List of mosasaur genera
{{Short description|none}}
File:Bunker Tylosaur.png mounted skeleton in the Rocky Mountain Dinosaur Resource Center in Woodland Park, Colorado]]
This list of mosasaurs is a comprehensive listing of all genera that have ever been included in the family Mosasauridae or the parent clade Mosasauroidea, excluding purely vernacular terms. The list includes all commonly accepted genera, but also genera that are now considered invalid, doubtful (nomen dubium), or were not formally published (nomen nudum), as well as junior synonyms of more established names, and genera that are no longer considered mosasauroid. Non-mosasaurid mosasauroids shall be noted as such. The list currently includes 91 genera, out of which 57 are considered valid (47 mosasaurids and 10 other mosasauroids).
Scope and terminology
There is no official, canonical list of mosasaur genera but one of the most thorough attempts can be found on the [http://www.fmnh.helsinki.fi/users/haaramo/Metazoa/Deuterostoma/Chordata/Reptilia/Lepidosauromorpha/Pythonomorpha/Pythonomorpha_1.htm "Pythonomorpha" section of Mikko Haaramo's Phylogeny Archive].
Naming conventions and terminology follow the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Technical terms used include:
- Junior synonym: A name which describes the same taxon as a previously published name. If two or more genera are formally designated and the type specimens are later assigned to the same genus, the first to be published (in chronological order) is the senior synonym, and all other instances are junior synonyms. Senior synonyms are generally used, except by special decision of the ICZN, but junior synonyms cannot be used again, even if deprecated. Junior synonymy is often subjective, unless the genera described were both based on the same type specimen.
- Nomen nudum (Latin for "naked name"): A name that has appeared in print but has not yet been formally published by the standards of the ICZN. Nomina nuda (the plural form) are invalid, and are therefore not italicized as a proper generic name would be. If the name is later formally published, that name is no longer a nomen nudum and will be italicized on this list. Often, the formally published name will differ from any nomina nuda that describe the same specimen. In this case, these nomina nuda will be deleted from this list in favor of the published name.
- Preoccupied name: A name that is formally published, but which has already been used for another taxon. This second use is invalid (as are all subsequent uses) and the name must be replaced. As preoccupied names are not valid generic names, they will also go unitalicized on this list.
- Nomen dubium (Latin for "dubious name"): A name describing a fossil with no unique diagnostic features.
Mosasaur genera
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| Genus
!Authors !Year !Status !Location !Notes |
| Acteosaurus
| Meyer | | Valid | {{flag|Slovenia}} | More basal than the Mosasauridae, potentially a non-mosasaurid mosasauroid, though likely more basal.Redescription of Acteosaurus tommasinii von Meyer, 1860, and a discussion of evolutionary trends within the clade Ophidiomorpha. 2010. Perhaps a dolichosaurid. |
| Adriosaurus
| Seeley | | Valid | {{flag|Slovenia}} | More basal than the Mosasauridae, its position within Squamata is uncertain. |
| Aigialosaurus
| Kramberger | | Valid | {{flag|Croatia}} | Non-mosasaurid mosasauroid, classified within the Aigialosauridae. |
| Amphekepubis
| Mehl | | {{flag|Mexico}} |Possible junior synonym of Mosasaurus. |
| Amphorosteus
| Gibbs | | | {{flag|USA}} | Nomen dubium |
| Ancylocentrum
| Schmidt | | | | Junior synonym of Prognathodon. |
| Angolasaurus
| Telles-Antunes | | Valid | {{flag|Angola}} {{flag|Niger}} {{flag|USA}} {{flag|Brazil}} | |
| Baptosaurus
| Marsh | | | N/A | Junior synonym of Halisaurus. |
| Baseodon
| Leidy | | | N/A |Junior synonym of Mosasaurus. |
| Batrachiosaurus
| Harlan | | | N/A | Junior synonym of Mosasaurus. |
| Bentiabasaurus
| Polcyn Schulp Gonçalves | | Valid | {{flag|Angola}} | |
| Brachysaurana
| Strand | | | N/A | Junior synonym of Prognathodon. |
| Brachysaurus
| Williston | | Preoccupied | N/A | Preoccupied by a junior synonym of an iguanian lizard genus, Stenocercus;[http://www.herpbreeder.com/worldspecies/Sauria/iguania/stenocercus.htm Stenocercus at Herpbreeder.com] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070429204524/http://www.herpbreeder.com/worldspecies/Sauria/iguania/stenocercus.htm |date=April 29, 2007 }}. Retrieved 12-03-2007. referred to replacement names Brachysaurana and Ancylocentrum, of which Ancylocentrum has priority as such. |
| Carinodens
| Woodward | | Valid | {{flag|Morocco}} {{flag|Netherlands}} {{flag|Ukraine}} {{flag|Russia}} {{flag|Belgium}} | |
| Carsosaurus
| Kornhuber | | Valid | {{flag|Slovenia}} | |
| Clidastes
| Cope | | Valid | {{flag|Russia}} {{flag|Jordan}} {{flag|Germany}} {{flag|USA}} {{flag|Sweden}} {{flag|Mexico}} | |
| Compressidens
| Dollo | | Preoccupied | N/A | Preoccupied by a tusk shell; later renamed Carinodens. |
| Dallasaurus
| Polcyn Bell | | Valid | {{flag|USA}} | |
| Dolichosaurus
| Owen | | Valid | {{flag|UK}} | Non-mosasaurid mosasauroid. |
| Dollosaurus
| Yakovlev | | Disputed | {{flag|Spain}} {{flag|Sweden}} {{flag|Russia}} | Possible junior synonym of Prognathodon. |
|
| | Russell | | Valid | {{flag|USA}} | |
| Edestosaurus
| Marsh | | | | Junior synonym of Clidastes. |
| Eidolosaurus
| Nopcsa | | Valid | {{flag|Slovenia}} | Potentially a non-mosasaurid mosasauroid, though has an uncertain phylogenetic placement. |
| Elliptonodon
| Emmons | | | | Junior synonym of Tylosaurus. |
| Eonatator
| Bardet Pereda{{spaces}}Suberbiola Iarochène Bouya Amaghzaz | | Valid | {{flag|Colombia}} {{flag|Sweden}} | |
| Eremiasaurus{{cite journal |last=Leblanc |first=A.R.H. |author2=Caldwell, M.W. |author3= Bardet, N. |year=2012 |title=A new mosasaurine from the Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous) phosphates of Morocco and its implications for mosasaurine systematics |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=82–104 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2012.624145|s2cid=130559113 }}
| Leblanc Caldwell Bardet | | Valid | {{flag|Morocco}} | Type species is Eremiasaurus heterodontus. |
| Gavialimimus{{cite journal |author1=Catherine R. C. Strong |author2=Michael W. Caldwell |author3=Takuya Konishi |author4=Alessandro Palci |year=2020 |title=A new species of longirostrine plioplatecarpine mosasaur (Squamata: Mosasauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Morocco, with a re-evaluation of the problematic taxon {{‘}}Platecarpus{{’}} ptychodon |journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology |volume=18 |issue= 21|pages= 1769–1804|doi=10.1080/14772019.2020.1818322 |doi-access= }}
| Strong Caldwell Konishi Palci |2020 |Valid |{{flag|Morocco}} | |
| Globidens
| Gilmore | | Valid | {{flag|USA}} {{flag|Belgium}} {{flag|Jordan}} {{flag|Angola}} {{flag|Syria}} {{flag|Morocco}} {{flag|Egypt}} {{flag|Brazil}} {{flag|Indonesia}} | |
| Gnathomortis{{Cite journal|last=Lively|first=J.R.|year=2020|title=Redescription and phylogenetic assessment of {{'}}Prognathodon{{'}} stadtmani: implications for Globidensini monophyly and character homology in Mosasaurinae|journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology|volume=40|issue=3|page=e1784183|doi=10.1080/02724634.2020.1784183|doi-access=}}
|Lively |2020 |Valid |{{flag|USA}} | |
| Goronyosaurus
| Azzaroli de Guili Ficcarelli Torre | | Valid | {{flag|Morocco}} | |
| Haasiasaurus
| Polcyn Tchernov Jacobs | | Valid | {{flag|State of Palestine}} | |
| Hainosaurus
| Dollo | | Valid | {{flag|Sweden}} {{flag|Russia}} {{flag|Poland}} {{flag|USA}} {{flag|France}} {{flag|Belgium}} {{flag|Spain}} | |
| Halisaurus
| Marsh | | Valid | {{flag|Morocco}} {{flag|Niger}} {{flag|Jordan}} {{flag|Peru}} {{flag|DRC}} {{flag|USA}} {{flag|Belgium}} | Renamed Baptosaurus Marsh, 1870 when Marsh thought the name was preoccupied by a fish: Halosaurus. Modern rules allow the original. |
| Harranasaurus{{Cite book |last=Kaddumi |first=Hani F. |title=Fossils of the Harrana Fauna and the Adjacent Areas |publisher=Eternal River Museum of Natural History |year=2009 |location=Amman |pages=36–48 |chapter=A new durophagous mosasaur (Squamata: Mosasauridae) from the Maastrichtian Muwaqqar Chalk Marl Formation of the Harrana Fauna |oclc=709582892}}
|Kaddumi |2009 |Valid |{{flag|Jordan}} | |
| Holcodus
| Gibbs | | | | Junior synonym of Platecarpus. |
| Holosaurus
| Marsh | | Preoccupied | | Referred to Platecarpus. |
| Hydrosaurus
| Kornhuber | | Preoccupied | | Preoccupied by an agamid lizard; renamed Pontosaurus. |
| Igdamanosaurus
| Zdansky | | Valid | {{flag|Niger}} {{flag|Egypt}} {{flag|Morocco}} | |
| Jormungandr
| Zietlow Boyd Van{{spaces}}Vranken |2023 |Valid |{{flag|USA}} | |
| Kaikaifilu
| Otero Soto-Acuña Rubilar-Rogers Gutstein |2016 |Valid |{{flag|Antarctica}} | |
| Khinjaria{{Cite journal |last1=Longrich |first1=Nicholas R. |last2=Polcyn |first2=Michael J. |last3=Jalil |first3=Nour-Eddine |last4=Pereda-Suberbiola |first4=Xabier |last5=Bardet |first5=Nathalie |date=2024-03-01 |title=A bizarre new plioplatecarpine mosasaurid from the Maastrichtian of Morocco |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195667124000430 |journal=Cretaceous Research |pages=105870 |doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2024.105870 |issn=0195-6671}}
| Longrich Polcyn Jalil Pereda-Superbiola Bardet |2024 |In press |{{flag|Morocco}} | |
| Kolposaurus
| Camp | | Preoccupied | | Preoccupied by a junior synonym of Nothosaurus,[http://www.paleofile.com/Demo/Mainpage/Taxalist/Sauropterygia.htm Sauropterygia at Paleofile.com]. Retrieved 12-03-2007. referred to Plotosaurus |
| Komensaurus
| Caldwell Palci | | Valid | {{flag|Slovenia}} | |
| Kourisodon
| Nicholls Meckert | | Valid | {{flag|Japan}} {{flag|Canada}} | |
| Lakumasaurus
| Novas Fernandez Gasparini de Lirio Mumez Puerta | | | | Junior synonym of Taniwhasaurus. |
| Latoplatecarpus{{cite journal |author1=Konishi, T. |author2=Caldwell, M.W. |year=2011 |title=Two new plioplatecarpine (Squamata, Mosasauridae) genera from the Upper Cretaceous of North America, and a global phylogenetic analysis of plioplatecarpines |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=31 |issue=4 |pages=754–783 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2011.579023|s2cid=85972311 }}
| Konishi Caldwell | | Valid | {{flag|Canada}} | Type species is Latoplatecarpus willistoni. A second species is Latoplatecarpus nichollsae originally described in genus Plioplatecarpus.{{cite journal |last=Cuthbertson |first=R.S. |author2=Mallon, J.C. |author3=Campione, N.E. |author4= Holmes, R.B. |year=2007 |title=A new species of mosasaur (Squamata: Mosasauridae) from the Pierre Shale (lower Campanian) of Manitoba |journal=Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences |volume=44 |issue=5 |pages=593–606 |doi=10.1139/e07-006|bibcode=2007CaJES..44..593C }} |
| Leiodon
| Owen | | Preoccupied | {{flag|Spain}} {{flag|Ukraine}} {{flag|UK}} | Preoccupied by a fish, referred to Liodon. |
| Lesticodus
| Leidy | | | | Junior synonym of Mosasaurus. |
| Lestosaurus
| Marsh | | | | Junior synonym of Platecarpus. |
| Liodon
| Agassiz | | | {{flag|USA}} {{flag|Germany}} {{flag|New Zealand}} {{flag|Angola}} |Dubious genus due to the fragmentary nature of the type specimen and the type species L. anceps. All species referred to it likely do not belong to the same genus. |
| Macrosaurus
| Owen | | | | Junior synonym of Halisaurus. |
| Megapterygius{{Cite journal |last1=Konishi |first1=Takuya |last2=Ohara |first2=Masaaki |last3=Misaki |first3=Akihiro |last4=Matsuoka |first4=Hiroshige |last5=Street |first5=Hallie P. |last6=Caldwell |first6=Michael W. |date=2023 |title=A new derived mosasaurine (Squamata: Mosasaurinae) from south-western Japan reveals unexpected postcranial diversity among hydropedal mosasaurs |journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology |language=en |volume=21 |issue=1 |doi=10.1080/14772019.2023.2277921 |issn=1477-2019}}
| Konishi Ohara Misaki Matsuoka Street Caldwell |2023 |Valid |{{flag|Japan}} | |
| Mesoleptos
| Cornalia | | Valid | {{flag|Croatia}} {{flag|Slovenia}} {{flag|State of Palestine}} | More basal than the Mosasauridae, its position within Squamata is uncertain. |
| Moanasaurus
| Wiffen | | Valid | | |
| Mosasaurus
| Conybeare | | Valid | {{flag|UK}} {{flag|Bulgaria}} {{flag|Canada}} {{flag|New Zealand}} {{flag|Netherlands}} {{flag|Turkey}} {{flag|Poland}} {{flag|Angola}} {{flag|USA}} {{flag|DRC}} {{flag|Russia}} {{flag|South Africa}} {{flag|Sweden}} {{flag|Poland}} {{flag|Syria}} {{flag|Spain}} {{flag|Japan}} {{flag|Denmark}} {{flag|Belgium}} {{flag|Niger}} {{flag|Italy}} {{flag|Jordan}} {{flag|Morocco}} | |
| Nectoportheus
| Cope | | |Junior synonym of Mosasaurus. |
| Opetiosaurus
| Kornhuber | | Disputed | | Possible junior synonym of Aigialosaurus. |
| Oterognathus
| Dollo | | | Junior synonym of Plioplatecarpus. |
| Pannoniasaurus
| Makádi Caldwell Ősi | | Valid | | |
| Phosphorosaurus
| Dollo | | Valid | {{flag|Angola}} | |
| Platecarpus
| Cope | | Valid | {{flag|USA}} {{flag|Angola}} {{flag|Russia}} {{flag|Syria}} {{flag|Egypt}} {{flag|Sweden}} {{flag|Morocco}} {{flag|Jordan}} {{flag|Canada}} {{flag|Brazil}} {{flag|Spain}} {{flag|Niger}} {{flag|Australia}} | |
| Plesioplatecarpus
| Konishi Caldwell | | Valid | | Type species is Plesioplatecarpus planifrons, originally described in genus Clidastes, and later recombined in Platecarpus. |
| Plesiotylosaurus
| Camp | | Valid | | |
| Plioplatecarpus
| Dollo | | Valid | {{flag|USA}} | |
| Plotosaurus
| Camp | | Valid | {{flag|USA}} | |
| Pluridens
| Lingham-Sollar | | Valid | {{flag|Niger}} | |
| Pontosaurus
| Kornhuber | | Valid | {{flag|Croatia}} {{flag|Lebanon}} |Potentially a non-mosasaurid mosasauroid, though has an uncertain phylogenetic placement. |
| Portunatasaurus
| Campbell Mekarski Japundžić Krizmanić Caldwell | | Valid | {{flag|Croatia}} | Non-mosasaurid mosasauroid. |
| Proaigialosaurus
| Kuhn | | Valid | |Non-mosasaurid mosasauroid, classified within the Aigialosauridae. |
| Prognathodon
| Dollo | | Valid | {{flag|Belgium}} {{flag|USA}} {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} {{flag|Spain}} {{flag|Israel}} {{flag|Angola}} {{flag|Italy}} {{flag|New Zealand}} {{flag|DRC}} {{flag|Russia}} {{flag|Canada}} {{flag|Poland}} {{flag|France}} {{flag|Germany}} {{flag|Netherlands}} {{flag|Syria}} {{flag|Jordan}} | Possibly paraphyletic. |
| Prognathosaurus
| Dollo | | | Junior synonym of Prognathodon. |
| Pterycollosaurus
| Dollo | | | Junior synonym of Mosasaurus. |
| Rhamphosaurus
| Cope | | Preoccupied | | Preoccupied by another lizard, referred to Tylosaurus. |
| Rhinosaurus
| Marsh | | Preoccupied | | Preoccupied,Edward Drinker Cope "[http://www.oceansofkansas.com/Cope1872b.html On the structure of the Pythonomorpha]". (1872) Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 24:140-141 referred to Tylosaurus. |
| RikisaurusWiffen, J. 1990: New mosasaurs (Reptilia; family Mosasauridae) from the Upper Cretaceous of North Island, New Zealand. New Zealand journal of geology and geophysics, 33: 67-85.
| Wiffen | | | {{flag|New Zealand}} | Junior synonym of Moanasaurus. |
| Rikkisaurus
| Bell Caldwell Holmes Wiffen McKee | | | | Lapsus calami of Rikisaurus. |
| Romeosaurus{{Cite journal|author=Alessandro Palci, Michael W. Caldwell and Cesare A. Papazzoni |year=2013 |title=A new genus and subfamily of mosasaurs from the Upper Cretaceous of northern Italy |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=33 |issue=3 |pages=599–612 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2013.731024 |s2cid=86646993 |hdl=11380/941691 |hdl-access=free }}
| Palci Caldwell Papzzoni | | Valid | {{flag|Italy}} | |
| RussellosaurusPolcyn, M. J. & Bell Jr., G. L., 2005: Russellosaurus coheni n. gen., n. sp., a 92 million-year-old mosasaur from Texas (USA), and the definition of the parafamily Russellosaurina. –Netherlands Journal of Geosciences: Vol. 84, #3.
| Polson Bell | | Valid | {{flag|USA}} | |
| Sarabosaurus
| Polcyn Bardet Albright Titus |2023 |Valid |{{flag|USA}} | |
| Saurochampsa
| Wagler | | | | Junior synonym of Mosasaurus. |
| SelmasaurusWright, K. R. & Shannon, S. W., 1988: Selmasaurus russelli, a new plioplatecarpine mosasaur (Squamata, Mosasauridae) from Alabama. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 8, #1, pp. 102-107
| Wright Shannon | | Valid | {{flag|USA}} | |
| Sironectes
| Cope | | | | Junior synonym of Platecarpus. |
| Stelladens
| Longrich Jalil Pereda-Suberbiola Bardet |2023 |Valid |{{flag|Morocco}} | |
| Taniwhasaurus
| Hector | | Valid | {{flag|Antarctica}} {{flag|New Zealand}} {{flag|Japan}} | |
| TethysaurusBardet, N., X. Pereda Suberbiola, and N-E. Jalil. 2003. A new mosasauroid (Squamata) from the Late Cretaceous (Turonian) of Morocco. Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, Palevol 2:607–616.
| Bardet Superbiola Jalil | | Valid | {{flag|Morocco}} | |
| Thalassotitan
| Longrich Jalil Khaldoune Yazami Pereda-Suberbiola Bardet | | Valid | {{flag|Morocco}} | |
| Tylosaurus
| Marsh | | Valid | {{flag|USA}} {{flag|Canada}} {{flag|Spain}} {{flag|Jordan}} {{flag|Mexico}} {{flag|Sweden}} {{flag|New Zealand}} | |
| VallecillosaurusSmith, K.T. and Buchy, M-C. 2008 A new aigialosaur (Squamata-Anguimorpha) with soft tissue remains from the Upper Cretaceous of Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28(1): 85-94.
| Smith Buchy | | Valid | {{flag|Mexico}} | More basal than the Mosasauridae, its position within Squamata is uncertain. |
| Xenodens
| Longrich Bardet Schulp Jalil | | Valid | {{flag|Morocco}} | |
| Yaguarasaurus
| Paramo | | Valid | {{flag|Colombia}} | |
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See also
{{Portal bar|Reptiles|Paleontology}}
Notes
{{Reflist}}
References
- {{cite web|url=http://www.fmnh.helsinki.fi/users/haaramo/Metazoa/Deuterostoma/Chordata/Reptilia/Lepidosauromorpha/Pythonomorpha/Pythonomorpha_1.htm|title=Pythonomorpha – snake-like squamates|website=Mikko's Phylogeny Archive|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080123111233/http://www.fmnh.helsinki.fi/users/haaramo/Metazoa/Deuterostoma/Chordata/Reptilia/Lepidosauromorpha/Pythonomorpha/Pythonomorpha_1.htm|archive-date=January 23, 2008|url-status=dead}}
- {{cite web|url=http://www.dinosauria.com/dml/names/mosa.html|title=Mosasauridae Translation and Pronunciation Guide (by Ben Creisler)|website=Dinosauria.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080502054809/http://www.dinosauria.com/dml/names/mosa.html|archive-date=May 2, 2008|url-status=dead}}
{{Mosasauridae}}