List of tallest structures in Europe
{{Short description|None}}
{{Further|List of tallest buildings in Europe}}
{{GeoGroupTemplate}}
This is a list of the tallest structures of any kind which exist in Europe. The list contains all types of structures, including guyed masts and oil drilling platforms of 350 metres (1,150 feet) or more. The list doesn't contain Warsaw Radio Mast which was the tallest structure in the world between 1974 and 8 August 1991 at 2120 ft (646.38 m), but does not exist anymore.
Sortable list
class="wikitable sortable" | ||||||||
Name
! Structural type ! Usage ! Pinnacle height ! Year ! Country ! Town ! Coordinates ! Remarks | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ostankino Tower | concrete tower | observation, FM-/TV-transmission | {{convert|540|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 1967 | Russia (Soviet Union at time of construction) | Moscow | {{Coord|55|49|10.94|N|37|36|41.79|E|type:landmark|name=Ostankino Tower}} | The tallest structure in Europe. Fire in 2000 led to renovation |
Troll A platform | offshore platform | gas drilling and production | {{convert|472|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 1996 | Norway | North Sea | {{coord|60|40|N|3|40|E|type:landmark|name=Troll A platform}} | {{convert|303|m|abbr=on}} of height is below sea surface |
Lakhta Center | skyscraper | offices and public spaces | {{convert|462|m|abbr=on}} | 2019 | Russia | Saint Petersburg | {{WikidataCoord|Q4255374|display=}} | The tallest building in Europe |
Longwave radio mast Hellissandur | guyed mast | longwave transmission | {{convert|412|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 1963 | Iceland | Hellissandur | {{coord|64|54|26|N|23|55|20|W|type:landmark|name=Longwave radio mast Hellissandur}} | Built as LORAN-C station. Converted by RÚV for LW broadcasts at 300kW.{{Cite web |title=Austri - 41. tölublað (25.11.1999) - Tímarit.is |url=https://timarit.is/page/7298235?iabr=on#page/n7/mode/1up/search/gufusk%C3%A1lar |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=timarit.is}} |
Emley Moor radio mast | concrete tower | FM-/TV-transmission | {{convert|385.5|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 1964 | United Kingdom | Emley, West Yorkshire | {{coord|53|36|45.73|N|1|39|57.81|W|type:landmark|name=Emley Moor Mk. 2}} | Collapsed on 19 March 1969, due to icing. Replaced by {{convert|330|m|abbr=on}} tall concrete tower |
Kyiv TV Tower | lattice tower | FM-/TV-transmission | {{convert|385|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 1973 | Ukraine (Soviet Union at time of construction) | Kyiv | {{Coord|50|28|16.49|N|30|27|11.97|E|type:landmark|name=Kyiv TV Tower}} | Tallest lattice tower in the world. Damaged. |
Gullfaks C | offshore platform | Oil drilling and production | {{convert|380|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 1990 | Norway | North Sea | {{coord|61|12|53.80|N|2|16|25.93|E|type:landmark|name=Gullfaks C}} | {{convert|217|m|abbr=on}} of height is below sea surface |
Federation Tower: East Tower | skyscraper | offices | {{convert|373.7|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 2016 | Russia | Moscow | {{WikidataCoord|Q94193|display=}} | |
Torreta de Guardamar | guyed mast | LF-transmission | {{convert|370|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 1962 | Spain | Guardamar del Segura | {{coord|38|4|18.84|N|0|39|52.65|W|type:landmark|name=Torreta de Guardamar}} | Radio mast used by Spanish Navy |
Riga Radio and TV Tower | concrete tower | observation, FM-/TV-transmission | {{convert|368|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 1987 | Latvia | Riga | {{Coord|56|55|26.08|N|24|08|13.26|E|type:landmark|name=Riga Radio and TV Tower}} | Tripod construction, resembling the Eiffel Tower |
Berliner Fernsehturm | concrete tower | observation, FM-/TV-transmission | {{convert|368|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 1969 | Germany (East Germany at time of construction) | Berlin | {{Coord|52|31|14.91|N|13|24|33.95|E|type:landmark|name=Berlin TV Tower}} | Was {{convert|365|m|abbr=on}} tall when completed in 1969 |
Gerbrandy Tower | partially guyed tower | FM-/TV-transmission | {{convert|366.8|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 1961 | Netherlands | IJsselstein | {{coord|52|00|34.38|N|05|03|14.53|E|type:landmark|name=Gerbrandy Tower}} | Original height: {{convert|382.5|m|abbr=on}}. 1987: height reduction to {{convert|375|m|abbr=on}}. 2007: further height reduction to {{convert|366.8|m|abbr=on}} |
Skelton transmitter | guyed mast | VLF-transmission | {{convert|365|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 2001 | United Kingdom | Skelton, Cumbria | {{Coord|54|43|54.5|N|2|52|58.9|W|type:landmark|name=Skelton Radio Mast}} | Insulated against ground |
Trbovlje Chimney | concrete tower | chimney | {{convert|364|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 1976 | Slovenia | Trbovlje | {{coord|46|7|33.68|N|15|03|42.34|E|type:landmark|name=Trbovlje Chimney}} | Tallest chimney in Europe |
Sender Donebach | guyed masts | longwave transmission | {{convert|363|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 1982 | Germany (West Germany | Donebach | {{Coord|49|33|40.25|N|9|10|22.76|E|type:landmark|name=Donebach transmitter, Mast 1}} ; {{Coord|49|33|33.53|N|9|10|50.82|E|type:landmark|name=Donebach transmitter, Mast 2}} | |
Tambov TV Mast | guyed mast | FM-/TV-transmission | {{convert|360|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 1991 | Russia | Tambov | {{Coord|52|46|51.1|N|41|24|50.8|E|type:landmark|name=Tambov TV Mast}} | |
at time o|Donetsk TV Mast | guyed mast | FM-/TV-transmission | {{convert|360|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 1992 | Ukraine | Donetsk | {{Coord|47|56|43.49|N|37|38|36.95|E|type:landmark_region:UA|name=Donetsk TV Mast}} | |
Novosokolniki TV Mast | guyed mast | FM-/TV-transmission | {{convert|360|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 1995 | Russia | Novosokolniki | {{Coord|56|20|00|N|30|01|00|E|type:landmark|name=Novosokolniki TV Mast }} | |
Longwave transmitter Ingøy | guyed mast | longwave transmission | {{convert|360|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 2000 | Norway | Ingøya | {{coord|71|04|17.5|N|24|05|15|E|type:landmark|name=Ingoy longwave transmitter}} | Grounded, upfed |
Sender Zehlendorf, new longwave transmission mast | guyed mast | longwave /FM-transmission | {{convert|360|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 1979 | Germany (East Germany at time of construction) | Zehlendorf bei Oranienburg, Brandenburg | {{Coord|52|47|41.87|N|13|23|9.5|E|type:landmark|name=Zehlendorf Longwave Mast}} | Grounded structure with cage antenna |
FM- and TV-mast Kosztowy | guyed mast | FM-/TV-transmission | {{convert|358.7|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 1976 | Poland | Kosztowy | {{coord|50|11|16.75|N|19|06|57.97|E|type:landmark|name=FM- and TV-mast Kosztowy}} | |
Richtfunkstelle Berlin-Frohnau | guyed mast | directional radio link | {{convert|358.5|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 1978 | Germany (West Germany at time of construction) | Berlin-Frohnau, Berlin | {{Coord|52|39|13.66|N|13|17|43.59|E|type:landmark|name=Frohnau Radio Relay Mast (demolished)}} | Demolished on 8 February 2009 by explosives |
at time o|Pieczewo TV Mast | guyed mast | FM-/TV-transmission | {{convert|356.5|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 1969 | Poland | Olsztyn | {{coord|53|45|11.94|N|20|31|5.33|E|type:landmark|name=FM- and TV-mast Olsztyn-Pieczewo}} | |
Endesa Termic | concrete tower | chimney | {{convert|356|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 1974 | Spain | As Pontes, Galicia | {{coord|43|26|29|N|7|51|45.50|W|type:landmark|name=Endesa Termic}} | |
RKS Liblice 2 | guyed masts | AM transmission (now turned off) | {{convert|355|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 1980 | Czech Republic (Czechoslovakia at time of construction) | Liblice, Český Brod | {{Coord|50|3|43.37|N|14|53|11.27|E|type:landmark|name=RKS Liblice, Mast 1}} ; {{Coord|50|3|47.12|N|14|53|12.84|E|type:landmark|name=RKS Liblice, Mast 2}} | Tallest masts used for medium wave broadcasting, grounded structures with cage antennas. |
Străşeni TV Mast | guyed mast | FM-/TV-transmission | {{convert|355|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 1985 | Moldova (Soviet Union at time of construction)
| Străşeni | {{Coord|47|07|18.97|N|28|33|54.27|E|type:landmark|name=Străşeni TV Mast}} | ||
Lipetsk TV Mast | guyed mast | FM-/TV-transmission | {{convert|354.6|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 1991 | Russia | Lipetsk | {{Coord|52|40|13|N|39|28|59|E|type:landmark|name=Lipetsk TV Mast}} | |
OKO: South Tower | skyscraper | residential, hotel | {{convert|354.2|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 2015 | Russia | Moscow | {{WikidataCoord|Q4332610|display=}} | |
TV Tower Vinnytsia | guyed mast | FM-/TV-transmission | {{convert|354|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 1961 | Ukraine (Soviet Union at time of construction) | Vinnytsia | {{Coord|49|14|39.6|N|28|25|45.99|E|type:landmark_region:UA|name=TV Tower Vinnytsia}} | Equipped with six crossbars running from the mast body to the guys |
Sosnovy Longwave Radio Mast | guyed mast | longwave transmission | {{convert|353.5|m|abbr=on}} | ? | Belarus (Soviet Union at time of construction) | Sosnovy | {{Coord|53|24|10.71|N|28|31|16.32|E|type:landmark|name=Sosnovy Longwave Radio Mast}} | |
VLF transmitter DHO38 | guyed masts | VLF-transmission | {{convert|353|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 1982 | Germany (West Germany at time of construction)) | Saterland-Ramsloh, Lower Saxony | {{coord|53|05|22.15|N|07|37|06.19|E|type:landmark|name=DHO38, Mast 1}} ; {{coord|53|05|14.42|N|07|36|31.14|E|type:landmark|name=DHO38, Mast 2}} ; {{coord|53|04|59.81|N|07|37|09.88|E|type:landmark|name=DHO38, Mast 3}} ; {{coord|53|04|52.03|N|07|36|34.69|E|type:landmark|name=DHO38, Mast 4}} ; {{coord|53|04|36.16|N|07|36|58.79|E|type:landmark|name=DHO38, Mast 5}} ; {{coord|53|04|30.05|N|07|36|22.87|E|type:landmark|name=DHO38, Mast 6}} ; {{coord|53|04|10.66|N|07|36|41.82|E|type:landmark|name=DHO38, Mast 7}} ; {{coord|53|04|16.8|N|07|37|17.66|E|type:landmark|name=DHO38, Mast 8}} | Insulated against ground |
Chimney of Phoenix Copper Smelter | concrete tower | chimney | {{convert|351.5|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 1995 | Romania | Baia Mare | {{coord|47|39|10.39|N|23|36|19.72|E|type:landmark|name=Phoenix Copper Smelter Chimney}} | Tallest structure in Romania |
Belmont mast | guyed mast | FM-/TV-transmission | {{convert|351.5|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 1965 | United Kingdom | Donington on Bain, Lincolnshire | {{Coord|53|20|9.07|N|0|10|19.11|W|type:landmark|name=Belmont TV Mast}} | Until 2010 tallest construction in the EU. Original height {{convert|385.6|m|abbr=on}}. Extension to {{convert|387.7|m|abbr=on}} in 1967. Height reduction in 2010 to {{convert|351.5|m|abbr=on}} |
Sender Zehlendorf, old longwave transmission mast | guyed mast | longwave transmission | {{convert|351|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 1962 | Germany (GDR at time of construction) | Zehlendorf, Brandenburg | {{Coord|52|47|41.87|N|13|23|9.5|E|type:landmark|name=Zehlendorf Longwave Mast}} | Grounded structure with cage antenna, destroyed on 18 May 1978, due to aircraft collision |
Longwave transmitter Allouis | guyed masts | longwave transmission | {{convert|350|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 1974 | France | Allouis | {{Coord|47|10|10.45|N|2|12|16.75|E|type:landmark|name=Allouis transmitter, Mast 1}} ; {{Coord|47|10|25.34|N|2|12|16.81|E|type:landmark|name=Allouis transmitter, Mast 2}} | First mast built in 1952 was {{convert|308|m|abbr=on}} tall until 1974, second mast built in 1974 |
Sendemast SL3 | guyed mast | longwave transmission | {{convert|350|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 1968 | Germany (GDR at time of construction) | Burg bei Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt | {{Coord|52|16|9.35|N|11|55|28.84|E|type:landmark|name=SL3 Radio Mast ( destroyed)}} | Collapsed on 18 February 1976 |
Mosolovo TV Mast | guyed mast | UHF/VHF-transmission | {{convert|350|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 1968 | Russia (Soviet Union at time of construction) | Mosolovo | {{Coord|54|16|17.9|N|40|33|26.34|E|type:landmark|name=Mosolovo TV Mast}} | |
Kolodischi TV Mast | guyed mast | UHF/VHF-transmission | {{convert|350|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 1970 | Belarus (Soviet Union at time of construction) | Minsk | {{Coord|53|57|40.5|N|27|46|42.08|E|type:landmark|name=Kolodischi TV Mast}} | |
Lipin Bor TV Mast | guyed mast | UHF/VHF-transmission | {{convert|350|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 1970 | Russia (Soviet Union at time of construction) | Lipin Bor | {{Coord|60|21|27|N|37|55|15|E|type:landmark|name=Lipin Bor TV Mast}} | |
Grigoriopol transmitter, large medium wave mast | guyed mast | MW-transmission | {{convert|350|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 1968-1975 | Moldova (Soviet Union at time of construction) | Maiac | {{coord|47|17|21.4|N|29|26|0.25|E|type:landmark|name=Grigoriopol transmitter, 350 m mast ( destroyed)}} | Collapsed in 1997 |
Selizharovo TV Mast | guyed mast | UHF/VHF-transmission | {{convert|350|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 1971 | Russia (Soviet Union at time of construction) | Selizharovo | {{Coord|56|55|03|N|33|34|47|E|type:landmark|name=Selizharovo TV Mast}} | |
Pinerovka TV Mast | guyed mast | UHF/VHF-transmission | {{convert|350|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 1971 | Russia (Soviet Union at time of construction) | Pinerovka | {{Coord|51|35|20|N|43|01|36|E|type:landmark|name=Pinerovka TV Mast}} | |
Ushachi TV Mast | guyed mast | UHF/VHF-transmission | {{convert|350|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 1974 | Belarus (Soviet Union at time of construction) | Ushachy | {{Coord|55|14|40.43|N|28|38|30.95|E|type:landmark|name=Ushachi TV Mast}} | |
Yershov TV Mast | guyed mast | UHF/VHF-transmission | {{convert|350|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 1974 | Russia (Soviet Union at time of construction) | Yershov | {{coord|51|21|51|N|48|17|58|E|type:landmark|name=Yershov TV Mast}} | |
Tula TV Mast | guyed mast | UHF/VHF-transmission | {{convert|350|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 1975/76 | Russia (Soviet Union at time of construction) | Tula | {{Coord|54|8|27|N|37|35|03|E|type:landmark|name=Tula TV Mast}} | |
Novo-Bykovo TV Mast | guyed mast | UHF/VHF-transmission | {{convert|350|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 1977 | Russia (Soviet Union at time of construction) | Vladimir | {{Coord|56|01|10|N|40|50|25|E|type:landmark|name=Novo-Bykovo TV Mast}} | |
Rodniki TV Mast | guyed mast | UHF/VHF-transmission | {{convert|350|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 1977 | Russia (Soviet Union at time of construction) | Rodniki | {{Coord|57|05|24|N|41|44|02|E|type:landmark|name=Rodniki TV Mast}} | |
Volga TV Mast | guyed mast | UHF/VHF-transmission | {{convert|350|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 1978 | Russia (Soviet Union at time of construction) | Rybinsk | {{Coord|57|57|53|N|38|21|14|E|type:landmark|name=Volga TV Mast}} | |
Kanevskaya TV Mast | guyed mast | UHF/VHF-transmission | {{convert|350|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 1979 | Russia (Soviet Union at time of construction) | Kanevskaya | {{Coord|46|03|27.18|N|38|57|57.43|E|type:landmark|name=Kanevskaya TV Mast}} | |
Stavropol TV Mast | guyed mast | UHF/VHF-transmission | {{convert|350|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 1979 | Russia (Soviet Union at time of construction) | Stavropol | {{coord|45|00|44.04|N|41|51|11.54|E|type:landmark|name=Stavropol TV Mast}} | |
Livny TV Mast | guyed mast | UHF/VHF-transmission | {{convert|350|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 1979? | Russia (Soviet Union at time of construction) | Livny | {{coord|52|27|03|N|37|30|10|E|type:landmark|name=Livny TV Mast}} | |
Sovetsky TV Mast | guyed mast | UHF/VHF-transmission | {{convert|350|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 1984 | Russia (Soviet Union at time of construction) | Sovetsky, Mari El Republic | {{Coord|56|45|17|N|48|32|05|E|type:landmark|name=Sovetsky TV Mast}} | |
Smogiri TV Mast | guyed mast | UHF/VHF-transmission | {{convert|350|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 1986 | Russia (Soviet Union at time of construction) | Smolensk | {{Coord|55|02|08|N|32|22|52|E|type:landmark|name=Smogiri TV Mast}} | |
Varaksino TV Mast | guyed mast | UHF/VHF-transmission | {{convert|350|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 1988 | Russia (Soviet Union at time of construction) | Izhevsk | {{Coord|56|52|13.44|N|53|03|03.02|E|type:landmark|name=Varaksino TV Mast}} | |
Tsivilsk TV Mast | guyed mast | UHF/VHF-transmission | {{convert|350|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 1990 | Russia (Soviet Union at time of construction) | Tsivilsk | {{Coord|55|48|22|N|47|26|42|E|type:landmark|name=Tsivilsk TV Mast}} | |
Galich TV Mast | guyed mast | UHF/VHF-transmission | {{convert|350|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 1991 | Russia | Galich | {{coord|58|26|30|N|42|37|38|E|type:landmark|name=Galich TV Mast}} | Unused |
Polykovichi TV Mast | guyed mast | UHF/VHF-transmission | {{convert|350|m|ft|abbr=on}} | ? | Belarus | Mahilyow/Polykovichi | {{Coord|53|59|25.22|N|30|19|38.54|E|type:landmark|name=Polykovichi TV Mast}} | |
Novaya Strazha TV Mast | guyed mast | UHF/VHF-transmission | {{convert|350|m|ft|abbr=on}} | ? | Belarus | Slonim | {{Coord|53|03|51|N|25|28|30|E|type:landmark|name=Novaya Strazha TV Mast}} | |
Smetanichi TV Mast | guyed mast | UHF/VHF-transmission | {{convert|350|m|ft|abbr=on}} | ? | Belarus | Smetanichi | {{Coord|52|13|27.87|N|28|30|44.4|E|type:landmark|name=Smetanichi TV Mast}} | |
HWU transmitter, central mast | guyed mast | VLF-transmission | {{convert|350|m|ft|abbr=on}} | ? | France | Rosnay | {{Coord|46|42|47.49|N|1|14|42.22|E|type:landmark|name=HWU transmitter, central mast}} |
= History =
The following is a list of structures that were historically the tallest in Europe.
class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align: center;" cellpadding="2" | ||||
style="background: #ececec;"
! From ! To ! Structure ! Location ! Height | ||||
1180 | 1240 | Malmesbury Abbey Tower | Malmesbury, United Kingdom | {{convert|131.3|m|ft|abbr=on}} |
1240 | 1311 | Tower of Old St Paul's Cathedral | London, United Kingdom | {{convert|150|m|ft|abbr=on}} |
1311 | 1549 | Tower of Lincoln Cathedral | Lincoln, United Kingdom | {{convert|159.7|m|ft|abbr=on}} |
1549 | 1647 | Tower of St Mary's church | Stralsund, Germany | {{convert|151|m|ft|abbr=on}} |
1647 | 1874 | Tower of Strasbourg Cathedral | Strasbourg, France | {{convert|142|m|ft|abbr=on}} |
1874 | 1876 | Tower of St. Nikolai | Hamburg, Germany | {{convert|147|m|ft|abbr=on}} |
1876 | 1880 | Tower of Rouen Cathedral | Rouen, France | {{convert|151|m|ft|abbr=on}} |
1880 | 1889 | Tower of Cologne Cathedral | Cologne, Germany | {{convert|157.38|m|ft|abbr=on}} |
1889 | 1933 | Eiffel Tower | Paris, France | {{convert|312|m|ft|abbr=on}} |
1933 | 1939 | Lakihegy Tower | Szigetszentmiklós, Hungary | {{convert|314|m|ft|abbr=on}} |
1939 | 1946 | Deutschlandsender Herzberg/Elster | Herzberg, Germany | {{convert|337|m|ft|abbr=on}} |
1946 | 1949 | Lakihegy Tower | Szigetszentmiklós, Hungary | {{convert|314|m|ft|abbr=on}} |
1949 | 1961 | Raszyn radio transmitter | Łazy, Poland | {{convert|335|m|ft|abbr=on}} |
1961 | 1963 | Gerbrandy Tower | IJsselstein, Netherlands | {{convert|382.5|m|ft|abbr=on}} |
1963 | 1967 | Longwave radio mast Hellissandur | Hellissandur, Iceland | {{convert|412|m|ft|abbr=on}} |
1967 | 1974 | Ostankino Tower | Moscow, Russia | {{convert|540.1|m|ft|abbr=on}} |
1974 | 1991 | Warsaw Radio Mast | Konstantynów, Poland | {{convert|646.38|m|ft|abbr=on}} |
1991 | present | Ostankino Tower | Moscow, Russia | {{convert|540.1|m|ft|abbr=on}} |
Gallery
Some of the highest structures in Europe
Image:Maszt radiowy w Konstantynowie.jpg|Warsaw Radio Mast, was the tallest structure in the world before it collapsed in 1991
Image:224th Flight Unit Antonov An-124 over Moscow 6 May 2010.jpg|Ostankino TV Tower, the tallest structure in Europe
Image:ИнтаРадиомачта.JPG|Inta CHAYKA-Mast
Image:GufuskalarLangbylgju.jpg|Hellissandur Longwave Radio Mast
Image:Belmont transmitter.jpg|Belmont transmitting station
Image:Gerbrandy tower.jpg|Gerbrandy Tower in 2006
Image:Berliner Fernsehturm, Sicht vom Neptunbrunnen - Berlin Mitte.jpg|Fernsehturm Berlin
Image:TV-Tower Vinnytsya.jpg|TV Tower Vinnytsia
Image:Caltanissetta - Antenna RAI.JPG|Antenna RAI of Caltanissetta the tallest structure in Italy
See also
References
{{reflist}}
External links
{{Commons category|Skyscrapers in Europe}}
- [https://tools.wmflabs.org/kmlexport/?article=List_of_tallest_structures_in_Europe Map of the tallest structures in Europe]
- [http://skyscraperpage.com/diagrams/?b46244,24,24236,94330,94350,94351,106341,1046,10382,1541,533,45047,70684,72617,836,147,871,40685,46450,46451,45272,58804,78817,71705,4784,45305,8946,41592,1018,70728,71083,40689,45909,45910,35051,106152,45289,56681,73061,69770,71759,73062,72978,71084,81963,71704,65483,58020,72988,73063,72985,59763,71765,44247,72657,73064 Height Comparison] at [http://www.skyscraperpage.com Skyscraperpage]
{{TBSW}}