US}}

| {{Flagicon|USA}} NASA

| 2027

| Lander

| Not selected

| [https://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2017/pdf/2444.pdf Venus In Situ Atmospheric and Geochemical Explorer (VISAGE): A Proposed New Frontiers Mission]. (PDF) Esposito, L. W. Lunar and Planetary Science XLVIII (2017)[http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EPSC2017/EPSC2017-275-1.pdf The New Frontiers Venus In Situ Atmospheric and Geochemical Explorer (VISAGE) Mission Proposal]. (PDF) L.W. Esposito, D.H. Atkinson, K.H. Baines, A. Allwood, F. Altieri, S. Atreya, M. Bullock, A. Colaprete, M. Darrach, J. Day, M. Dyar, B. Ehlmann, K. Farley, J. Filiberto, D. Grinspoon, J. Head, J. Helbert, S. Madzunkov, G. Piccioni, W. Possel, M. Ravine, A. Treiman, Y. Yung, K. Zahnle. EPSC Abstracts. Vol. 11, EPSC2017-275-1, 2017. European Planetary Science Congress 2017.

| {{Flagicon|USA}} NASA

| 2003

| Lander

| Not selected

| {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/MissionConceptVenusinsituExplorer|title=Mission Concept: Venus in situ Explorer (VISE)|last=LARRY W ESPOSITO|language=en}}

| {{Flagicon|USA}} NASA

| 1994

| Atmospheric probes

| Concept study

| [https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20020038535 Venus Multiprobe Mission]

| {{Flagicon|USA}} NASA

| 2017

| Orbiter

| Not selected

| {{cite conference |title=Venus Origins Explorer (VOX), a Proposed New Frontier Mission |url=https://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/vexag2017/pdf/8031.pdf |conference=The Venus Exploration Analysis Group |conference-url=https://www.lpi.usra.edu/vexag/ |editor-last=Smrekar |editor-first=Suzanne |editor2-last=Dyar |editor2-first=M. D. |display-editors=etal}}

| {{Flagicon|USA}} NASA

| 2016

| Sail-driven surface rover

| Feasibility study

| [https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20150000879.pdf Zephyr: A Landsailing Rover For Venus]. (PDF) Geoffrey A. Landis, Steven R. Oleson, David Grantier, and the COMPASS team. NASA John Glenn Research Center. 65th International Astronautical Congress, Toronto, Canada. February 24, 2015. Report: IAC-14,A3,P,31x26111