List of physical quantities

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This article consists of tables outlining a number of physical quantities.

The first table lists the fundamental quantities used in the International System of Units to define the physical dimension of physical quantities for dimensional analysis. The second table lists the derived physical quantities. Derived quantities can be expressed in terms of the base quantities.

Note that neither the names nor the symbols used for the physical quantities are international standards. Some quantities are known as several different names such as the magnetic B-field which is known as the magnetic flux density, the magnetic induction or simply as the magnetic field depending on the context. Similarly, surface tension can be denoted by either σ, γ or T. The table usually lists only one name and symbol that is most commonly used.

The final column lists some special properties that some of the quantities have, such as their scaling behavior (i.e. whether the quantity is intensive or extensive), their transformation properties (i.e. whether the quantity is a scalar, vector, matrix or tensor), and whether the quantity is conserved.

Fundamental

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|+Fundamental quantities

style="width:20ex" | Base quantity

! style="width: 5ex" | Symbol

! style="min-width:20ex" class="unsortable"| Description

! style="width:30ex" | SI base unit

! style="width:15ex" | Dimension

! style="width:25ex" | Comments

Length

| style="text-align: center" | l

|The one-dimensional extent of an object

|metre (m)

| style="text-align: center" | L

| extensive

Mass

| style="text-align: center" | m

| A measure of resistance to acceleration

|kilogram (kg)

| style="text-align: center" | M

|extensive, scalar

Time

| style="text-align: center" | t

|The duration of an event

|second (s)

| style="text-align: center" | T

|scalar, intensive, extensive

Electric current

| style="text-align: center" | I

|Rate of flow of electrical charge per unit time

|ampere (A)

| style="text-align: center" | I

|extensive, scalar

Temperature

| style="text-align: center" | T

|Average kinetic energy per degree of freedom of a system

|kelvin (K)

| style="text-align: center" | Θ

|intensive, scalar

Amount of substance

| style="text-align: center" | n

|The quantity proportional to the number of particles in a sample, with the Avogadro constant as the proportionality constant

|mole (mol)

| style="text-align: center" | N

|extensive, scalar

style="width:30ex" class="unsortable"| formular
Luminous intensity

| style="text-align: center" | Iv

|Wavelength-weighted power of emitted light per unit solid angle

|candela (cd)

| style="text-align: center" | J

|scalar

Scalar

{{Main category|Scalar physical quantities}}

{{Incomplete list|date=May 2014}}

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|+Scalar quantities

style="width:18ex" | Derived quantity

! style="width: 5ex" | Symbol

! style="min-width:20ex" | Description

! style="width:30ex" | SI derived unit

! style="width:15ex" | Dimension

! style="width:25ex" | Comments

Absorbed dose rate

| style="text-align: center" | D

|Absorbed dose received per unit of time

|Gy/s

| style="text-align: center" | L2 T−3

|

Action

| style="text-align: center" | S

|Momentum of particle multiplied by distance travelled

| J/Hz

| style="text-align: center" | L2 M T−1

|scalar

Angular acceleration

| style="text-align: center" | ωa

|Change in angular velocity per unit time

| rad/s2

| style="text-align: center" | T−2

|

Area

| style="text-align: center" | A

|Extent of a surface

| m2

| style="text-align: center" | L2

|extensive, bivector or scalar

Area density

| style="text-align: center" | ρA

|Mass per unit area

| kg⋅m−2

| style="text-align: center" | L−2 M

|intensive

Capacitance

| style="text-align: center" | C

|Stored charge per unit electric potential

| farad (F = C/V)

| style="text-align: center" | L−2 M−1 T4 I2

|scalar

Catalytic activity concentration

|

|Change in reaction rate due to presence of a catalyst per unit volume of the system

| kat⋅m−3

| style="text-align: center" | L−3 T−1 N

|intensive

Chemical potential

| style="text-align: center" | μ

|Energy per unit change in amount of substance

| J/mol

| style="text-align: center" | L2 M T−2 N−1

|intensive

Dose equivalent

| style="text-align: center" | H

|Received radiation adjusted for the effect on biological tissue

| sievert (Sv = J/kg)

| style="text-align: center" | L2 T−2

|intensive

Electric charge

| style="text-align: center" | Q

|The force per unit electric field strength

| coulomb (C = A⋅s)

| style="text-align: center" | T I

|extensive, conserved

Electric charge density

| style="text-align: center" | ρQ

|Electric charge per unit volume

| C/m3

| style="text-align: center" | L−3 T I

|intensive

Electrical conductance

| style="text-align: center" | G

|Measure for how easily current flows through a material

| siemens (S = Ω−1)

| style="text-align: center" | L−2 M−1 T3 I2

|scalar

Electrical conductivity

| style="text-align: center" | σ

|Measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current

| S/m

| style="text-align: center" | L−3 M−1 T3 I2

|scalar

Electric potential

| style="text-align: center" | φ

|Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point

| volt (V = J/C)

| style="text-align: center" | L2 M T−3 I−1

|extensive, scalar

Electrical resistance

| style="text-align: center" | R

|Electric potential per unit electric current

| ohm (Ω = V/A)

| style="text-align: center" | L2 M T−3 I−2

|extensive, scalar, assumes linearity

Electrical resistivity

| style="text-align: center" | ρe

|Bulk property equivalent of electrical resistance

| ohm-metre (Ω⋅m)

| style="text-align: center" | L3 M T−3 I−2

|extensive, scalar, conserved

Energy

| style="text-align: center" | E

|Energy

| joule (J)

| style="text-align: center" | L2 M T−2

|

Energy density

| style="text-align: center" | ?

|Energy per volume

| J⋅m−3

| style="text-align: center" | L−1 M T−2

|intensive

Entropy

| style="text-align: center" | S

|Logarithmic measure of the number of available states of a system

| J/K

| style="text-align: center" | L2 M T−2 Θ−1

|extensive, scalar

Force

| style="text-align: center" | {{vec|{{math|F}}}}

|Transfer of momentum per unit time

| newton (N = kg⋅m⋅s−2)

| style="text-align: center" | L M T−2

|extensive, vector

Frequency

| style="text-align: center" | f

|Number of (periodic) occurrences per unit time

| hertz (Hz = s−1)

| style="text-align: center" | T−1

|scalar

Half-life

| style="text-align: center" | t1/2

|Time for a quantity to decay to half its initial value

| s

| style="text-align: center" | T

|

Heat

| style="text-align: center" | Q

|Thermal energy

| joule (J)

| style="text-align: center" | L2 M T−2

|

Heat capacity

| style="text-align: center" | Cp

|Energy per unit temperature change

| J/K

| style="text-align: center" | L2 M T−2 Θ−1

|extensive

Heat flux density

| style="text-align: center" | ϕQ

|Heat flow per unit time per unit surface area

| W/m2

| style="text-align: center" | M T−3

|

Illuminance

| style="text-align: center" | Ev

|Wavelength-weighted luminous flux per unit surface area

| lux (lx = cd⋅sr/m2)

| style="text-align: center" | L−2 J

|

Impedance

| style="text-align: center" | Z

|Resistance to an alternating current of a given frequency, including effect on phase

| ohm (Ω)

| style="text-align: center" | L2 M T−3 I−2

|complex scalar

Inductance

| style="text-align: center" | L

|Magnetic flux generated per unit current through a circuit

| henry (H)

| style="text-align: center" | L2 M T−2 I−2

|scalar

Irradiance

| style="text-align: center" | E

|Electromagnetic radiation power per unit surface area

| W/m2

| style="text-align: center" | M T−3

|intensive

Intensity

| style="text-align: center" | I

|Power per unit cross sectional area

| W/m2

| style="text-align: center" | M T−3

|intensive

Linear density

| style="text-align: center" | ρl

|Mass per unit length

| kg⋅m−1

| style="text-align: center" | L−1 M

|

Luminous flux (or luminous power)

| style="text-align: center" | F

|Perceived power of a light source

| lumen (lm = cd⋅sr)

| style="text-align: center" | J

|

Mach number (or mach)

| style="text-align: center" | M

|Ratio of flow velocity to the local speed of sound

| unitless

| style="text-align: center" | 1

|

Magnetic flux

| style="text-align: center" | Φ

|Measure of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field

| weber (Wb)

| style="text-align: center" | L2 M T−2 I−1

|scalar

Mass fraction

| style="text-align: center" | x

|Mass of a substance as a fraction of the total mass

| kg/kg

| style="text-align: center" | 1

|intensive

(Mass) Density (or volume density)

| style="text-align: center" | ρ

|Mass per unit volume

| kg/m3

| style="text-align: center" | L−3 M

|intensive

Mean lifetime

| style="text-align: center" | τ

|Average time for a particle of a substance to decay

| s

| style="text-align: center" | T

|intensive

Molar concentration

| style="text-align: center" | C

|Amount of substance per unit volume

| mol⋅m−3

| style="text-align: center" | L−3 N

|intensive

Molar energy

| style="text-align: center" | J/mol

|Amount of energy present in a system per unit amount of substance

| J/mol

| style="text-align: center" | L2 M T−2 N−1

|intensive

Molar entropy

| style="text-align: center" |

|Entropy per unit amount of substance

| J/(K⋅mol)

| style="text-align: center" | L2 M T−2 Θ−1 N−1

|intensive

Molar heat capacity

| style="text-align: center" | c

|Heat capacity of a material per unit amount of substance

| J/(K⋅mol)

| style="text-align: center" | L2 M T−2 Θ−1 N−1

|intensive

Moment of inertia

| style="text-align: center" | I

|Inertia of an object with respect to angular acceleration

| kg⋅m2

| style="text-align: center" | L2 M

|extensive, tensor, scalar

Optical power

| style="text-align: center" | P

|Measure of the effective curvature of a lens or curved mirror; inverse of focal length

|dioptre (dpt = m−1)

| style="text-align: center" | L−1

|

Permeability

| style="text-align: center" | μs

|Measure for how the magnetization of material is affected by the application of an external magnetic field

| H/m

| style="text-align: center" | L M T−2 I−2

|intensive

Permittivity

| style="text-align: center" | εs

|Measure for how the polarization of a material is affected by the application of an external electric field

| F/m

| style="text-align: center" | L−3 M−1 T4 I2

|intensive

Plane angle

| style="text-align: center" | θ

|Ratio of circular arc length to radius

| radian (rad)

| style="text-align: center" | 1

|

Power

| style="text-align: center" | P

|Rate of transfer of energy per unit time

| watt (W)

| style="text-align: center" | L2 MT−3

|extensive, scalar

Pressure

| style="text-align: center" | p

|Force per unit area

| pascal (Pa = N/m2)

| style="text-align: center" | L−1 MT−2

|intensive, scalar

(Radioactivity) Activity

| style="text-align: center" | A

|Number of particles decaying per unit time

| becquerel (Bq = Hz)

| style="text-align: center" | T−1

|extensive, scalar

(Radiation) Dose

| style="text-align: center" | D

|Ionizing radiation energy absorbed per unit mass

| gray (Gy = J/kg)

| style="text-align: center" | L2 T−2

|

Radiance

| style="text-align: center" | L

|Power of emitted electromagnetic radiation per unit solid angle per emitting source area

| W/(m2⋅sr)

| style="text-align: center" | M T−3

|

Radiant intensity

| style="text-align: center" | I

|Power of emitted electromagnetic radiation per unit solid angle

| W/sr

| style="text-align: center" | L2 M T−3

|scalar

Reaction rate

| style="text-align: center" | r

|Rate of a chemical reaction for unit time

| mol/(m3⋅s)

| style="text-align: center" | L−3 T−1 N

|intensive, scalar

Refractive index

| style="text-align: center" | n

|Factor by which the phase velocity of light is reduced in a medium

| unitless

| style="text-align: center" | 1

|intensive, scalar

Reluctance

| style="text-align: center" | \mathcal{R}

| resistance to the flow of magnetic flux

| H−1

| style="text-align: center" | L−2 M−1 T2 I2

| scalar

Solid angle

| style="text-align: center" | Ω

|Ratio of area on a sphere to its radius squared

| steradian (sr)

| style="text-align: center" | 2

|

Specific energy

| style="text-align: center" | e

|Energy density per unit mass

| J⋅kg−1

| style="text-align: center" | L2 T−2

|intensive

Specific heat capacity

| style="text-align: center" | c

|Heat capacity per unit mass

| J/(K⋅kg)

| style="text-align: center" | L2 T−2 Θ−1

|intensive

Specific volume

| style="text-align: center" | v

|Volume per unit mass (reciprocal of density)

| m3⋅kg−1

| style="text-align: center" | L3 M−1

|intensive

Spin

| style="text-align: center" | S

|Quantum-mechanically defined angular momentum of a particle

| kg⋅m2⋅s−1

| style="text-align: center" | L2 M T−1

|

Strain

| style="text-align: center" | ε

|Extension per unit length

|unitless

| style="text-align: center" | 1

|

Stress

| style="text-align: center" | σ

|Force per unit oriented surface area

| Pa

| style="text-align: center" | L−1 M T−2

|order 2 tensor

Surface tension

| style="text-align: center" | γ

|Energy change per unit change in surface area

| N/m or J/m2

| style="text-align: center" | M T−2

|

Thermal conductance

| style="text-align: center" | κ (or) λ

| Measure for the ease with which an object conducts heat

| W/K

| style="text-align: center" | L2 M T−3 Θ−1

|extensive

Thermal conductivity

| style="text-align: center" | λ

|Measure for the ease with which a material conducts heat

| W/(m⋅K)

| style="text-align: center" | L M T−3 Θ−1

|intensive

Thermal resistance

| style="text-align: center" | R

| Measure for the ease with which an object resists conduction of heat

| K/W

| style="text-align: center" | L−2 M−1 T3 Θ

|extensive

Thermal resistivity

| style="text-align: center" | Rλ

| Measure for the ease with which a material resists conduction of heat

| K⋅m/W

| style="text-align: center" | L−1 M−1 T3 Θ

|intensive

Viscosity

| style="text-align: center" | η

|The measure of the internal friction in a fluid

| Pa⋅s

| style="text-align: center" | L−1 M T−1

|intensive, scalar

Volume

| style="text-align: center" | V

|Three dimensional extent of an object

| m3

| style="text-align: center" | L3

|extensive, scalar

Volumetric flow rate

| style="text-align: center" | Q

|Rate of change of volume with respect to time

| m3⋅s−1

| style="text-align: center" | L3 T−1

|extensive, scalar

Wavelength

| style="text-align: center" | λ

|Perpendicular distance between repeating units of a wave

| m

| style="text-align: center" | L

|

Wavenumber

| style="text-align: center" | k

|Repetency or spatial frequency: the number of cycles per unit distance

| m−1

| style="text-align: center" | L−1

|scalar

Work

| style="text-align: center" | W

|Transferred energy

| joule (J)

| style="text-align: center" | L2 M T−2

|scalar

Young's modulus

| style="text-align: center" | E

|Ratio of stress to strain

| pascal (Pa = N/m2)

| style="text-align: center" | L−1 M T−2

|scalar; assumes isotropic linear material

spring constant

| style="text-align: center" | k

|k is the torsional constant (measured in N·m/radian), which characterizes the stiffness of the torsional spring or the resistance to angular displacement.

|N/m

|M T−2

|scalar

Vector

{{Main category|Vector physical quantities}}

{{Incomplete list|date=May 2014}}

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|+Vector quantities

style="width:18ex" | Derived quantity

! style="width: 5ex" | Symbol

! style="min-width:20ex" | Description

! style="width:30ex" | SI derived unit

! style="width:15ex" | Dimension

! style="width:25ex" | Comments

Absement

| style="text-align: center" | A

|Measure of sustained displacement: the first integral with respect to time of displacement

| m⋅s

| style="text-align: center" | L T

|vector

Acceleration

| style="text-align: center" | {{vec|{{math|a}}}}

|Rate of change of velocity per unit time: the second time derivative of position

| m/s2

| style="text-align: center" | L T−2

|vector

Angular acceleration

| style="text-align: center" | ωa

|Change in angular velocity per unit time

| rad/s2

| style="text-align: center" | T−2

|pseudovector

Angular momentum

| style="text-align: center" | L

|Measure of the extent and direction an object rotates about a reference point

| kg⋅m2/s

| style="text-align: center" | L2 M T−1

|conserved, bivector

Angular velocity

| style="text-align: center" | ω

|The angle incremented in a plane by a segment connecting an object and a reference point per unit time

| rad/s

| style="text-align: center" | T−1

|bivector

Area

| style="text-align: center" | A

|Extent of a surface

| m2

| style="text-align: center" | L2

|extensive, bivector or scalar

Centrifugal force

| style="text-align: center" | Fc

|Inertial force that appears to act on all objects when viewed in a rotating frame of reference

| N⋅rad = kg⋅m⋅rad⋅s−2

| style="text-align: center" | L M T−2

|bivector

Crackle

| style="text-align: center" | {{vec|{{math|c}}}}

|Change of jounce per unit time: the fifth time derivative of position

| m/s5

| style="text-align: center" | L T−5

|vector

Current density

| style="text-align: center" | {{math|{{vec|J }}}}

|Electric current per unit cross-section area

| A/m2

| style="text-align: center" | L−2 I

|conserved, intensive, vector

Electric dipole moment

| style="text-align: center" | p

|Measure of the separation of equal and opposite electric charges

| C⋅m

| style="text-align: center" | L T I

|vector

Electric displacement field

| style="text-align: center" | {{math|{{vec|D}}}}

|Strength of the electric displacement

| C/m2

| style="text-align: center" | L−2 T I

|vector field

Electric field strength

| style="text-align: center" | {{math|{{vec|E}}}}

|Strength of the electric field

| V/m, N/C

| style="text-align: center" | L M T−3 I−1

|vector field

Force

| style="text-align: center" | {{vec|{{math|F}}}}

|Transfer of momentum per unit time

| newton (N = kg⋅m⋅s−2)

| style="text-align: center" | L M T−2

|extensive, vector

Impulse

| style="text-align: center" | J

|Transferred momentum

| newton-second (N⋅s = kg⋅m/s)

| style="text-align: center" | L M T−1

|vector

Jerk

| style="text-align: center" | {{vec|{{math|j}}}}

|Change of acceleration per unit time: the third time derivative of position

| m/s3

| style="text-align: center" | L T−3

|vector

Jounce (or snap)

| style="text-align: center" | {{vec|{{math|s}}}}

|Change of jerk per unit time: the fourth time derivative of position

| m/s4

| style="text-align: center" | L T−4

|vector

Magnetic field strength

| style="text-align: center" | H

|Strength of a magnetic field

| A/m

| style="text-align: center" | L−1 I

|vector field

Magnetic flux density

| style="text-align: center" | B

|Measure for the strength of the magnetic field

| tesla (T = Wb/m2)

| style="text-align: center" | M T−2 I−1

|pseudovector field

Magnetic moment (or magnetic dipole moment)

| style="text-align: center" | m

|The component of magnetic strength and orientation that can be represented by an equivalent magnetic dipole

| N⋅m/T

| style="text-align: center" | L2 I

|vector

Magnetization

| style="text-align: center" | M

|Amount of magnetic moment per unit volume

| A/m

| style="text-align: center" | L−1 I

|vector field

Momentum

| style="text-align: center" | {{vec|{{math|p}}}}

|Product of an object's mass and velocity

| kg⋅m/s

| style="text-align: center" | L M T−1

|vector, extensive

Pop

| style="text-align: center" | {{vec|{{math|p}}}}

|Rate of change of crackle per unit time: the sixth time derivative of position

| m/s6

| style="text-align: center" | L T−6

|vector

Pressure gradient

| style="text-align: center" | \nabla p

|Pressure per unit distance

| pascal/m

| style="text-align: center" | L−2 M1 T−2

|vector

Temperature gradient

| style="text-align: center" | \nabla T

| steepest rate of temperature change at a particular location

| K/m

| style="text-align: center" | L−1 Θ

| vector

Torque

| style="text-align: center" | τ

|Product of a force and the perpendicular distance of the force from the point about which it is exerted

| newton-metre (N⋅m)

| style="text-align: center" | L2 M T−2

|bivector (or pseudovector in 3D)

Velocity

| style="text-align: center" | {{vec|{{math|v}}}}

|Moved distance per unit time: the first time derivative of position

| m/s

| style="text-align: center" | L T−1

|vector

Wavevector

| style="text-align: center" | {{math|{{vec|k}}}}

|Repetency or spatial frequency vector: the number of cycles per unit distance

| m−1

| style="text-align: center" | L−1

|vector

Weight

| style="text-align: center" | w

|Gravitational force on an object

| newton (N = kg⋅m/s2)

| style="text-align: center" | L M T−2

|vector

Tensor

{{Main category|Tensor physical quantities}}

{{Incomplete list|date=May 2014}}

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|+Tensor quantities

style="width:18ex" | Derived quantity

! style="width: 5ex" | Symbol

! style="min-width:20ex" | Description

! style="width:30ex" | SI derived unit

! style="width:15ex" | Dimension

! style="width:25ex" | Comments

Moment of inertia

| style="text-align: center" | I

|Inertia of an object with respect to angular acceleration

| kg⋅m2

| style="text-align: center" | L2 M

|extensive, tensor, scalar

Stress

| style="text-align: center" | σ

|Force per unit oriented surface area

| Pa

| style="text-align: center" | L−1 M T−2

| order 2 tensor

Electric_susceptibility(for non-isotropic linear dielectrics)

| style="text-align:center;" | χ

| Polarization density per unit electric field

| 1

| style="text-align:center;" | 1

| tensor, scalar

See also