1874 in paleontology

Dinosaurs

Richard Owen publishes a monograph on Wealden and Purbeck reptiles, classifying Scelidosaurus, Iguanodon and Echinodon in the new dinosaur clade Prionodontia.{{cite book|last=Owen|first=R.|year=1874|title=Monograph on the Fossil Reptilia of the Wealden and Purbeck Formations. Supplement No. V. Dinosauria (Iguanodon)|publisher=Palaeontographical Society|pages=1–18|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/230959#page/1/mode/1up}}

=New taxa=

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Taxon ! Novelty ! Status ! Author(s) ! Age ! Unit ! Location ! Notes ! Images
Agathaumas milo \| Sp. nov. \| Nomen dubium \| Cope \| Maastrichtian \| Laramie Formation \| {{flag\|Colorado}} \| Described as a synonym of Hadrosaurus occidentalis \|
Cionodon{{cite journal\|last=Cope\|first=E.F.\|year=1874\|title=Report on the stratigraphy and Pliocene vertebrate paleontology of northern Colorado\|journal=Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories\|volume=1\|issue=1\|pages=9-22}} \| Gen. et sp. nov. \| Nomen dubium \| Cope \| Maastrichtian \| Laramie Formation \| {{Flag\|Colorado}} \| A hadrosaurid. Misspelled as Cinodon in original publication due to proofreader \|
Craterosaurus \| Gen. et sp. nov. \| Nomen dubium \| Seeley \| Aptian \| Potton Sands \| {{Flag\|England}} \| A dubious stegosaur \|
Hadrosaurus mirabilis{{cite journal\|last=Cope\|first=E.F.\|year=1874\|title=Review of the Vertebrata of the Cretaceous Period found west of the Mississippi River\|journal=Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories \|series=First Series\|volume=2\|pages=3-48}} \| Comb. nov. \| Nomen dubium \| Cope \| Campanian \| Judith River Formation \| {{flag\|Montana}} \| A new combination for Trachodon mirabilis \|
Hadrosaurus occidentalis \| Comb. nov. \| Nomen dubium \| Cope \| Maastrichtian \| Lance Formation \| {{flag\|Wyoming}} \| A new combination for Thespesius occidentalis \|
Ischyrosaurus manseli \| Gen. nov. \| Preoccupied \| Hulke \| Kimmeridgian \| Kimmeridge Clay Formation \| {{flag\|England}} \| Preoccupied by Edward Drinker Cope, 1869. Later named Ornithopsis manseli \|
Morinosaurus \| Gen. et sp. nov \| Nomen dubium \| Sauvage \| Kimmeridgian \| Boulogne-sur-Mer \| {{Flag\|France}} \| A dubious sauropod \|
Polyonax \| Gen. et sp. nov. \| Nomen dubium \| Cope \| Maastrichtian \| Laramie Formation \| {{flag\|Colorado}} \| A ceratopsid \|

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Taxon

! Novelty

! Status

! Author(s)

! Age

! Unit

! Location

! Notes

! Images

Agathaumas milo

| Sp. nov.

| Nomen dubium

| Cope

| Maastrichtian

| Laramie Formation

| {{flag|Colorado}}

| Described as a synonym of Hadrosaurus occidentalis

Cionodon{{cite journal|last=Cope|first=E.F.|year=1874|title=Report on the stratigraphy and Pliocene vertebrate paleontology of northern Colorado|journal=Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories|volume=1|issue=1|pages=9-22}}

| Gen. et sp. nov.

| Nomen dubium

| Cope

| Maastrichtian

| Laramie Formation

| {{Flag|Colorado}}

| A hadrosaurid. Misspelled as Cinodon in original publication due to proofreader

Craterosaurus

| Gen. et sp. nov.

| Nomen dubium

| Seeley

| Aptian

| Potton Sands

| {{Flag|England}}

| A dubious stegosaur

Hadrosaurus mirabilis{{cite journal|last=Cope|first=E.F.|year=1874|title=Review of the Vertebrata of the Cretaceous Period found west of the Mississippi River|journal=Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories |series=First Series|volume=2|pages=3-48}}

| Comb. nov.

| Nomen dubium

| Cope

| Campanian

| Judith River Formation

| {{flag|Montana}}

| A new combination for Trachodon mirabilis

Hadrosaurus occidentalis

| Comb. nov.

| Nomen dubium

| Cope

| Maastrichtian

| Lance Formation

| {{flag|Wyoming}}

| A new combination for Thespesius occidentalis

Ischyrosaurus manseli

| Gen. nov.

| Preoccupied

| Hulke

| Kimmeridgian

| Kimmeridge Clay Formation

| {{flag|England}}

| Preoccupied by Edward Drinker Cope, 1869. Later named Ornithopsis manseli

Morinosaurus

| Gen. et sp. nov

| Nomen dubium

| Sauvage

| Kimmeridgian

| Boulogne-sur-Mer

| {{Flag|France}}

| A dubious sauropod

Polyonax

| Gen. et sp. nov.

| Nomen dubium

| Cope

| Maastrichtian

| Laramie Formation

| {{flag|Colorado}}

| A ceratopsid

Ichthyosaurs

=New taxa=

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Name ! Status ! Authors ! Age ! Unit ! Location ! width="33%"\| Notes ! Images
Ophthalmosaurus \| Valid \| Seeley \| Middle Jurassic (Callovian) \| Oxford Clay Formation \| {{Flag\|UK}} \| An ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur.

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Name

! Status

! Authors

! Age

! Unit

! Location

! width="33%"| Notes

! Images

Ophthalmosaurus

Valid

Seeley

Middle Jurassic (Callovian)

Oxford Clay Formation

An ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur.

Plesiosaurs

=New taxa=

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Name ! Status ! Authors ! Age ! Unit ! Location ! width="33%"\| Notes ! Images
Colymbosaurus \| Valid \| Seeley \| Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian) \| Kimmeridge Clay \| {{Flag\|UK}} \| A cryptoclidid, new genus for "Plesiosaurus" megadeirus Seeley, 1869 \|rowspan="47" \|
Eretmosaurus \| Valid \| Seeley \| Early Jurassic (Hettangian-Sinemurian) \| Blue Lias \| {{Flag\|UK}} \| A member of Microcleididae; new genus for "Plesiosaurus" rugosus Owen, 1840.
Mauisaurus \| Nomen dubium \| Hector \| Late Cretaceous (late Campanian-Maastrichtian) \| Conway Formation \| {{Flag\|New Zealand}} \| An elasmosaurid.
Muraenosaurus \| Valid \| Seeley \| Middle Jurassic (Callovian) \| Oxford Clay \| {{Flag\|UK}} \| A cryptoclidid.
Rhomaleosaurus \| Valid \| Seeley \| Early Jurassic (Toarcian) \| Whitby Mudstone Formation \| {{Flag\|UK}} \| A rhomaleosaurid; new genus for "Plesiosaurus" cramptoni Carte and Bailey, 1863

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Name

! Status

! Authors

! Age

! Unit

! Location

! width="33%"| Notes

! Images

Colymbosaurus

Valid

Seeley

Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian)

Kimmeridge Clay

A cryptoclidid, new genus for "Plesiosaurus" megadeirus Seeley, 1869

|rowspan="47" |

Eretmosaurus

Valid

Seeley

Early Jurassic (Hettangian-Sinemurian)

Blue Lias

A member of Microcleididae; new genus for "Plesiosaurus" rugosus Owen, 1840.

Mauisaurus

Nomen dubium

Hector

Late Cretaceous (late Campanian-Maastrichtian)

Conway Formation

An elasmosaurid.

Muraenosaurus

Valid

Seeley

Middle Jurassic (Callovian)

Oxford Clay

A cryptoclidid.

Rhomaleosaurus

Valid

Seeley

Early Jurassic (Toarcian)

Whitby Mudstone Formation

A rhomaleosaurid; new genus for "Plesiosaurus" cramptoni Carte and Bailey, 1863

Pterosaurs

=Newly named pterosaurs=

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Name ! Status ! Authors ! Age ! Unit ! Location ! width="33%"\| Notes ! Images
Coloborhynchus \| Valid \| Owen \| Early Cretaceous (Valanginian) \| Wadhurst Clay Formation \| {{Flag\|UK}} \| A member of Ornithocheiridae. \|rowspan="47" \|
Criorhynchus \| Jr. synonym \| Owen \| \| \| \| Jr. synonym of Ornithocheirus.

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Name

! Status

! Authors

! Age

! Unit

! Location

! width="33%"| Notes

! Images

Coloborhynchus

Valid

Owen

Early Cretaceous (Valanginian)

Wadhurst Clay Formation

A member of Ornithocheiridae.

|rowspan="47" |

Criorhynchus

Jr. synonym

Owen

Jr. synonym of Ornithocheirus.

Squamates

=Newly named mosasaurs=

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Name ! Status ! Authors ! Age ! Unit ! Location ! width="33%"\| Notes ! Images
Taniwhasaurus \|Valid \|Hector \|Late Campanian \|Conway Formation \| {{Flag\|New Zealand}} {{Flag\|Japan}} {{Flag\|Antarctica}} \| A tylosaurine mosasaurid. \| rowspan="47" \| File:Taniwhasaurus oweni.jpg]]

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Name

! Status

! Authors

! Age

! Unit

! Location

! width="33%"| Notes

! Images

Taniwhasaurus

|Valid

|Hector