Login
Login

List of parties to the Environmental Modification Convention

{{Short description|none}}

[[File:ENMOD Convention parties.svg|right|300px|thumb|

Participation in the Environmental Modification Convention

{{legend|#00aa00|Parties}}

{{legend|#eeee00|Only signed}}

{{legend|#ff1111|Non-signatory}}

]]

The list of parties to the Environmental Modification Convention encompasses the states who have signed and ratified or acceded to the international agreement prohibiting military use of environmental modification techniques.

On May 18, 1977, the Environmental Modification Convention (ENMOD) was opened for signature. North Yemen became the first state to deposit the treaty on 20 July 1977. The treaty came into force and closed for signature on October 5, 1978. Since then, states that did not sign the treaty can now only accede to it. The instrument of ratification, accession, or succession is deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations

As of 2022, 78 states have ratified or acceded to the treaty, most recently the State of Palestine on 29 December 2017. A further 16 states have signed but not ratified the treaty.

As of March 2013 the third review conference had not been scheduled as there were under 10 respondents showing interest in reconvening.

List of parties

class="wikitable sortable"

! State{{cite web|url=https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-1&chapter=26&clang=_en|title=Convention on the prohibition of military or any other hostile use of environmental modification techniques

|access-date=2022-08-04|publisher=United Nations Treaty Series}}{{cite web|url=https://treaties.unoda.org/t/enmod|title=Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques (ENMOD)| access-date = 2022-08-04 | publisher= United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs}}{{cite web|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/t/isn/4783.htm |title=Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques|access-date=2022-08-04|publisher=United States Department of State}}

! Signed

! Ratified or Acceded

! Method

{{flag|Afghanistan}}

|

| {{dts|1985|Oct|22}}

| Accession

{{flag|Algeria}}

|

| {{dts|1991|Dec|19}}

| Accession

{{flag|Antigua and Barbuda}}

|

| {{dts|1988|Oct|25}}

| Succession from {{flag|United Kingdom}}

{{flag|Argentina}}

|

| {{dts|1987|Mar|20}}

| Accession

{{flag|Armenia}}

|

| {{dts|2002|May|15}}

| Accession

{{flag|Australia}}

| {{dts|1978|May|31}}

| {{dts|1984|Sep|7}}

| Ratification

{{flag|Austria}}

|

| {{dts|1990|Jan|17}}

| Accession

{{flag|Bangladesh}}

|

| {{dts|1979|Oct|3}}

| Accession

{{flag|Belarus}}

| {{dts|1977|May|18}}

| {{dts|1978|Jun|7}}

| Ratification as {{flag|Byelorussian SSR}}

{{flag|Belgium}}

| {{dts|1977|May|18}}

| {{dts|1982|Jul|12}}

| Ratification

{{flag|Benin}}

| {{dts|1977|Jun|10}}

| {{dts|1986|Jun|30}}

| Ratification

{{flag|Brazil}}

| {{dts|1977|Nov|9}}

| {{dts|1984|Oct|12}}

| Ratification

{{flag|Bulgaria}}

| {{dts|1977|May|18}}

| {{dts|1978|May|31}}

| Ratification

{{flag|Cameroon}}

|

| {{dts|2011|Apr|18}}

| Accession

{{flag|Canada}}

| {{dts|1977|May|18}}

| {{dts|1981|Jun|11}}

| Ratification

{{flag|Cape Verde}}

|

| {{dts|1979|Oct|3}}

| Accession

{{flag|Chile}}

|

| {{dts|1994|Apr|26}}

| Accession

{{flag|China}}

|

| {{dts|2005|Jun|8}}

| Accession

{{flag|Costa Rica}}

|

| {{dts|1996|Feb|7}}

| Accession

{{flag|Cuba}}

| {{dts|1977|Sep|23}}

| {{dts|1978|Apr|10}}

| Ratification

{{flag|Cyprus}}

| {{dts|1977|Oct|7}}

| {{dts|1978|Apr|12}}

| Ratification

{{flag|Czech Republic}}

|

| {{dts|1993|Feb|22}}

| Succession from {{flag|Czechoslovakia}}
Signed 18 May 1977
Ratified 12 May 1978

{{flag|Denmark}}

| {{dts|1977|May|18}}

| {{dts|1978|Apr|19}}

| Ratification

{{flag|Dominica}}

|

| {{dts|1992|Nov|9}}The U.S. Department of State lists Dominica as giving notice that it would continue to be bound by the treaty on 8 November 1978.

| Succession from {{flag|United Kingdom}}

{{flag|Egypt}}

|

| {{dts|1982|Apr|1}}

| Accession

{{flag|Estonia}}

|

| {{dts|2011|Apr|14}}

| Accession

{{flag|Finland}}

| {{dts|1977|May|18}}

| {{dts|1978|May|12}}

| Ratification

{{flag|Germany}}

| {{dts|1977|May|18}}

| {{dts|1983|May|24}}

| Ratification as {{flag|West Germany}}
Also {{flag|East Germany}}
Signed 18 May 1977
Ratified 25 May 1978

{{flag|Ghana}}

| {{dts|1978|Mar|21}}

| {{dts|1978|Jun|22}}

| Ratification

{{flag|Greece}}

|

| {{dts|1983|Aug|23}}

| Accession

{{flag|Guatemala}}

|

| {{dts|1988|Mar|21}}

| Accession

{{flag|Honduras}}

|

| {{dts|2010|Aug|16}}

| Accession

{{flag|Hungary}}

| {{dts|1977|May|18}}

| {{dts|1978|Apr|19}}

| Ratification

{{flag|India}}

| {{dts|1977|Dec|15}}

| {{dts|1978|Dec|15}}

| Ratification

{{flag|Ireland}}

| {{dts|1977|May|18}}

| {{dts|1982|Dec|16}}

| Ratification

{{flag|Italy}}

| {{dts|1977|May|18}}

| {{dts|1981|Nov|27}}

| Ratification

{{flag|Japan}}

|

| {{dts|1982|Jun|9}}

| Accession

{{flag|Kazakhstan}}

|

| {{dts|2005|Apr|25}}

| Accession

{{flag|Kuwait}}

|

| {{dts|1980|Jan|2}}

| Accession

{{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}

|

| {{dts|2015|Jun|15}}

| Accession

{{flag|Laos}}

| {{dts|1978|Apr|13}}

| {{dts|1978|Oct|5}}

| Ratification

{{flag|Lithuania}}

|

| {{dts|2002|Apr|16}}

| Accession

{{flag|Malawi}}

|

| {{dts|1978|Oct|5}}

| Accession

{{flag|Mauritius}}

|

| {{dts|1992|Dec|9}}

| Accession

{{flag|Mongolia}}

| {{dts|1977|May|18}}

| {{dts|1978|May|19}}

| Ratification

{{flag|Netherlands}}

| {{dts|1977|May|18}}

| {{dts|1983|Apr|15}}

| Ratification

{{flag|New Zealand}}

|

| {{dts|1984|Sep|7}}

| Accession,
includes {{flag|Cook Islands}}
and {{flag|Niue}}

{{flag|Nicaragua}}

| {{dts|1977|Aug|11}}

| {{dts|2007|Sep|6}}

| Ratification

{{flag|Niger}}

|

| {{dts|1993|Feb|17}}

| Accession

{{flag|North Korea}}

|

| {{dts|1984|Nov|8}}

| Accession

{{flag|Norway}}

| {{dts|1977|May|18}}

| {{dts|1979|Feb|15}}

| Ratification

{{flag|Pakistan}}

|

| {{dts|1986|Feb|27}}

| Accession

{{flag|Palestine}}

|

| {{dts|2017|Dec|29}}

| Accession

{{flag|Panama}}

|

| {{dts|2003|May|13}}

| Accession

{{flag|Papua New Guinea}}

|

| {{dts|1980|Oct|28}}

| Accession

{{flag|Poland}}

| {{dts|1977|May|18}}

| {{dts|1978|Jun|8}}

| Ratification

{{flag|Romania}}

| {{dts|1977|May|18}}

| {{dts|1983|May|6}}

| Ratification

{{flag|Russia}}

| {{dts|1977|May|18}}

| {{dts|1978|May|30}}

| Ratification as {{flag|Soviet Union}}

{{flag|Saint Lucia}}

|

| {{dts|1993|May|27}}The U.S. Department of State lists Saint Lucia as giving notice that it would continue to be bound by the treaty on 22 February 1979.

| Succession from {{flag|United Kingdom}}

{{flag|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}}

|

| {{dts|1999|Apr|27}}The U.S. Department of State lists Saint Vincent and The Grenadines as giving notice that it would continue to be bound by the treaty on 27 October 1979.

| Succession from {{flag|United Kingdom}}

{{flag|Sao Tome and Principe}}

|

| {{dts|1979|Oct|5}}

| Accession

{{flag|Slovakia}}

|

| {{dts|1993|May|28}}

| Succession from {{flag|Czechoslovakia}}
Signed 18 May 1977
Ratified 12 May 1978

{{flag|Slovenia}}

|

| {{dts|2005|Apr|20}}

| Accession

{{flag|Solomon Islands}}

|

| {{dts|1981|Jun|19}}

| Succession from {{flag|United Kingdom}}

{{flag|South Korea}}

|

| {{dts|1986|Dec|2}}

| Accession

{{flag|Spain}}

| {{dts|1977|May|18}}

| {{dts|1978|Jul|19}}

| Ratification

{{flag|Sri Lanka}}

| {{dts|1977|Jun|8}}

| {{dts|1978|Apr|25}}

| Ratification

{{flag|Sweden}}

|

| {{dts|1984|Apr|27}}

| Accession

{{flag|Switzerland}}

|

| {{dts|1988|Aug|5}}

| Accession

{{flag|Tajikistan}}

|

| {{dts|1999|Oct|12}}

| Accession

{{flag|Tunisia}}

| {{dts|1978|May|11}}

| {{dts|1978|May|11}}

| Ratification

{{flag|Ukraine}}

| {{dts|1977|May|18}}

| {{dts|1978|Jun|13}}

| Ratification as {{flag|Ukrainian SSR}}

{{flag|United Kingdom}}

| {{dts|1977|May|18}}

| {{dts|1978|May|16}}

| Ratification

{{flag|United States}}

| {{dts|1977|May|18}}

| {{dts|1980|Jan|17}}

| Ratification

{{flag|Uruguay}}

|

| {{dts|1993|Sep|16}}

| Accession

{{flag|Uzbekistan}}

|

| {{dts|1993|May|26}}

| Accession

{{flag|Vietnam}}

|

| {{dts|1980|Aug|26}}

| Accession

{{flag|Yemen}}

| {{dts|1977|May|18}}

| {{dts|1977|Jul|20}}

| Ratification as {{flag|North Yemen}}
{{flag|South Yemen}} also acceded 12 June 1979 prior to Yemeni unification.

States that have signed but not ratified

class="wikitable sortable"

! State

! Signed

{{flag|Bolivia}}

| {{dts|1977|May|18}}

{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
Signed as {{flag|Zaire}}

| {{dts|1978|Feb|28}}

{{flag|Ethiopia}}

| {{dts|1977|May|18}}

{{flag|Holy See}}

| {{dts|1977|May|27}}

{{flag|Iceland}}

| {{dts|1977|May|18}}

{{flag|Iran}}

| {{dts|1977|May|18}}

{{flag|Iraq}}

| {{dts|1977|Aug|15}}

{{flag|Lebanon}}

| {{dts|1977|May|18}}

{{flag|Liberia}}

| {{dts|1977|May|18}}

{{flag|Luxembourg}}

| {{dts|1977|May|18}}

{{flag|Morocco}}

| {{dts|1977|May|18}}

{{flag|Portugal}}

| {{dts|1977|May|18}}

{{flag|Sierra Leone}}

| {{dts|1978|Apr|12}}

{{flag|Syria}}

| {{dts|1977|Aug|4}}

{{flag|Turkey}}

| {{dts|1977|May|18}}

{{flag|Uganda}}

| {{dts|1977|May|18}}

States that have not signed

101 UN member states have never signed the treaty.

{{div col|colwidth=20em}}

  • {{flag|Albania}}
  • {{flag|Andorra}}
  • {{flag|Angola}}
  • {{flag|Azerbaijan}}
  • {{flag|Bahamas}}
  • {{flag|Bahrain}}
  • {{flag|Barbados}}
  • {{flag|Belize}}
  • {{flag|Bhutan}}
  • {{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
  • {{flag|Botswana}}
  • {{flag|Brunei}}
  • {{flag|Burkina Faso}}
  • {{flag|Burundi}}
  • {{flag|Cambodia}}
  • {{flag|Central African Republic}}
  • {{flag|Chad}}
  • {{flag|Colombia}}
  • {{flag|Comoros}}
  • {{flag|Republic of the Congo}}
  • {{flag|Croatia}}
  • {{flag|Djibouti}}
  • {{flag|Dominican Republic}}
  • {{flag|Ecuador}}
  • {{flag|El Salvador}}
  • {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}
  • {{flag|Eritrea}}
  • {{flag|Fiji}}
  • {{flag|France}}
  • {{flag|Gabon}}
  • {{flag|Gambia}}
  • {{flag|Georgia}}
  • {{flag|Grenada}}
  • {{flag|Guinea}}
  • {{flag|Guinea-Bissau}}
  • {{flag|Guyana}}
  • {{flag|Haiti}}
  • {{flag|Indonesia}}
  • {{flag|Israel}}
  • {{flag|Ivory Coast}}
  • {{flag|Jamaica}}
  • {{flag|Jordan}}
  • {{flag|Kenya}}
  • {{flag|Kiribati}}
  • {{flag|Latvia}}
  • {{flag|Lesotho}}
  • {{flag|Libya}}
  • {{flag|Liechtenstein}}
  • {{flag|North Macedonia}}
  • {{flag|Madagascar}}
  • {{flag|Malaysia}}
  • {{flag|Maldives}}
  • {{flag|Mali}}
  • {{flag|Malta}}
  • {{flag|Marshall Islands}}
  • {{flag|Mauritania}}
  • {{flag|Mexico}}
  • {{flag|Micronesia}}
  • {{flag|Moldova}}
  • {{flag|Monaco}}
  • {{flag|Montenegro}}
  • {{flag|Mozambique}}
  • {{flag|Myanmar}}
  • {{flag|Namibia}}
  • {{flag|Nauru}}
  • {{flag|Nepal}}
  • {{flag|Nigeria}}
  • {{flag|Oman}}
  • {{flag|Palau}}
  • {{flag|Paraguay}}
  • {{flag|Peru}}
  • {{flag|Philippines}}
  • {{flag|Qatar}}
  • {{flag|Rwanda}}
  • {{flag|Saint Kitts and Nevis}}
  • {{flag|Samoa}}
  • {{flag|San Marino}}
  • {{flag|Saudi Arabia}}
  • {{flag|Senegal}}
  • {{flag|Serbia}}
  • {{flag|Seychelles}}
  • {{flag|Singapore}}
  • {{flag|Somalia}}
  • {{flag|South Africa}}
  • {{flag|South Sudan}}
  • {{flag|Sudan}}
  • {{flag|Suriname}}
  • {{flag|Swaziland}}
  • {{flag|Tanzania}}
  • {{flag|Thailand}}
  • {{flag|Timor Leste}}
  • {{flag|Togo}}
  • {{flag|Tonga}}
  • {{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}}
  • {{flag|Turkmenistan}}
  • {{flag|Tuvalu}}
  • {{flag|United Arab Emirates}}
  • {{flag|Vanuatu}}
  • {{flag|Venezuela}}
  • {{flag|Zambia}}
  • {{flag|Zimbabwe}}

{{div col end}}

The Cook Islands and Niue, two associated states of New Zealand which have had their "full treaty-making capacity" recognised by United Nations Secretariat,{{citation |url=http://untreaty.un.org/cod/repertory/art102/english/rep_supp8_vol6-art102_e_advance.pdf |title=Repertory of Practice |publisher=UN |contribution=Organs Supplement |number=8 |page=10 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120403031600/http://untreaty.un.org/cod/repertory/art102/english/rep_supp8_vol6-art102_e_advance.pdf |archivedate=2012-04-03 }} are not parties to the treaty but are bound by its provisions by virtue of their administration by New Zealand when the latter ratified the ENMOD convention.

References

{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Environmental Modification Convention}}

Category:Lists of parties to treaties