List of zoonotic diseases

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| Bacteria

| Parasite

| Fungi

| Prion

| African trypanosomiasis (African sleeping sickness)

| Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense

| range of wild animals and domestic livestock

| bite of the tsetse fly

| 'Present in Africa for thousands of years' – major outbreak 1900–1920, cases continue (sub-Saharan Africa, 2020).

| Angiostrongyliasis

| Angiostrongylus cantonensis, Angiostrongylus costaricensis

| rats, cotton rats

| consuming raw or undercooked snails, slugs, other mollusks, crustaceans, contaminated water, and unwashed vegetables contaminated with larvae

|

| Anisakiasis

| Anisakis

| whales, dolphins, seals, sea lions, other marine animals

| eating raw or undercooked fish and squid contaminated with eggs

|

| Anthrax

| Bacillus anthracis

| grazing herbivores such as cattle, sheep, goats, camels, horses, and pigs

| by ingestion, inhalation or skin contact of spores

|Known for at least 2000 years, but only first described clinically in 1752. Causative agent identified in 1877.{{Cite journal |last1=Mikesell |first1=P. |last2=Ivins |first2=B. E. |last3=Ristroph |first3=J. D. |last4=Vodkin |first4=M. H. |last5=Dreier |first5=T. M. |last6=Leppla |first6=S. H. |date=1983 |title=Plasmids, Pasteur, and anthrax |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237280309 |journal=ASM News |volume=49 |issue=7}}

| Ascariasis

| Ascaris suum, Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati

| pigs, dogs, cats

| ingestion of eggs from contaminated soil, food, or water

|

| Aspergillosis

| Aspergillus spp.

| birds

| inhalation of spores from soil and contaminated surfaces, contact with infected birds

| First identified in 1847.{{Cite journal |last=Knoke |first=M. |last2=Bernhardt |first2=Hannelore |last3=Schwesinger |first3=G. |date=2003 |title=Frühe Beschreibung einer pulmonalen Aspergillose 1847 aus Greifswald |url=https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0507.2003.tb00036.x |journal=Mycoses |volume=46 |issue=S1 |pages=37–41 |doi=10.1111/j.1439-0507.2003.tb00036.x |issn=0933-7407}}

| Avian influenza

| Influenza A virus subtype H5N1

| wild birds, domesticated birds such as chickens{{cite web|url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bird-flu/symptoms-causes/syc-20368455|title=Bird flu (Avian influenza) - Symptoms and causes|website=Mayo Clinic}}

| close contact

| 2003–present avian influenza in Southeast Asia and Egypt.

| Babesiosis

| Babesia spp.

| mice, other animals

| tick bite

|

| Balantidiasis

| Balantidium coli

| pigs (primary reservoir), other mammals (e.g., camels, cattle, sheep), rarely non-human primates

| fecal-oral transmission via ingestion of cysts in contaminated food or water, direct contact with pig feces, mechanical transmission possible via flies and cockroaches

|

| Batai virus infection

| Batai orthobunyavirus

| birds, livestock

| mosquito bite

|

| Baylisascariasis

|Baylisascaris procyonis

| raccoons

| ingestion of eggs in feces

|

| Barmah Forest fever

| Barmah Forest virus

| kangaroos, wallabies, opossums

| mosquito bite

| First human case reported in 1986.

| Botulism

| Clostridium botulinum

| birds, mammals

| ingestion of contaminated food, wound infection, or intestinal colonization

|

| Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (mad cow disease)

| Prions

| cattle

| eating infected meat

| Isolated similar cases reported in ancient history; in recent UK history probable start in the 1970s.{{cite journal | vauthors = Prusiner SB | title = Shattuck lecture--neurodegenerative diseases and prions | journal = The New England Journal of Medicine | volume = 344 | issue = 20 | pages = 1516–1526 | date = May 2001 | pmid = 11357156 | doi = 10.1056/NEJM200105173442006 | author-link1 = Stanley B. Prusiner | doi-access = free }}

| Brucellosis (undulant fever, Malta fever, Mediterranean fever)

| Brucella spp.

| cattle, goats, pigs, sheep

| infected milk or meat

| Historically widespread in the Mediterranean region; identified in the early 20th century.

| Bubonic plague, Pneumonic plague, Septicemic plague, Sylvatic plague

| Yersinia pestis

| rabbits, hares, rodents, ferrets, goats, sheep, camels

| flea bite

| Epidemics like Black Death in Europe around 1347–53 during the Late Middle Age; third plague pandemic in China-Qing dynasty and India alone.

| California encephalitis

| California encephalitis virus

| small mammals

| mosquito bite (Aedes species)

| First identified in 1943 in Kern County, California.

| Campylobacteriosis

| Campylobacter spp.

| poultry, cattle, pets (dogs and cats)

| consumption of contaminated food or water, direct contact with infected animals

|

| Capillariasis

| Capillaria spp.

| rodents, birds, foxes

| eating raw or undercooked fish, ingesting embryonated eggs in fecal-contaminated food, water, or soil

|

| Capnocytophaga canimorsus infection

| Capnocytophaga canimorsus

| dogs, cats

| bites, scratches, or close contact with animals

|

| Cat-scratch disease

| Bartonella henselae

| cats

| bites or scratches from infected cats

|

| Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis)

| Trypanosoma cruzi

| armadillos, Triatominae (kissing bug)

| contact of mucosae or wounds with feces of kissing bugs, accidental ingestion of parasites in food contaminated by bugs or infected mammal excretae

|

| Chikungunya

| Alphavirus chikungunya

| primates, small mammals, rodents, birds, mosquitoes

| mosquito bite (Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus)

| First identified in 1952 in Tanzania.

| Clamydiosis / Enzootic abortion

| Chlamydophila abortus

| domestic livestock, particularly sheep

| close contact with postpartum ewes

|

| Clostridioides difficile infection (Clostridium difficile infection)

| Clostridioides difficile

| cattle, companion animals

| fecal-oral route, contact with contaminated surfaces or hands

|

| Colorado tick fever

| Colorado tick fever virus

| small rodents

| tick bite (primarily by Dermacentor andersoni, the Rocky Mountain wood tick)

|

| COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019)

| Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2

| bats, felines, raccoon dogs, minks, white-tailed deer{{cite news |title=Why Omicron-infected white-tailed deer pose an especially big risk to humans |url=https://fortune.com/2022/02/08/omicron-infected-white-tail-deer-covid/ |work=Fortune }}

| respiratory transmission

| 2019–present COVID-19 pandemic; ongoing pandemic.

| Cowpox

| Cowpox virus

| rodents, cattle, cats

| direct contact with infected animals

|

| Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease

| PrP^vCJD

| cattle

| eating meat from animals with Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)

| 1996–2001: United Kingdom.

| Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever

| Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever orthonairovirus

| cattle, goats, sheep, birds, hares

| tick bite (Hyalomma spp.), human-to-human contact via bodily fluids

|

| Cryptococcosis

| Cryptococcus neoformans

| birds like pigeons

| inhaling fungi

|

| Cryptosporidiosis

| Cryptosporidium spp.

| cattle, dogs, cats, mice, pigs, horses, deer, sheep, goats, rabbits, leopard geckos, birds

| ingesting cysts from water contaminated with feces

|

| Cysticercosis and taeniasis

| Taenia solium, Taenia asiatica, Taenia saginata

| pigs and cattle

| consuming water, soil or food contaminated with the tapeworm eggs (cysticercosis) or raw or undercooked pork contaminated with the cysticerci (taeniasis)

|

| Dengue fever

| Dengue virus

| primates

| mosquito bite (primarily by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus)

| The earliest detailed descriptions of dengue-like illness appeared in medical records from 1779 to 1780, but has had a significant re-emergence in recent years (see for example 2019–20 dengue fever epidemic).

| Dermatophytosis (tinea, ringworm)

| Microsporum spp., Trichophyton spp.

| cattle, sheep, goats, cats, dogs

| contact with infected individuals or animals, contact with contaminated surfaces (fomites) or soil

| Know by ancient Romans, but only fully described in 1837.{{Cite journal |last=Ajello |first=Libero |date=1974 |title=Natural history of the dermatophytes and related fungi |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02127200 |journal=Mycopathologia et Mycologia Applicata |volume=53 |issue=1-4 |pages=93–110 |doi=10.1007/bf02127200 |issn=0301-486X}}

| Dirofilariasis

| Dirofilaria spp.

| dogs, wolves, coyotes, foxes, jackals, cats, monkeys, raccoons, bears, muskrats, rabbits, leopards, seals, sea lions, beavers, ferrets, reptiles

| mosquito bite

|

| Dhori virus infection

| Dhori virus

| birds, livestock, mammals

| tick bite

|

| Dobrava-Belgrade virus infection

| Dobrava-Belgrade virus

| rodents (e.g., yellow-necked mouse)

| rodent bite and scratches, inhalation of aerosolized particles from rodent droppings, urine, or nesting materials

|

| Dracunculiasis

| Dracunculus medinensis

| dogs, cats, baboons

| mainly contaminated water

| Known by ancient Egyptians, but only fully identified in 1870.

| Eastern equine encephalitis

| Eastern equine encephalitis virus

| horses, birds, cattle

| mosquito bite

|

| Ebola

| Ebolavirus spp.

| chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans, fruit bats, monkeys, shrews, forest antelope and porcupines

| through body fluids and organs

| 2013–16; possibly in Africa.

| Echinococcosis

| Echinococcus spp.

| dogs, foxes, jackals, wolves, coyotes, sheep, pigs, rodents

| ingestion of infective eggs from contaminated food or water with feces of an infected definitive host

|

| Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli infection

| Shigatoxigenic and verotoxigenic Escherichia coli

| cattle, sheep, goats, deer

| ingestion of contaminated food or water, direct contact with infected animals or their feces

|

| Erysipeloid

| Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

| pigs, fish, birds

| direct contact with infected animals or contaminated animal products

|

| Fasciolosis

| Fasciola hepatica, Fasciola gigantica

| sheep, cattle, buffaloes

| ingesting contaminated plants

|

| Fasciolopsiasis

| Fasciolopsis buski

| pigs

| eating raw vegetables such as water spinach

|

| Foodborne illnesses (commonly diarrheal diseases)

| Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Listeria spp., Shigella spp.

| animals domesticated for food production (cattle, poultry)

| raw or undercooked food made from animals and unwashed vegetables contaminated with feces

|

| Giardiasis

| Giardia duodenalis

| beavers, other rodents, raccoons, deer, cattle, goats, sheep, dogs, cats

| ingesting spores and cysts in food and water contaminated with feces

|

| Glanders

| Burkholderia mallei.

| horses, donkeys

| direct contact

|

| Gnathostomiasis (larva migrans profundus)

| Gnathostoma spp.

| dogs, minks, opossums, cats, lions, tigers, leopards, raccoons, poultry, other birds, frogs

| raw or undercooked fish or meat

|

| Hantavirus

| Hantavirus spp.

| deer mice, cotton rats and other rodents

| exposure to feces, urine, saliva or bodily fluids

|

| Henipavirus

| Henipavirus spp.

| horses, bats

| exposure to feces, urine, saliva or contact with sick horses

|

| Hepatitis E

| Hepatitis E virus

| domestic and wild animals

| contaminated food or water

|

| Histoplasmosis

| Histoplasma capsulatum

| birds, bats

| inhaling fungi in guano

|

| HIV infection

| Simian immunodeficiency virus

| primates

| contact with infected blood and other bodily fluids, mother-to-infant during pregnancy, childbirth, and breastfeeding

| Immunodeficiency resembling human AIDS was reported in captive monkeys in the United States beginning in 1983.{{cite journal | vauthors = Letvin NL, Eaton KA, Aldrich WR, Sehgal PK, Blake BJ, Schlossman SF, King NW, Hunt RD | display-authors = 6 | title = Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in a colony of macaque monkeys | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 80 | issue = 9 | pages = 2718–2722 | date = May 1983 | pmid = 6221343 | pmc = 393899 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.80.9.2718 | doi-access = free | bibcode = 1983PNAS...80.2718L }}{{cite journal | vauthors = King NW, Hunt RD, Letvin NL | title = Histopathologic changes in macaques with an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) | journal = The American Journal of Pathology | volume = 113 | issue = 3 | pages = 382–388 | date = December 1983 | pmid = 6316791 | pmc = 1916356 }} SIV was isolated in 1985 from some of these animals, captive rhesus macaques who had simian AIDS (SAIDS).{{cite journal | vauthors = Daniel MD, Letvin NL, King NW, Kannagi M, Sehgal PK, Hunt RD, Kanki PJ, Essex M, Desrosiers RC | display-authors = 6 | title = Isolation of T-cell tropic HTLV-III-like retrovirus from macaques | journal = Science | volume = 228 | issue = 4704 | pages = 1201–1204 | date = June 1985 | pmid = 3159089 | doi = 10.1126/science.3159089 | bibcode = 1985Sci...228.1201D }} The discovery of SIV was made shortly after HIV-1 had been isolated as the cause of AIDS and led to the discovery of HIV-2 strains in West Africa. HIV-2 was more similar to the then-known SIV strains than to HIV-1, suggesting for the first time the simian origin of HIV. Further studies indicated that HIV-2 is derived from the SIVsmm strain found in sooty mangabeys, whereas HIV-1, the predominant virus found in humans, is derived from SIV strains infecting chimpanzees (SIVcpz).

| Human granulocytic anaplasmosis

| Anaplasma phagocytophilum

| deer, rodents, humans

| tick bite (primarily by Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes pacificus)

|

| Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis

| Ehrlichia chaffeensis

| deer

| tick bite (primarily by Amblyomma americanum, the lone star tick)

|

| Japanese encephalitis

| Japanese encephalitis virus

| pigs, water birds

| mosquito bite

|

| Kyasanur Forest disease

| Kyasanur Forest disease virus

| rodents, shrews, bats, monkeys

| tick bite

|

| La Crosse encephalitis

| La Crosse virus

| chipmunks, tree squirrels

| mosquito bite

|

| Lassa fever

| Lassa mammarenavirus

| rodents

| contact with urine, feces, or bodily fluids of infected rats; human-to-human transmission via bodily fluids

|

| Leishmaniasis

| Leishmania spp.

| dogs, rodents, other animals{{cite web |title=Parasites – Leishmaniasis |date=27 February 2019 |url=https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/leishmaniasis/epi.html |publisher=CDC |access-date=19 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190615112210/https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/leishmaniasis/epi.html |archive-date=15 June 2019 |url-status=live }}{{cite web |title=Leishmaniasis |url=https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/leishmaniasis |publisher=World Health Organization |access-date=19 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726150747/https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/leishmaniasis |archive-date=26 July 2019 |url-status=live }}

| sandfly bite

| 2004 Afghanistan.

| Leprosy (Hansen's disease)

| Mycobacterium leprae, Mycobacterium lepromatosis

| armadillos, monkeys, rabbits, mice

| mostly human-to-human direct contact, meat consumption{{cite web| vauthors = Clark L |title=How Armadillos Can Spread Leprosy|url=http://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-armadillos-can-spread-leprosy-180954440/|website=Smithsonianmag.com|publisher=Smithsonian.com|access-date=16 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170328005732/http://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-armadillos-can-spread-leprosy-180954440/|archive-date=28 March 2017|url-status=live}}{{cite news| vauthors = Shute N |title=Leprosy From An Armadillo? That's An Unlikely Peccadillo|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/07/22/425380811/leprosy-from-an-armadillo-thats-an-unlikely-pecadillo|newspaper=NPR|date=22 July 2015|publisher=National Public Radio|access-date=16 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170417100224/http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/07/22/425380811/leprosy-from-an-armadillo-thats-an-unlikely-pecadillo|archive-date=17 April 2017|url-status=live}}

|

| Leptospirosis

| Leptospira interrogans

| rats, mice, pigs, horses, goats, sheep, cattle, buffaloes, opossums, raccoons, mongooses, foxes, dogs

| direct or indirect contact with urine of infected animals

| 1616–20 New England infection; present day in the United States.

| Louping ill

| Louping ill virus

| sheep, red grouse, other mammals

| tick bite (primarily by Ixodes ricinus)

| First human case reported in 1934.

| Lyme disease (Lyme borreliosis)

| Borrelia burgdorferi

| deer, wolves, dogs, birds, rodents, rabbits, hares, reptiles

| tick bite

|

| Lymphocytic choriomeningitis

| Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus

| rodents

| exposure to urine, feces, or saliva

|

| Marburg virus disease (Marburg viral haemorrhagic fever)

| Marburg virus

| Egyptian fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus), primates

| contact with infected bat excreta, bushmeat consumption, or human-to-human transmission via bodily fluids (e.g., blood, saliva, vomit)

|

| Mediterranean spotted fever (Boutonneuse fever, Kenya tick typhus, Indian tick typhus, Marseilles fever, Astrakhan fever)

| Rickettsia conorii

| dogs, rodents, other mammals

| tick bite

|

| Melioidosis

| Burkholderia pseudomallei

| various animals

| direct contact with contaminated soil and surface water

|

| Microsporidiosis

| Encephalitozoon cuniculi

| rabbits, dogs, mice, and other mammals

| ingestion of spores

|

| Middle East respiratory syndrome

| MERS coronavirus

| bats, camels

| close contact

| 2012–present: Saudi Arabia.

| Mpox

| Monkeypox virus

| rodents, primates

| contact with infected rodents, primates, or contaminated materials

|

| MRSA infection

| Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

| livestock, companion animals

| direct contact with infected individuals or contaminated surfaces

|

| Nipah virus infection

| Nipah virus (NiV)

| bats, pigs

| direct contact with infected bats, infected pigs

|

| O'nyong'nyong fever

| O'nyong'nyong virus

| reservoir hosts unknown{{cite journal |last1=Rezza |first1=Giovanni |last2=Chen |first2=Rubing |last3=Weaver |first3=Scott C. |title=O'nyong-nyong fever: a neglected mosquito-borne viral disease |journal=Pathog Glob Health |date=2017 |volume=111 |issue=6 |pages=271–275 |doi=10.1080/20477724.2017.1355431 |pmid=28829253 |pmc=5694854 }}

| mosquito bite (Anopheles funestus, Anopheles gambiae)

| First identified in 1959 in Uganda.

| Orf

|Orf virus

| goats, sheep

| close contact

|

| Pasteurellosis

| Pasteurella multocida

| domestic cats, dogs, livestock, and wild animals

| bites, scratches, inhalation of aerosols, or contact with infected secretions

|

| Powassan encephalitis

| Powassan virus

| ticks

| tick bites

|

| Psittacosis (parrot fever)

|Chlamydophila psittaci

| macaws, cockatiels, budgerigars, pigeons, sparrows, ducks, hens, gulls and many other bird species

| contact with bird droplets

|

| Puumala virus infection

| Puumala virus

| bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus)

| rodent bite or scratches, inhalation of aerosols containing rodent excreta

|

| Q fever (query fever)

|Coxiella burnetii

| livestock and other domestic animals such as dogs and cats

| inhalation of spores, contact with bodily fluid or feces

|

| Rabies

| Rabies lyssavirus

| dogs, bats, monkeys, raccoons, foxes, skunks, cattle, goats, sheep, wolves, coyotes, groundhogs, horses, mongooses and cats

| through saliva by biting, or through scratches from an infected animal

| Variety of places like Oceania, South America, Europe.

| Rat-bite fever

| Streptobacillus moniliformis, Spirillum minus

| rats, mice

| rat bite of rats, contact with urine and mucus secretions

|

| Rift Valley fever

| Phlebovirus

| livestock, buffaloes, camels

| mosquito bite, contact with bodily fluids, blood, tissues, breathing around butchered animals or raw milk

| 2006–07 East Africa outbreak.

| Rocio viral encephalitis

| Rocio virus

| birds{{Cite book |url=https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851994734.0000 |title=Encyclopedia of arthropod-transmitted infections of man and domesticated animals |date=January 2001 |publisher=CABI Publishing |isbn=978-0-85199-473-4 |editor-last=Service |editor-first=M. W.

|location=UK|doi=10.1079/9780851994734.0000 }}

| mosquito bite

|

| Rocky Mountain spotted fever

| Rickettsia rickettsii

| dogs, rodents

| tick bite

|

| Ross River fever

| Ross River virus

| kangaroos, wallabies, horses, opossums, birds, flying foxes

| mosquito bite

|

| Saint Louis encephalitis

| Saint Louis encephalitis virus

| birds

| mosquito bite

|

| Seoul virus infection

| Seoul virus

| rodents

| contact with infected rodent saliva, feces, urine, or bites

|

| Severe acute respiratory syndrome

| SARS coronavirus

| bats, civets

| close contact, respiratory droplets

| 2002–04 SARS outbreak; China.

| Sindbis fever

| Sindbis virus

| birds

| mosquito bite

|

| Smallpox

| Variola virus

| possibly monkeys and horses

| spread from person to person quickly

| Last reported case in 1977; certified by WHO to be eradicated (i.e., eliminated worldwide) as of 1980.

| Streptococcosis

| Streptococcus suis

| pigs

| direct contact with infected pigs or pork products, especially through cuts or abrasions, or inhalation of contaminated aerosols

|

| Swine influenza

| Swine influenza virus

| pigs

| close contact

| 2009–10; 2009 swine flu pandemic; Mexico.

| Taenia crassiceps infection

| Taenia crassiceps

| wolves, coyotes, jackals, foxes

| contact with soil contaminated with feces

|

| Tick-borne encephalitis

| Tick-borne encephalitis virus

| birds, rodents, horses

| tick bite (primarily by Ixodes ricinus)

|

| Thogotovirus infection

| Thogotovirus

| livestock, humans

| tick bite

|

| Toxocariasis

| Toxocara spp.

| dogs, foxes, cats

| ingestion of eggs in soil, fresh or unwashed vegetables or undercooked meat

|

| Toxoplasmosis

| Toxoplasma gondii

| cats, livestock, poultry, rodents

| exposure to cat feces, organ transplantation, blood transfusion, contaminated soil, water, grass, unwashed vegetables, unpasteurized dairy products and undercooked meat

| First identified in 1908 in a gundi in Tunisia and a rabbit in Brazil.{{Cite journal |last=Dubey |first=Jitender P. |title=The history of Toxoplasma gondii—the first 100 years |journal=Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology |date=2008 |volume=55 |issue=6 |pages=467–475 |doi=10.1111/j.1550-7408.2008.00345.x|pmid=19120791 }}

| Trichinosis (trichinellosis)

| Trichinella spp.

| rodents, pigs, horses, bears, walruses, dogs, foxes, crocodiles, birds

| eating undercooked meat

|

| Tuberculosis (white death, consumption)

| Mycobacterium bovis

| infected cattle, deer, llamas, pigs, domestic cats, wild carnivores (foxes, coyotes) and omnivores (possums, mustelids and rodents)

| milk, exhaled air, sputum, urine, feces and pus from infected animals

|

| Tularemia (rabbit fever)

| Francisella tularensis

| lagomorphs (type A), rodents (type B), birds

| ticks, deer flies, and other insects including mosquitoes

|

| Valtice fever (Ťahyňa virus virus infection)

| Bunyavirus

| rodents

| mosquito bite{{Cite journal |last1=Bennett |first1=Richard S |last2=Gresko |first2=Anthony K |last3=Murphy |first3=Brian R |last4=Whitehead |first4=Stephen S |date=2011-03-24 |title=Tahyna virus genetics, infectivity, and immunogenicity in mice and monkeys |journal=Virology Journal |volume=8 |issue=1 |page=135 |doi=10.1186/1743-422x-8-135 |doi-access=free |pmid=21435229 |pmc=3080826 |issn=1743-422X}}

|

| Venezuelan equine encephalitis

| Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus

| horses, donkeys, zebras, birds, rodents

| mosquito bite

|

| Wesselsbron disease

| Wesselsbron virus

| sheep, cattle

| mosquito bite

|

| West Nile fever

| West Nile virus

| birds, horses, primates, dogs, cats, and incidentally reptiles and amphibians

| mosquito bite

| First identified in 1937 in the West Nile sub-region of Uganda. Later emerged in the Western Hemisphere in 1999 during an outbreak in New York.{{Cite journal |last=Chancey |first=C. |title=The global ecology and epidemiology of West Nile virus |journal=BioMed Research International |date=2015 |volume=2015 |pages=1–20 |doi=10.1155/2015/376230 |doi-access=free |pmid=25866777 |pmc=4383390 }}

| Western equine encephalitis

| Western equine encephalitis virus

| horses, birds

| mosquito bite

|

| Yersiniosis

| Yersinia enterocolitica

| pigs, rodents, cattle

| ingestion of contaminated food or water

|

| Zika fever

| Zika virus

| chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans, monkeys, baboons

| mosquito bite, sexual intercourse, blood transfusion and sometimes bites of monkeys

| 2015–16 epidemic in the Americas and Oceania.