List of teletext services

• Top-Channel
• TVSH
• Mediaset
• RAI
• SAT.1

File:ORF1-Teletext-09-08-2017.png

• ORF Text (ORF1,{{cite web|url=http://teletext.orf.at/channel/orf1/page/100/1|title=teletext.ORF.at|access-date=2018-04-02}} ORF2,{{cite web|url=http://teletext.orf.at/channel/orf2/page/100/1|title=teletext.ORF.at|access-date=2018-04-02}} ORF3{{cite web|url=http://teletext.orf.at/channel/orfiii/page/100/1|title=teletext.ORF.at|access-date=2018-04-02}})
• ORF Sport Text (ORF Sport Plus{{cite web|url=http://teletext.orf.at/channel/sportplus/page/100/1|title=teletext.ORF.at|access-date=2018-04-02}})
• TW1 Text (TW1)
• 3satText (3sat)
• ATV TEXT (ATV)
• Puls 4 Text (Puls 4)
• Sat1 Österreich Text (Sat 1 Österreich)
• ProSieben Text Austria (Pro 7 Österreich)
• kabel eins text Austria (Kabel 1 Österreich)
• RTLtext AT (RTL Österreich)
• RTL II TEXT AT (RTL 2)
• Austria 9 Text (Austria 9)
• Tirol TV teletext{{Cite journal |last=Lehner |first=Rolf Dieter |date=2022-02-25 |title=The Beneficial Shock |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.55269/eurcrossrd.3.010150208 |journal=Eurasian Crossroads |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=010150208 |doi=10.55269/eurcrossrd.3.010150208 |issn=2713-251X|doi-access=free }}

• BHT1 Text (BHT1) - main state level public TV channel in Bosnia and Herzegovina
• FTV Text (FTV) - entity level public TV channel
• RTRS Text (RTRS) - entity level public TV channel

• BNT Text (BNT1, BNT2, BNT3, BNT4) - main state level public TV channel in Bulgaria

• HTV TTXT (Croatian Radiotelevision){{cite web|url=https://teletekst.hrt.hr/100-01.HTML|title=HRT: Teletekst|website=teletekst.hrt.hr}}
• Nova Text (Nova TV)
• RTL Text (RTL Televizija)

• Teletext ČT{{cite web |url=http://www.ceskatelevize.cz/teletext/ct/ |title=Teletext ČT |accessdate=2018-04-02}}

• Teletext Nova{{cite web |url=http://www.e-teletext.cz/teletext/podstranka-1-titulni-strana-stranka-100-nova/ |title=Unofficial teletext |accessdate=2018-04-02}}{{cite web |url=http://www.solmonte.cz/teletext-nova/ |title=Teletext Nova |accessdate=2018-04-02}}
• Prima Teletext{{cite web |url= http://www.e-teletext.cz/teletext/podstranka-1-titulni-strana-stranka-100-prima/ |title=Unofficial teletext |accessdate=2018-04-02}}{{cite web |url=http://www.solmonte.cz/teletext-prima/ |title=Teletext Prima |accessdate=2018-04-02}}
• Prima Cool Teletext{{cite web |url=http://www.solmonte.cz/teletext-primacool/ |title=Prima Cool Teletext |accessdate=2018-04-02}}
• Prima Love Teletext{{cite web |url=http://www.solmonte.cz/teletext-primalove/ |title=Primo Love Teletext |accessdate=2018-04-02}}
• Teletext TV Barrandov{{cite web |url=http://www.e-teletext.cz/teletext/podstranka-1-titulni-strana-stranka-100/ |title=Teletext TV Barrandov |accessdate=2018-04-02}}
• Teletext TV Óčko{{cite web |url=http://www.e-teletext.cz/teletext/podstranka-1-titulni-strana-stranka-100-tv-ocko/ |title=Teletext TV Óčko |accessdate=2018-04-02}}

• DR Tekst-TV (Danmarks Radio)
• TV2 Tekst-TV (TV2 Adopted digital teletext, but abandoned the service in 2019)
• Viasat Tekst-TV (Viasat)

In fact, almost all TV channels in Denmark have teletext (called tekst-TV). Some of those services are entirely in Danish, while international channels (Discovery Channel, Animal Planet etc.) share their teletext with the other Scandinavian countries.

The Finnish national public broadcaster Yle has its own Teletext (Yle Teksti-TV). It shows news, sport and programme information round the clock. Theme pages on the weather, traffic, work and leisure.{{cite web |title=Mikä Teksti-tv? |url=http://www.yle.fi/tekstitv/arkisto/mika_teksti-tv/ |publisher=Yle |accessdate=10 August 2015 |language=Finnish}} Teksti-TV also has news in English on page 190.

• Yle Teksti-TV (Yle)
• MTV3 Tekstikanava (MTV3) (defunct)
• TekstiNelonen (Nelonen) (defunct)
• Subteksti (Sub) (defunct)

File:Arte Teletext Page 100, 2016-04-04.png

File:France 2 Teletext page 100 (2007).png

File:Antiope à Moscou-Portail Tourisme.jpg

{{Main|Antiope (teletext)}}

In France, where the SECAM standard is used in television broadcasting, a teletext system was developed in the late 1970s under the name Antiope. It had a higher data rate and was capable of dynamic page sizes, allowing more sophisticated graphics. It was phased out in favour of standard teletext in 1991.

A lot of French channels have teletext left only for subtitling. Here some with a complete text:

• TF1
• France 2
• France 3
• Canal+ (subtitles only)
• France 5
• Arte
• M6 (subtitles only)

File:ARD-Teletext-2020-05-07.png

File:Teletext Level 1.0 and 2.5 BR.PNG

Almost all German TV stations have teletext. Here are some of it:

• ARD{{cite web|url=https://www.ard-text.de/|title=ARD Text, der Teletext des Ersten Deutschen Fernsehens | Startseite|website=Erstes Deutsches Fernsehen (ARD)}} (and all regional broadcasters)
• ZDF: (ZDF,{{cite web|url=http://int-teletext.zdf.de/teletext/zdf|title=ZDFtext|website=int-teletext.zdf.de}} ZDFneo,{{cite web|url=http://int-teletext.zdf.de/teletext/zdfneo|title=ZDFtext|website=int-teletext.zdf.de}} ZDFinfo{{cite web|url=http://int-teletext.zdf.de/teletext/zdfinfo|title=ZDFtext|website=int-teletext.zdf.de}})
• ARD & ZDF: KiKa,{{cite web|url=https://www.kika.de/kikatext/kikatext-start100.html|title=Willkommen im KiKA-TEXT|date=25 January 2019|website=kika.de}} Phoenix
• RTL Deutschland: (RTL,{{cite web|url=http://www.rtl.de/cms/service/footer-navigation/teletext.html|title = RTL Fernsehprogramm von heute - aktuelles TV Programm}} VOX,{{cite web|url=https://www.vox.de/cms/service/footer-navigation/teletext.html|title=Teletext|website=vox.de}} RTL II, ... and others)
• ProSiebenSat.1: (ProSieben, Sat.1, kabel eins, ... and others){{cite web|url=http://www.sevenonemedia.de/tv/portfolio/teletext/teletext-viewer|title=TV | Teletext - Viewer|website=Sevenone}}
• Tele 5
• Sport1
• Welt
• ... and others

• NERIT (State television channels N1, N Sports) *Defunct, no longer operational.*
• Mediatext (Mega Channel, Star Channel, Sports TV, Extra3)
• Newsphone Hellas (ANT1, Alpha TV, Alter Channel, MAD TV)
• Metromedia Group (Vergina, Nickelodeon, Rise, Smile, Nickelodeon Plus, Super TV Halkidiki, Ionian Channel, Atlas TV)

File:Duna Text.jpg

File:Mtva-teletext.jpg

File:Rtl klub - text.jpg

• m1Text (m1)
• m2Text (m2)
• TV2 Text (TV2)
• Klub text (RTL Klub)
• Viasat 3 (Viasat 3)

• RÚV textavarp (Icelandic public TV station RÚV) available to view at [http://textavarp.is Textavarp.is]{{cite web |url=http://www.textavarp.is/100/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020609151736/http://www.textavarp.is/100/ |archive-date=9 June 2002 |title=Textavarp.is}}

• RTÉ Aertel (RTÉ One, RTÉ 2, RTÉjr and RTÉ News) Currently, the service is now shut down.{{Cite web |title=RTÉ to close the Aertel service – About RTÉ |url=https://about.rte.ie/2023/10/02/rte-to-close-the-aertel-service/ |access-date=2023-10-02 |website=about.rte.ie}}

• threetext (TV3, 2001 - 201?)
• Téacs TG4 (TG4) (1999 - 20??)

State-owned RAI launched its Teletext service, called Televideo, in 1984.

• Televideo (RAI)

MTV Video was active between 2000 and 2010 (ex MusicFax in 1991), while "LA7 Video", the Teletext service of La7, was launched in 2001 but discontinued in 2014 (ex TMCvideo in 1992). Mediaset, the main commercial broadcaster, launched its Mediavideo in 1997 (ex Teletext in 1993) (discontinued in 2022).

• La7Video (La7)
• MTVVideo (MTV)
• Mediavideo (Mediaset)

• TV3.lv (TV3 Latvia)

• Latvian Television used to have teletext, but as of March 2007, it is closed.

• RTL Text (RTL Télé Lëtzebuerg)

File:NOS start op 1 april aanstaande met proefproject Teletekst projectleider Stokla, Bestanddeelnr 930-7406.jpg

The Netherlands has run a regular Teletext service since the end of 1977 on the public broadcasting channels, and the commercial and regional channels that were later introduced also have their own services. Some of these channels also run Tekst-TV, which broadcasts a selection of their teletext pages as a regular TV broadcast, using improved fonts and background graphics, when no normal programming is shown.

• NOS Teletekst (NPO 1, NPO 2 and NPO 3)[http://nos.nl/teletekst NOS.nl]
• Omroep Brabant
• Omrop Fryslân Text
• RTV Drenthe
• RTV Oost
• TV Gelderland Teletekst

• RTL Nederland Text (RTL 4, RTL 5, RTL7 and RTL 8){{cite news|url=https://www.volkskrant.nl/media/rtl-stopt-met-teletekst~a4438585/| language=nl |title=RTL stopt met teletekst |newspaper=De Volkskrant}}
• SBS Text (NET5 Text, SBS6 Text, Veronica Text. Main teletext service ended 1 January 2018.)

• Fox Sports (Ended 27 June 2019)

• Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation: NRK Tekst-TV
• TV 2: TV 2 Text
• TVNorge
• TV3

• PTV Teletext service

File:Teletekstmtp.jpg

• Telegazeta (Telewizja Polska){{cite web |url=http://www.telegazeta.pl/telegazeta.php |title=Telegazeta Online |accessdate=2018-04-02}}
• Gazeta TV Polsat (Polsat)
• Gazeta TV4 (TV4)
• Telestrony (TVN)
• Mediatext 5 (Tele5)
• Mediatext 1P (Polonia 1)
• 4fun.tv Text

File:SIC Teletexto.png

• RTP Texto (Rádio e Televisão de Portugal){{cite web | url=http://www.rtp.pt/wportal/teletexto/ | title=Teletexto - Formato em modo gráfico | publisher=RTP | language=pt | accessdate=5 October 2021 }}
• SIC Teletexto (SIC)
• Teletexto TVI (TVI){{cite web|url=https://tvi.iol.pt/outros/552bf7350cf2002a90b874d8|title=Teletexto TVI|website=TVI}}

• Teletext TVR (TVR 1, TVR 2, TVR 3, TVRi)
• CNM Text (Național TV, Național 24 Plus, Favorit TV, CineEst, Boomerang, TV Market)
• Antena Group Teletext (Antena 1, Antena Stars, Antena 3, Happy Channel, ZU TV)

File:Teletext of tvcenter.jpg, (Note: This TV does not support Cyrillic.)]]

• Channel One
• Russia 1 (subtitles only)
• Match TV (subtitles only)
• NTV
• Channel 5
• Russia K (subtitles only)
• Karusel (subtitles only)
• REN TV (subtitles only)
• CENTR-INFO (TV Center)
• STS (subtitles only)
• Domashny (subtitles only)
• TV-3 (subtitles only)
• Friday! (subtitles only)
• Zvezda (subtitles only)
• TNT (subtitles only)
• 2x2 (subtitles only)
• Mir (subtitles only)
• Soyuz (subtitles only)
• Che! (subtitles only)
• STS LOVE (subtitles only)
• TNT4 (subtitles only)
• Kuhnya TV (subtitles only)
• Auto Plus (subtitles only)
• Animal Planet (subtitles only)
• Nickelodeon (subtitles only)
• IZ.RU (subtitles only)
• Muzika Pervogo (subtitles only)
• Super! (subtitles only)
• Match! Strana (subtitles only)

• 1 kanal Ostankino
• ORT
• 4 kanal Ostankino
• Rossiskije University
• RTR
• MTV Russia (2006-2008)
• 2x2
• Russia-Kuban
• Peterburgksiy teletext (TNT-Peterburg, Peterburg - 5 kanal, Regionalnoe televidenie)
• Sevastopolskiy teletext (NTS)
• Nizhegorodskiy teletext (NTR, NNTV, ORT)
• Prima-TV
• Stolitca
• 31 kanal
• TV-6
• MTK
• Sluzhba Teletext (M1)

• TeletextB92 (B92)
• Prva Teletekst (Prva Srpska Televizija)
• Happy teletext Happy TV
• Pink Teletekst (RTV Pink)
• RTS Teletekst (RTS1, RTS2)
• RTV Teletekst (RTV1 RTV2)
• Sport Klub TXT
• RTV Studio B TXT
• Arena Sport Teletext (Arena Sport 1)

• BK Videotext (BKTV)
• Super TV Teletext (Super TV)
• Enter Teletext (TV Enter)
• 3K Text (RTS 3K)
• Avala text (Avala)

• STV text (Slovenská televízia)
• markiza-text (Markíza)
• JOJ text (TV JOJ)

• MMC Teletekst (Radiotelevizija Slovenija){{Cite web |title=Teletext RTVSLO |url=https://teletext.rtvslo.si/100/1 |access-date=2023-05-07 |website=teletext.rtvslo.si}}

• Teledata (only available on SABC 2; rarely updated)

File:Teletexto.jpg

• Teletexto TVE{{cite web|url=https://www.rtve.es/television/teletexto/|title=Teletexto Portada - 100 | RTVE.es|website=www.rtve.es}} (Televisión Española (Since 1988){{cite web|url=http://www.rtve.es/mediateca/videos/20080514/teletexto-cumple-20-anos/79636.shtml|title=El teletexto cumple 20 años|date=14 May 2008|website=RTVE.es}})
• Teletexto AtresMedia{{cite web|url=http://www.antena3.com/teletexto/home.htm|title = Teletexto de Atresmedia|website = Antena 3}} (Antena 3, laSexta)
• Teletexto Mediaset (Telecinco, Cuatro, FDF)
• Teletexto Televisió de Catalunya
• Teletexto Canal Sur
• Energy (only for subtitles)
• Divinity (only for subtitles)
• Boing (only for subtitles)
• BeMad (only for subtitles)

• Telemadrid (1991-2013)
• Televisión de Galicia (1995–2018)

• SVT Text (Sveriges Television)

• Kanal 5 Text (Kanal 5)
• TV3 Text (TV3)
• TV6 Text (TV6)
• TV4 Text (TV4)

File:SRF1-Teletext-09-08-2017.png

• TELETEXT (Made by SWISS TXT for all national TV stations, including SF, TSR and TSI).{{cite web|url=https://www.teletext.ch/|title=teletext.ch - SRF1 100|website=www.teletext.ch}}
• 3+ TEXT (3+)
• RTL II TEXT CH(RTL 2)
• SSF TEXT (Schweizer Sportfernsehen)

• Telegün (TRT) The Teletext is available online at [https://web.archive.org/web/20120716024906/http://www.trt.net.tr/telegun/ (Telegün)] {{in lang|tr}}

• D Text (Kanal D)
• ShowText (Show TV)
• Start Text (Star TV)
• AText (ATV)
• Tirol text (Tirol tv){{Citation |last=Pim |first=Dennis N. |title=Teletext |date=1988 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19389-9_3 |work=Television and Teletext |pages=58–78 |access-date=2023-09-29 |place=London |publisher=Macmillan Education UK |isbn=978-0-333-45099-4}}

• INTERTEXT (The Teletext on Inter Media Group TV channels, also is available on-line at [http://intertext.ua Інтертекст])

• Vitek and Dong Nai Television, collaborated to create the first Vietnamese language teletext in the summer of 2004.

• BBCfax (BBC World), 1991–2012)
• CNN text (CNN), 1993–2006)
• TV5 text (TV5Monde), 1993–2013)

• Austext (Seven Network) (1982–30 September 2009)

• Beltek (Belarus-1) (defunct from 2008)

• RTBF-Teletexte (RTBF. Service ended during the week of 12 February 2024){{cite web|url=https://www.rtbf.be/article/la-fin-d-une-epoque-le-teletexte-a-la-rtbf-cest-termine-sauf-pour-les-sous-titres-11325912|title=RTBF-Teletext-Termination|access-date=2024-04-06}}

• VRT-Teletekst (VRT. Service ended 1 June 2016)

• Televest (BNT 1) (defunct since 2017)
• Evrokom text (Evrokom NKTV) (defunct)
• Nova text (Nova TV) (defunct since 2012)

{{Main|Telidon}}

The CBC ran a teletext service, IRIS, accessible only in Calgary, Toronto and Montreal. It ran from 1983 until about 1986, and used the Canadian-developed Telidon system, which was developed in 1980. Like Antiope, Telidon allowed significantly higher graphic resolution than standard teletext.

• ETV teletekst (Eesti Televisioon) (defunct){{cite web|url=https://saartehaal.postimees.ee/|title=Saarte Hääl|website=Saarte Hääl}}
• TV3.ee (TV3 Estonia) (defunct)

• TVRI-Text (TVRI, 1994 - 2002)
• RCTI Seputar (RCTI, 1994 - 2002)

• Israeli Educational Television{{cite web|last=שחף|first=טל|date=2019-08-23|title="הערוץ השלישי בטלוויזיה שלך": בחזרה לתור הזהב של הטלטקסט|url=https://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-5567828,00.html|access-date=2020-12-25|website=www.ynet.co.il|language=he}}

{{Main|JTES}}

• Telemo Japan (NHK)

• TV Asahi Data Vision (TV Asahi) (7 April 1986 – 24 July 2011)
• AXES4 (Nippon TV) (1985-31 March 2007)
• Tokyo Data Vision (TBS)
• Fuji TV
• Tokyo Metropolitan Television
• Nikkei Telepress (TV Tokyo)

• Beriteks (RTM) (1985-2000)
• Infonet (TV3) (1985-2008)

• TVNZ Teletext (TVNZ 1, TVNZ 2, TV3) (1984–2 April 2013)

File:Teletext_service_in_Singapore_on_March_12_2013.gif

• MediaCorp Teletext (MediaCorp TV Channel 5, MediaCorp TV Channel 8, MediaCorp Channel NewsAsia) (1 August 1983 – 30 September 2013)

• "ข่าวเขียน อสมท" Or Electronic News (Modernine TV) (1983-1993)
• "Infonet" (Channel 3 (Thailand)) (Known up until 1996 as ข่าวเขียน ช่อง 3)

{{Main|Teletext}}

Teletext was created in the United Kingdom in the early 1970s. Different systems existed, but by the end of the decade they converged, with the creation of the World System Teletext (WST). WST remained in use for analogue broadcasts until 2012.

{{Main|Ceefax}}

File:Ceefax test screenshot 1972.jpg

The first test transmissions were made by the BBC in 1972–74, with the name Ceefax ("see facts"). The Ceefax system went live on 23 September 1974 with thirty pages of information. Due to the adoption of a common teletext standard (WST), the Ceefax system ceased in 1976. The name was retained for the service itself, that continued after that year using the WST standard.

{{Main|ORACLE (teletext)}}

ORACLE was first broadcast on the ITV network in the mid-late 1970s. Due to the adoption of a common teletext standard (WST), the ORACLE system ceased in 1976. The name was retained for the service itself, that continued after that year using the WST standard.

• AgText (Kentucky Educational Television, 1980s–1998)
• Datavizion (WHA-TV/Discovery Channel, 1980s)
• Electra (WKRC-TV/Superstation WTBS/SPN, 1980s–1993)
• ExtraVision (CBS, 1983–1986)
• Infotext (WHA-TV/Discovery Channel, 1980s)
• KeyFax (WTBS/WFLD-TV, 1980s)
• NBC Teletext (NBC, 1983–1985)
• Tempo Text (WTBS/SPN, 1980s–1993)
• Time Teletext (1980s)

Adoption in the United States was hampered due to a lack of a single teletext standard and consumer resistance to the high initial price of teletext decoders. Throughout the period of analogue broadcasting, teletext or other similar technologies in the US were practically non-existent, with the only technologies resembling such existing in the country being closed captioning, TV Guide On Screen, and Extended Data Services (XDS).

A version of the European teletext standard designed to work with the NTSC television standard used in North America was first demonstrated in the US in 1978 by station KSL in Salt Lake City, Utah, premiered a teletext service using Ceefax. They were followed by American television network CBS, which decided to try both the British Ceefax and French Antiope software for preliminary tryouts for a teletext service, using station KMOX (now KMOV) in St. Louis, Missouri as a testing ground.[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=950&dat=19790516&id=DwEMAAAAIBAJ&sjid=21gDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6334,14832 Teletext: Soon You'll Be Punching Buttons And Talking Back To Your TV], Associated Press (syndicated), 16 May 1979[https://books.google.com/books?id=aj4EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT17 KSL-TV's Teletext Testing Shows No Reception Problems], InfoWorld, 18 February 1980. Also includes a prescient analysis of the likely economics of teletext and videotex

CBS decided on Antiope and mounted a large market trial in Los Angeles in partnership with NBC and Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) Public television. Services premiered simultaneously on station KNXT (now KCBS-TV), KNBC and KCET in Los Angeles.David Crook, [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1314&dat=19810918&id=R2sjAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ae4DAAAAIBAJ&pg=4530,1499401 Teletext information systems are taking over television sets], Los Angeles Times (syndicated), 18 September 1981{{cite web|url=http://www.richardgingras.com/background/products/teletext/|title=Broadcast Teletext, 1980|website=www.richardgingras.com}} All three services included an array of local news and information services. KCET's service also included service components for use in schools.

{{Main|NABTS}}

Later, an official North American standard of teletext, called NABTS (North American Broadcast Teletext Specification) was developed in the early 1980s by Norpak, a Canadian company. NABTS provided improved graphic and text capability over WST, but was quite short-lived. This was mainly due to the expensive cost of NABTS decoders, costing in the thousands of dollars upon their release to the public. NABTS, however, was adopted for a short while by American TV networks NBC & CBS throughout the early-to-mid 80s, CBS using it for their short-lived ExtraVision teletext service, which premiered after the early Antiope & Ceefax trials by CBS & KNXT, and NBC, who had a NABTS-based service called NBC Teletext for a very short time in the mid-1980s. NBC discontinued their service in 1985 due to the cost of NABTS decoders not dropping to an affordable level for the consumer public.[https://books.google.com/books?id=7S4EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA21 NBC discontinues teletext], InfoWorld, 11 February 1985, p. 21

The NABTS protocol received a revival of sorts in the late 90s, when it was used for the datacasting features of WebTV for Windows under Windows 98, and for Intel's now-defunct InterCast service (also for Windows as well), using a proper TV tuner card (such as the ATI All-In-Wonder or Hauppauge's Win-TV).

{{Main|Intercast}}

InterCast was a modern teletext-like system created by Intel in 1996, using a TV tuner card installed in a desktop PC running Windows with the InterCast Viewer software. The software would receive data representing HTML pages via the VBI (Vertical Blanking Interval) of a television channel's video, while displaying in a window in the InterCast software the TV channel itself. The HTML data received would then be displayed in another window in the Intercast software. It usually was extra supplemental information relevant to the TV program being viewed, such as extra clues for the viewer during a murder mystery show, or extra news headlines or extended weather forecasts during a newscast.

NBC, as well as The Weather Channel, CNN and M2 (now MTV2), utilized InterCast technology to complement their programming. InterCast, however, fell into disuse, and Intel discontinued support of InterCast a few years later.

Another service in the US similar in delivery and content to teletext was the WaveTop service, provided and operated by the Wavephore Corporation. It used the same types of InterCast-compatible TV tuner cards, and used an application that ran under Windows, like InterCast. In fact, WaveTop software was also bundled with TV tuner cards that had InterCast software bundled with them as well.

However, Wavetop was an independent service from InterCast, and wasn't a complementary service to a television program or channel like the latter. In fact, viewing television with a TV card was not possible while the WaveTop software was running, since the software utilized the TV tuner card as a full-time data receiver.

WaveTop provided content from several different providers in the form of HTML pages displayed in the WaveTop software, such as news articles from the New York Times, weather information provided by The Weather Channel, and sports from ESPN. It also delivered short video clips, usually commercials, that could be viewed in the software as well.

When it was in operation, WaveTop's data was delivered on the VBI of local public TV stations affiliated with PBS through their PBS National Datacast{{cite web|url=http://www.pbsnationaldatacast.com|title=非公開求人・転職支援会社|publisher=Pbsnationaldatacast.com|accessdate=2010-01-30|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100110121611/http://www.pbsnationaldatacast.com/|archivedate=2010-01-10}} division, that the WaveTop software tuned the TV card to in order to receive the service.

{{Main|Guide Plus}}

Yet another service in the U.S. that relied on data delivery via the VBI like teletext, was the Guide+ (Guide Plus, also referred to as GuidePlus+ as well) service provided and developed by Gemstar. There were several models of television sets made throughout the 90s by Thomson Consumer Electronics under the RCA and General Electric brands that had built-in Guide+ decoders. Guide+ was an on-screen interactive program guide that provided current TV schedule listings, as well as other information like news headlines. Some Guide+ equipped sets from RCA even had an IR-emitting sensor that could be plugged into the back of the TV, to control a VCR to record programs which could be selected from the on-screen Guide+ listings. In some ways, this was very similar to the Video Programming by Teletext|Video Programming by Teletext (VPT), Video Program System (VPS), and Programme Delivery Control (PDC) features of British/European teletext.

Guide+ was a free service, supported by advertisements displayed on-screen in the Guide+ menu and listing screens, not unlike banner ads displayed on web pages. Guide+ was delivered over the VBI of select local American TV stations.

Guide+ was discontinued by Gemstar in June 2004, and soon afterwards, Thomson dropped the Guide+ features from all RCA and GE television sets made afterward.

Guide+ in the United States was replaced by Gemstar with a similar service (delivered in the same fashion via VBI like Guide+), called TV Guide On Screen.http://www.gemstartvguide.com/whatwedo/tvgonscreen.asp {{Dead link|date=January 2010}} A small number of televisions, DVD recorders, and digital video recorders were released with TV Guide On Screen capabilities. The service was discontinued in the US in 2013.Retrieved from http://www.avsforum.com/t/1122914/lightbox/post/22575551/id/88163.

The Guide+ name and service was still used in Europe by Gemstar until that version of the service was phased out in 2016.{{cite web|title=GUIDE Plus+ Support Portal|url=http://www.rovicorp.com/guideplus/en/index.html|website=Rovi Corporation|access-date=20 November 2023|ref=rovi2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150725024429/http://www.rovicorp.com/guideplus/en/index.html|archive-date=25 July 2015|url-status=dead}} The same service was known in Japan as G-Guide.{{Citation needed|date=November 2023}}

Similar to Guide+ was Star Sight,http://www.starsight.com {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007231407/http://www.starsight.com/ |date=2011-10-07 }} with its decoders built into TVs manufactured by Zenith, Samsung, Sony, Toshiba, Magnavox, and others. This was an electronic program guide service similar to Guide+, but was a service that relied on monthly subscription fees paid by the user, not from revenue gathered from on-screen advertisements like Guide+. Star Sight discontinued operations on 21 July 2003, due to a lack of subscribers to the service. Star Sight's data was also delivered on the VBI of local PBS stations through the PBS National Datacast division, much like how WaveTop was delivered as mentioned previously in this article.

{{Main|World System Teletext}}

World System Teletext (or WST) is the name of a standard for teletext throughout Europe today.

Almost all television sets sold in Europe since the early ’80s have built-in WST-standard teletext decoders as a feature.

It originally stems from the UK standards developed by the BBC (Ceefax) and the UK Independent Broadcasting Authority (ORACLE) in 1974 for teletext transmission, extended in 1976 as the Broadcast Teletext Specification.

With some tweaks to allow for alternative national character sets, and adaptations to the NTSC 525-line system as necessary, this was then promoted internationally as "World System Teletext".

It was accepted by CCIR in 1986 as CCIR Teletext System B, one of four recognized standards for teletext worldwide.

WST was also used for a short time in the US, with services provided throughout the late 1970s and early 1980s by several regional American TV networks (such as the University of Wisconsin–Madison's Infotext service in the mid-1980s, which was carried on several TV stations across Wisconsin (and nationally by The Discovery Channel),{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title="In Brief." |url=https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Business/Magazines/Broadcasting-IDX/1985-Broadcasting/1985-03-11-Broadcasting-Page-0028.pdf |access-date=February 13, 2021 |website=World Radio History}}{{Cite book |last=Graziplene |first=Leonard R. |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/43434699 |title=Teletext : its promise and demise |date=2000 |publisher=Lehigh University Press |isbn=0-934223-64-5 |location=Bethlehem, PA |oclc=43434699 |access-date=February 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710182403/https://www.worldcat.org/title/teletext-its-promise-and-demise/oclc/43434699 |archive-date=July 10, 2022 |url-status=live}} and Agtext, provided by Kentucky Educational Television and carried on KET's stations, both services providing agriculturally oriented information) and major-market U.S. TV stations (such as Metrotext, which was formerly carried on station KTTV in Los Angeles, and KeyFax, formerly on WFLD in Chicago).

File:Electra Teletext sample.jpg

Perhaps the most prominent of American teletext providers was the Electra teletext service, using WST, which was broadcast starting in the early 1980s on the vertical blanking interval (VBI) of the American cable channel WTBS. Electra was owned and operated by Taft Broadcasting and Satellite Syndicated Systems (SSS). Electra ran up until 1993, when it was shut down due to Zenith, the prominent (and only) American TV manufacturer at the time offering teletext features in their sets decided to discontinue such features, as well as a lack of funding and lagging interest in teletext by the American consumer.

Zenith manufactured models of television sets in the US in the 1980s, most notably their Digital System 3 line, that had built-in WST teletext decoders as a feature, much like most British/European TV sets. Teletext services in the US like Electra could be received with one of these sets, but these were mostly more expensive higher-end sets offered by Zenith, possibly causing Electra (and American teletext in general) to never catch on with the public.

Australian company Dick Smith Electronics (DSE) also offered through their US distributors a set-top WST teletext decoder kit. The kit used as its core the same teletext decoding module (manufactured by UK electronics company Mullard) installed in most British TV sets, with additional circuitry to adapt it for American NTSC video, and to utilize it in a separate set-top box.

A significant reason for the demise of American teletext was when Zenith introduced built-in closed captioning decoders in TVs in the early '90s, as mandated by the FCC. It was not practical for Zenith to re-design their TV chassis models that previously had teletext decoder support to have both teletext and closed captioning support. So Zenith decided to drop the teletext features, therefore ending teletext service in the US in the early 1990s, considering Zenith was the only major manufacturer of teletext-equipped sets in the United States.

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