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List of presidents of Italy

{{Short description|None}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}

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| image3 = Presidente Napolitano.jpg

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|Top left: Enrico De Nicola was the first president of the Italian Republic.

|Top right: Antonio Segni was the first president to resign from office.

|Bottom left: Giorgio Napolitano was the first president to be re-elected.

|Bottom right: Sergio Mattarella is the current president of the Italian Republic and the longest-serving president in Italian history.}}

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The president of Italy ({{langx|it|Presidente della Repubblica}}) is the head of state of the Italian Republic. Since 1948, there have been 12 presidents of Italy.

The official residence of the president is the Quirinal Palace in Rome. Among the Italian presidents, three came from Campania (all from Naples), three from Piedmont, two each from Sardinia (both from Sassari) and from Tuscany, one from Liguria, and one from Sicily. No woman has ever held the office.

Election

The president of the Republic is elected by Parliament in a joint session of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. In addition, the 20 regions of Italy appoint 58 representatives as special electors. Three representatives come from each region, save for the small Aosta Valley which appoints one, so as to guarantee representation for all localities and minorities.

According to the Constitution, the election must be held in the form of secret ballot, with all senators, all deputies and the 58 regional representatives all voting. A two-thirds vote is required to elect on any of the first three rounds of balloting and after that a majority suffices. The election is presided over by the Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies, who calls for the public counting of the votes. The vote is held in the Palazzo Montecitorio, home of the Chamber of Deputies, which is expanded and re-configured for the event.

The president assumes office after having taken an oath before Parliament and delivering a presidential address. Presidents are elected to serve a seven-year term. Giorgio Napolitano was the first president to be elected to a second term in 2013, followed by Sergio Mattarella in 2022.

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Presidents of the Italian Republic (1948–present)

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; style="width=85%"
colspan="9"|{{Legend2|{{party color|Italian Liberal Party}}|PLI|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}{{nb5}}{{Legend2|{{party color|Christian Democracy (Italy)}}|DC|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}{{nb5}}{{Legend2|{{party color|Italian Democratic Socialist Party}}|PSDI|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}{{nb5}}{{Legend2|{{party color|Italian Socialist Party}}|PSI|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}{{nb5}}{{Legend2|{{party color|Democrats of the Left}}|DS|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}{{nb5}}{{Legend2|{{party color|Independent politician}}|Independent|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
width=1% rowspan="2"| Portrait

! width=15% rowspan="2"| Name
{{small|(Birth–Death)}}

! width=20% colspan="2"| Term of office

! width=15% rowspan="2" colspan="2"| Party

! width=5% rowspan="2"|Election

! width=1% rowspan="2"|{{abbr|Ref.|References}}

style="text-align:center;"

! width=10%|Took office

! width=10%|Left office

style="height:9em;"

!rowspan="2"|110px

!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |Enrico De Nicola
{{small|(1877–1959)}}

|class="nowrap"|1 January 1948{{efn|De Nicola was already provisional head of state since 1 July 1946.}}

|class="nowrap"|12 May 1948

|width="1" rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Italian Liberal Party}};"|

|rowspan="2"|Italian Liberal Party

!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |1947

|rowspan="2"|{{cite web|url=http://presidenti.quirinale.it/Denicola/den-biografia.htm|title=La biografia del Presidente De Nicola|publisher=Presidenza della Repubblica italiana}}

style="height:4em;"

|colspan="2"|{{age in years and days|1948|1|1|1948|5|12}}

style="height:9em;"

!rowspan="2"|110px

!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |Luigi Einaudi
{{small|(1874–1961)}}

|class="nowrap"|12 May 1948

|class="nowrap"|11 May 1955

|width="1" rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Italian Liberal Party}};"|

|rowspan="2"|Italian Liberal Party

!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |1948

|rowspan="2"|{{cite web|url=http://presidenti.quirinale.it/Einaudi/ein-biografia.htm|title=La biografia del Presidente Einaudi|publisher=Presidenza della Repubblica italiana}}

style="height:4em;"

|colspan="2"|{{age in years and days|1948|5|12|1955|5|11}}

style="height:9em;"

!rowspan="2"|110px

!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |Giovanni Gronchi
{{small|(1887–1978)}}

|class="nowrap"|11 May 1955

|class="nowrap"|11 May 1962

|width="1" rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Christian Democracy (Italy)}};"|

|rowspan="2"|Christian Democracy

!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |1955

|rowspan="2"|{{cite web|url=http://presidenti.quirinale.it/Gronchi/gro-biografia.htm|title=La biografia del Presidente Gronchi|publisher=Presidenza della Repubblica italiana}}

style="height:4em;"

|colspan="2"|{{age in years and days|1955|5|11|1962|5|11}}

style="height:9em;"

!rowspan="2"|110px

!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |Antonio Segni
{{small|(1891–1972)}}

|class="nowrap"|11 May 1962

|class="nowrap"|6 December 1964{{efn|After suffering a serious cerebral hemorrhage, Segni resigned for health reasons, becoming the first president to do so.}}

|width="1" rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Christian Democracy (Italy)}};"|

|rowspan="2| Christian Democracy

!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |1962

|rowspan="2"|{{cite web|url=http://presidenti.quirinale.it/Segni/seg-biografia.htm|title=La biografia del Presidente Segni|publisher=Presidenza della Repubblica italiana}}

style="height:4em;"

|colspan="2"|{{age in years and days|1962|5|11|1964|12|6}}

style="height:9em;"

!rowspan="2"|110px

!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |Giuseppe Saragat
{{small|(1898–1988)}}

|class="nowrap"|29 December 1964

|class="nowrap"|29 December 1971

|width="1" rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Italian Democratic Socialist Party}};"|

|rowspan="2"|Italian Democratic Socialist Party

!rowspan="2"style="font-weight:normal" |1964

|rowspan="2"|{{cite web|url=http://presidenti.quirinale.it/Saragat/sar-biografia.htm|title=La biografia del Presidente Saragat|publisher=Presidenza della Repubblica italiana}}

style="height:4em;"

|colspan="2"|{{age in years and days|1964|12|29|1971|12|29}}

style="height:9em;"

!rowspan="2"|110px

!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |Giovanni Leone
{{small|(1908–2001)}}

|class="nowrap"|29 December 1971

|class="nowrap"|15 June 1978{{efn|After being involved in a bribery scandal, Leone resigned.}}

|width="2" rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Christian Democracy (Italy)}};"|

|rowspan="2"|Christian Democracy

!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |1971

|rowspan="2"|{{cite web|url=http://presidenti.quirinale.it/Leone/leo-biografia.htm|title=La biografia del Presidente Leone|publisher=Presidenza della Repubblica italiana}}

style="height:4em;"

|colspan="2"|{{age in years and days|1971|12|29|1978|6|15}}

style="height:9em;"

!rowspan="2"|110px

!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |Sandro Pertini
{{small|(1896–1990)}}

|class="nowrap"|9 July 1978

|class="nowrap"|29 June 1985{{efn|name=speed|Resigned in order to bring forward the inauguration ceremony of the President-elect.}}

|width="2" rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Italian Socialist Party}};"|

|rowspan="2"|Italian Socialist Party

!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |1978

|rowspan="2"|{{cite web|url=http://presidenti.quirinale.it/Pertini/per-biografia.htm|title=La biografia del Presidente Pertini|publisher=Presidenza della Repubblica italiana}}

style="height:4em;"

|colspan="2"|{{age in years and days|1978|7|9|1985|6|29}}

style="height:9em;"

!rowspan="2"|110px

!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |Francesco Cossiga
{{small|(1928–2010)}}

|class="nowrap"|3 July 1985

|class="nowrap"|28 April 1992{{efn|Cossiga resigned in order to favor the resolution of the political crisis after the 1992 general election.}}

|width="1" rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Christian Democracy (Italy)}};"|

|rowspan="2"|Christian Democracy

!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |1985

|rowspan="2"|{{cite web|url=http://presidenti.quirinale.it/Cossiga/cos-biografia.htm|title=La biografia del Presidente Cossiga|publisher=Presidenza della Repubblica italiana}}

style="height:4em;"

|colspan="2"|{{age in years and days|1985|7|3|1992|4|28}}

style="height:9em;"

!rowspan="2"|110px

!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |Oscar Luigi Scalfaro
{{small|(1918–2012)}}

|class="nowrap"|28 May 1992

|class="nowrap"|15 May 1999{{efn|name=speed}}

|width="1" rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Christian Democracy (Italy)}};"|

|rowspan="2"|Christian Democracy{{efn|Scalfaro left the Christian Democracy in 1992, when he was elected president. In 1994 the DC was disbanded and Scalfaro would never re-join a party.}}

!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |1992

|rowspan="2"|{{cite web|url=http://presidenti.quirinale.it/Scalfaro/sca-biografia.htm|title=La biografia del Presidente Scalfaro|publisher=Presidenza della Repubblica italiana}}

style="height:4em;"

|colspan="2"|{{age in years and days|1992|5|28|1999|5|15}}

style="height:9em;"

!rowspan="2"|110px

!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |Carlo Azeglio Ciampi
{{small|(1920–2016)}}

|class="nowrap"|18 May 1999

|class="nowrap"|15 May 2006{{efn|name=speed}}

|width="1" rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Independent politician}};"|

|rowspan="2"|Independent{{efn|Ciampi was a member of the Action Party, which was dissolved in 1947.}}

!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |1999

|rowspan="2"|{{cite web|url=http://presidenti.quirinale.it/Ciampi/cia-biografia.htm|title=La biografia del Presidente Ciampi|publisher=Presidenza della Repubblica italiana}}

style="height:4em;"

|colspan="2"|{{age in years and days|1999|5|18|2006|5|15}}

style="height:9em;"

!rowspan="2"|110px

!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |Giorgio Napolitano
{{small|(1925–2023)}}

|class="nowrap"|15 May 2006

|class="nowrap"|14 January 2015{{efn|At 89 years old, Napolitano resigned due to age reasons.}}

|rowspan="2" width="1" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Democrats of the Left}};"|

|rowspan="2"|Democrats of the Left /
Independent{{efn|Napolitano was a member of the Italian Communist Party, of the Democratic Party of the Left and of the Democrats of the Left until his election as President in 2006.}}

!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |2006

2013

|rowspan="2"|{{cite web|url=http://presidenti.quirinale.it/Napolitano/nap-biografia.htm|title=La biografia del Presidente Napolitano|publisher=Presidenza della Repubblica italiana}}

style="height:4em;"

|colspan="2"|{{age in years and days|2006|5|15|2015|1|14}}

style="height:9em;"

!rowspan="2"|110px

!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |Sergio Mattarella
{{small|(born 1941)}}

|class="nowrap"|3 February 2015

|class="nowrap"|Incumbent

|width="1" rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Independent politician}};"|

|rowspan="2"|Independent{{efn|Mattarella was a member of the Christian Democracy, of the Italian People's Party, of The Daisy and of the Democratic Party, but he quit political commitment when he left the Parliament in 2008.}}

!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |2015

2022

|rowspan="2"|{{cite web|url=https://www.quirinale.it/page/biografia|title=La biografia del Presidente Mattarella|publisher=Presidenza della Repubblica italiana}}

style="height:4em;"

|colspan="2"|{{age in years and days|2015|2|3}}

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Substitute of the head of state

The Acting President of the Republic ({{langx|it|Presidente supplente della Repubblica}}) is an office not explicitly provided for in the Italian Constitution, but deriving from the provision contained in the article 86.[https://www.brocardi.it/costituzione/parte-ii/titolo-ii/art86.html Articolo 86, Costituzione della Repubblica Italiana], Brocardi On various occasions, officials had to intercede in the absence of a head of state (notably in the case of a president's resignation or ill health). Only Enrico De Nicola, who was elected to be provisional head of state by the Constitutional Assembly on 28 June 1946, had an official title and took residence in the Quirinal Palace.[http://www.parlalex.it/pagina.asp?id=2823 Decreto legislativo luogotenenziale], parlalex.it The others took the powers, but not the title of Head of State. After the adoption of the Italian Constitution in 1948, the president of the Senate is eligible to take the powers of head of state in case of absence of the President of the Republic.

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; style="width=85%"
colspan="8"|{{Legend2|{{party color|Christian Democracy (Italy)}}|DC|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}{{nb5}}{{Legend2|{{party color|Italian Liberal Party}}|PLI|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}{{nb5}}{{Legend2|{{party color|Italian Republican Party}}|PRI|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}{{nb5}}{{Legend2|{{party color|Italian People's Party (1994)}}|PPI|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}{{nb5}}{{Legend2|{{party color|Democratic Party (Italy)}}|PD|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}{{nb5}}{{Legend2|{{party color|Independent politician}}|Independent|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
width=1% rowspan="2"| Portrait

! width=15% rowspan="2"| Name
{{small|(Birth–Death)}}

! width=20% colspan="2"| Term of office

! width=15% rowspan="2" colspan="2"| Party

! width=5% rowspan="2"|Election

! width=1% rowspan="2"|{{abbr|Ref.|References}}

style="text-align:center;"

! width=10%|Took office

! width=10%|Left office

style="height:9em;"

!rowspan="2"|110px

!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |Alcide De Gasperi
{{small|(1881–1954)}}

|class="nowrap"|13 June 1946

|class="nowrap"|1 July 1946

|width="1" rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Christian Democracy (Italy)}};"|

|rowspan="2"|Christian Democracy

!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" | —

|rowspan="2"|{{efn|De Gasperi exercised the powers of provisional head of state as Prime Minister of Italy between the departure of King Umberto II on 13 June 1946 and the proclamation of Enrico De Nicola as head of state by the Constitutional Assembly on 1 July 1946.}}

style="height:4em;"

|colspan="2"|{{age in years and days|1946|6|13|1946|7|1}}

style="height:9em;"

!rowspan="2"|110px

!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |Enrico De Nicola
{{small|(1877–1959)}}

|class="nowrap"|1 July 1946

|class="nowrap"|31 December 1947

|width="1" rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Italian Liberal Party}};"|

|rowspan="2"|Italian Liberal Party

!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |1946

1947

|rowspan="2"|{{efn|De Nicola was the only provisional president who had the title and not only the powers of provisional head of state. He assumed the office on 1 July 1946 and officially became the president of the Republic on 1 January 1948 as ordered by the new Constitution.}}

style="height:4em;"

|colspan="2"|{{age in years and days|1946|7|1|1947|12|31}}

style="height:9em;"

!rowspan="2"|110px

!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |Cesare Merzagora
{{small|(1898–1991)}}

|class="nowrap"|6 December 1964

|class="nowrap"|29 December 1964

|width="1" rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Independent politician}};"|

|rowspan="2"|Independent

!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" | —

|rowspan="2"|{{efn|Merzagora, as President of the Senate, assumed temporary powers for President Antonio Segni after his cerebral hemorrhage of 10 August 1964 and assumed full powers after his resignation of 6 December and until 29 December 1964.}}

style="height:4em;"

|colspan="2"|{{age in years and days|1964|12|6|1964|12|29}}

style="height:9em;"

!rowspan="2"|110px

!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |Amintore Fanfani
{{small|(1908–1999)}}

|class="nowrap"|15 June 1978

|class="nowrap"|9 July 1978

|width="1" rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Christian Democracy (Italy)}};"|

|rowspan="2"|Christian Democracy

!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" | —

|rowspan=2"|{{efn|Fanfani, as President of the Senate, assumed powers from President Giovanni Leone after his resignation for a bribery scandal on 15 June 1978. He exercised the powers until 9 July 1978.}}

style="height:4em;"

|colspan="2"|{{age in years and days|1978|6|15|1978|7|9}}

style="height:9em;"

!rowspan="2"|110px

!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |Francesco Cossiga
{{small|(1928–2010)}}

|class="nowrap"|29 June 1985

|class="nowrap"|3 July 1985

|width="1" rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Christian Democracy (Italy)}};"|

|rowspan="2"|Christian Democracy

!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" | —

|rowspan="2"|{{efn|Cossiga, as President of the Senate, assumed powers from President Sandro Pertini on 29 June 1985, just four days before taking office as President.}}

style="height:4em;"

|colspan="2"|{{age in years and days|1985|6|29|1985|7|3}}

style="height:9em;"

!rowspan="2"|110px

!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |Giovanni Spadolini
{{small|(1925–1994)}}

|class="nowrap"|28 April 1992

|class="nowrap"|28 May 1992

|width="1" rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Italian Republican Party}};"|

|rowspan="2"|Italian Republican Party

!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" | —

|rowspan="2"|{{efn|Spadolini, as President of the Senate, assumed powers from President Francesco Cossiga on 28 April 1992. He exercised the powers until 28 May 1992.}}

style="height:4em;"

|colspan="2"|{{age in years and days|1992|4|28|1992|5|28}}

style="height:9em;"

!rowspan="2"|110px

!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |Nicola Mancino
{{small|(born 1931)}}

|class="nowrap"|15 May 1999

|class="nowrap"|18 May 1999

|width="1" rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Italian People's Party (1994)}};"|

|rowspan="2"|Italian People's Party

!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" | —

|rowspan="2"|{{efn|Mancino, as President of the Senate, assumed powers from President Oscar Luigi Scalfaro on 15 May 1999. He exercised the powers until 18 May 1999.}}

style="height:4em;"

|colspan="2"|{{age in years and days|1999|5|15|1999|5|18}}

style="height:9em;"

!rowspan="2"|110px

!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |Pietro Grasso
{{small|(born 1945)}}

|class="nowrap"|14 January 2015

|class="nowrap"|3 February 2015

|width="1" rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Democratic Party (Italy)}};"|

|rowspan="2"|Democratic Party

!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" | —

|rowspan="2"|{{efn|Grasso, as President of the Senate, assumed powers from President Giorgio Napolitano on 14 January 2015. He exercised the powers until 3 February 2015.}}

style="height:4em;"

|colspan="2"|{{age in years and days|2015|1|14|2015|2|3}}

See also

Notes

{{notelist}}

References

{{reflist}}

External links

  • {{in lang|it}} [http://www.quirinale.it/ {{lang|it|Presidenza della Repubblica}}] – official site of the president of Italian Republic

{{Commons category|Presidents of Italy}}

{{Italian Presidents}}

{{Italy topics}}

{{portalbar|Italy|politics}}

Italy

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Category:History of the Italian Republic

Presidents

it:Presidenti della Repubblica Italiana#Elenco dei presidenti della Repubblica Italiana