Llanishen

Originally wooded farm land, in A.D. 535 two monks came eastwards from the small religious settlement of Llandaff, aiming to establish new settlements, or "llans", in the land below Caerphilly Mountain. With fresh water from the Nant Fawr stream, one of the monks, Isan, founded his llan on the site of the modern day Oval Park.

In 1089 at the Battle of the Heath, the Normans fought the Welsh Celts north of the settlement. The victorious Normans expanded Llanishen, starting work on a church to the north which was completed in the 12th century.{{Citation needed |date=June 2023}}

Although Oliver Cromwell had ties with Llanishen and the neighbouring village of Lisvane, the village remained undisturbed until 1871, when the Rhymney Railway was given permission to break the stranglehold of the Taff Vale Railway into Cardiff Docks. Building a line from Caerphilly to Crockherbtown Junction just north of Cardiff Queen Street, its {{convert|1.5|mi|km}} tunnel to the north resulted in the accidental deaths of a number of people, many of them buried in St Isan's church.

The railway and the development of Llanishen railway station allowed wealthy Cardiff businesspeople to commute from the village to the city centre easily, resulting in the expansion of the village's population by 20,000 between 1851 and 1871. In 1887, the two new reservoirs of Llanishen were built to allow distribution of water collected in the Brecon Beacons to the city. In 1922, after expansion north by the city and south by the village, Llanishen became a suburb of Cardiff. Llanishen Golf Club was established in 1905.{{cite web|url=http://www.golftoday.co.uk/clubhouse/coursedir/wales/south_glamorgan/llanishen.html|title=Llanishen Golf Club|publisher=Golf Today|access-date=12 April 2016}}

Development of the village since has been through redevelopment of former farming and military land into commercial usage and housing development.

Thornhill was part of the Llanishen civil parish until November 2016, when a new community of Thornhill was created north of the Linear Park.Ruth Mosalski (23 March 2015) [http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/local-news/no-longer-housebuyers-able-mock-8904563 "No longer will housebuyers be able to mock estate agents... Pontcanna is set to be one of four city 'areas' given official status"], Wales Online. Retrieved 16 January 2018.{{cite book|title=The City and County of Cardiff (Communities) Order – 2016 No. 1155 (W. 277)|date=2016|publisher=Welsh Statutory Instruments|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/wsi/2016/1155/pdfs/wsi_20161155_mi.pdf}}

File:Government offices, Llanishen, Cardiff.jpg

Parc Tŷ Glas is home to the offices of the television station S4C and of the National Eisteddfod of Wales. HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) formerly occupied Ty Glas, an 18-storey tower block (Phase 2), the 11-storey Gleider House (Phase 1), Ty Rhodfa (formerly the Valuation Office Agency){{cite web|url=http://atschool.eduweb.co.uk/wellscs/geog/Llan6.html|title=Llanishen - A changing suburb in North Cardiff|access-date=25 May 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060220092933/http://atschool.eduweb.co.uk/wellscs/geog/Llan6.html|archive-date=20 February 2006}} employing more than 2,700 staff on site in 2007{{cite web|url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmhansrd/cm080114/text/80114w0019.htm|title=House of Commons Hansard Written Answers for 14 Jan 2008 (pt 0019)|author=Department of the Official Report (Hansard), House of Commons, Westminster|website=Publications.parliament.uk|access-date=9 April 2016}} and ground floor offices for an enquiry centre or IREC. In 2020 the tax office vacated the site and moved to Central Square in the city centre.{{Cite web|last=March 2021|first=Emily Withers·19|date=2021-03-19|title=Public asked for views on Llanishen's former HMRC site|url=https://cardiffjournalism.co.uk/thecardiffian/2021/03/19/public-asked-for-views-on-llanishens-former-hmrc-site/|access-date=2021-06-13|website=The Cardiffian|language=en-GB}}

The HM Government buildings are due to be demolished and replaced by up to 250 houses, 70 retirement apartments, a care home, employment units, and a health centre.{{Cite web|last=Deacon|first=Thomas|date=2021-03-16|title=Huge plans to knock down tax offices and build hundreds of homes|url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/tax-office-llanishen-plans-cardiff-20181089|access-date=2021-06-13|website=WalesOnline|language=en}}{{Cite web|title=Tax Office Site, Ty Glas, Llanishen, Cardiff|url=https://www.tyglasconsultation.co.uk/|access-date=2021-08-31|website=tyglasconsultation.co.uk|language=en}}

Llanishen played a role in the Second World War effort. With the development of ROF Bridgend, a Royal Ordnance Factory, ROF Cardiff was opened in 1940 to take the explosives from Bridgend and produce tank, anti-tank and field guns.{{cite web|title=CARDIFF ROYAL ORDNANCE FACTORY, LLANISHEN, CARDIFF|url=http://www.coflein.gov.uk/en/site/308133/details/CARDIFF+ROYAL+ORDNANCE+FACTORY,+LLANISHEN,+CARDIFF/|website=coflein.gov.uk|publisher=The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales|access-date=14 May 2016}} Air defences against paratroopers were placed in nearby fields, and facilities were strengthened in 1941 when the Royal Air Force established both a RAF Regiment base and a glider training facility. In 1943 the United States Army began using the facilities to hold troops and undertake local training, including basic flight in Tiger Cubs. The Americans left in June 1944 as the Allies prepared for D-Day. In 1987 ROF Cardiff became an Atomic Weapons Establishment.{{cite web|title=Atomic Weapons Research Establishment and Atomic Weapons Establishment: Administration of the Aldermaston Site: Files and Reports|url=http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C11669494|website=nationalarchives.gov.uk|publisher=The National Archives|access-date=14 May 2016|quote=In 1987, AWRE was combined with ROF Burghfield and ROF Cardiff to form the AWE}} It closed down in February 1997.

Since its closure, ROF Cardiff has become the site of major housing developments by George Wimpey (called Parklands), Barratt (Ty Glas Square) and Leadbitter (Llys Enfys. Bellway and Persimmon/Charles Church created further housing between the AWE site and the HMRC building. The site will also host a new public open space, the final element to be constructed (2010), to include a children's play area, sports pitch and community garden. Part of the George Wimpey development has been named Watkins Square and the Barratt development Tasker Square – after Wales' famous Victoria Cross winner Sir Tasker Watkins, who died during 2007.

File:The Orchards, Llanishen, Cardiff - geograph-1988500-by-Gareth-James.jpg

The Orchards complex, formerly the site of the National Coal Board's regional office, housed the offices of the Higher Education Funding Council for Wales,{{cite web|url=https://www.hefcw.ac.uk/about_us/staff_directory/staff_dir_con_details.aspx|title=Staff directory and contact details|website=HEFCW.ac.uk|access-date=9 April 2016}} and the Welsh office of the Camelot Group, operators of the UK National Lottery.{{cite web|url=http://lottery.merseyworld.com/Info/Camelot.html|title=How To Contact Camelot |website=Lottery.merseyworld.com|access-date=9 April 2016}} In 2018, the Orchards were demolished and McCarthy and Stone built an independent living complex called Llys Faith.

Llanishen village is a small local shopping centre offering a range of shops and services to the surrounding community.

Llanishen Library is a full-time branch library.

{{main|Llanishen Reservoir}}

The area includes two non-functional reservoirs, Llanishen Reservoir and the smaller, adjoining Lisvane Reservoir. Llanishen Reservoir forms the end of a Victorian water supply system stretching from the Brecon Beacons to Cardiff. It was previously threatened by an American-led commercial development for domestic housing, where the proposed houses would be built around a reduced lake. However, the site was designation by Cadw and as a Site of Special Scientific Interest, making it difficult for the developer to gain building permission. Locals have campaigned to make the area a registered village green.{{cite web|url=http://www.llanishenrag.com |title=Home Page | Reservoir Action Group|website=Llanishenrag.com|access-date=9 April 2016}}{{cite web|url=http://icwales.icnetwork.co.uk/0100news/features/tm_objectid=17632301&method=full&siteid=50082-name_page.html |title=WalesOnline: News, sport, weather and events from across Wales |website=Icwales.icnetwork.co.uk|access-date=9 April 2016}}

{{Main|Cardiff Sailing Centre}}

Cardiff Sailing Centre (Llanishen Sailing Centre){{cite web|url=http://www.llanishensc.co.uk |title=Llanishen Sailing Centre is now Cardiff Sailing Centre|website=Llanishensc.co.uk |access-date=9 April 2016}} is a sailing school teaching sailing, windsurfing and powerboating.{{cite web|url=http://www.rya.org.uk/newsevents/news/Pages/daveevansmarlowfeb08.aspx |title=Marlow Ropes joy for up-and-coming Evans | News | News & Events |website=Rya.org.uk |date=19 May 2009|access-date=9 April 2016}}{{cite web|url=http://www.rya.org.uk/newsevents/news/Pages/CardiffschoolchildrengetOnBoard.aspx |title=Cardiff school children get OnBoard | News | News & Events|website=rya.org.uk|date=25 June 2009|access-date=9 April 2016}}

File:Llanishen Leisure Centre Cardiff.JPG

Llanishen Leisure Centre{{cite web|url=http://www.cardiff.gov.uk/content.asp?nav%3D2868%2C2967%2C3001%2C3707%2C3712%26parent_directory_id%3D2865 |title=Llanishen Leisure Centre |access-date=9 July 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926221315/http://www.cardiff.gov.uk/content.asp?nav=2868%2C2967%2C3001%2C3707%2C3712&parent_directory_id=2865 |archive-date=26 September 2007 }} is situated in Llanishen and is the largest in the city. It has a pool with a wave machine, Squash courts, multi-activity sports hall, gym and cafeteria. It is built in a very similar layout to the leisure centre in Pentwyn.

There is a public skatepark next to the leisure centre, featuring two quarter-pipes, a jump box, two flat banks, a driveway, a spine, a rail, a wallride and a halfpipe.{{cite web|url=https://www.cardiff.gov.uk/ENG/resident/Leisure-parks-and-culture/Leisure-centres-and-facilities/Sports%20Venues/Venues/Pages/Llanishen-Skatepark.aspx |title=Llanishen Skate Park |access-date=14 May 2016}} Llanishen is also home to RampWorld Cardiff, which is Wales' largest indoor skatepark and operates as a non-profit making charity to provide indoor extreme sports training facilities.

GoAir Trampoline Park is located on the Ty Glas Business Park in Llanishen.

Llanishen RFC is based in the area and has a 3G rugby ground, built in 2018 as part of a new partnership with Llanishen High School. The club house is off Ty Glas Avenue nearby. The club's former training ground and pitch was located off Usk Road and was sold to a housing developer to fund the new 3G pitch facilities {{cite web|url=http://www.llanishenrfc.co.uk/|title=About Us|website=Llanishenrfc.co.uk|date=20 June 2014|access-date=9 April 2016}}

File:Llanishen Methodist Church - geograph.org.uk - 126497.jpg

• Christ the King R.C. Primary School
• Coed Glas{{cite web|url=http://www.coedglasprimary.co.uk|title=Coed Glas Primary School|access-date=14 May 2016}}
• Ysgol y Wernhttps://www.ysgolywern.co.uk/en/
• The Court Special School

• Llanishen High School – previously known as Heol Hir Boys' School and Heol Hir Girls' School (1960–70s)

The district is served by two railway stations: Llanishen railway station (on the Cardiff Central to Rhymney Line) in the east and Ty Glas railway station (on the Cardiff Central to Coryton) in the west.

Three bus routes serve Llanishen:

• 27 Thornhill from Cardiff Bus Interchange operated by Cardiff Bus
• 28 from Station Road (Thornhill) Through Roath Park to Cardiff Bus Interchange – operated by Cardiff Bus
• 86 (Lisvane) – operated by Cardiff Bus

File:Cardiff ward location - Llanishen.png

{{main|Llanishen (electoral ward)}}

Llanishen is part of an electoral ward with Thornhill, and is also a community of the City of Cardiff. There is no community council for the area.

The Llanishen ward falls within the Senedd constituency of Cardiff North and the UK Parliamentary constituency of the same name. It covers some or all of the geographical areas of Llanishen and Thornhill. It is bounded by the wards of Lisvane to the northwest; Cyncoed to the southeast; Heath to the south; and Rhiwbina to the west.

• Since 2017, Cardiff North has been represented in the British House of Commons by Anna McMorrin MP (Labour).{{Cite web |date=23 December 2022 |title=MPs representing Cardiff North |url=https://members.parliament.uk/constituency/3390/overview |access-date=23 December 2022 |website=UK Parliament}}
• Since 2011, Cardiff North has been represented in the Senedd by Julie Morgan MS (Labour).{{Cite web |title=Julie Morgan MS |url=https://senedd.wales/people/julie-morgan-ms/ |access-date=2022-12-23 |website=senedd.wales |language=en-GB}}
• As of December 2022, Llanishen is represented on Cardiff Council by Councillors Gerry Hunt and Bethan Proctor (both Labour).{{Cite web |date=2022-12-23 |title=Your Councillors |url=https://cardiff.moderngov.co.uk/mgMemberIndex.aspx?FN=WARD&VW=LIST&PIC=0 |access-date=2022-12-23 |website=cardiff.moderngov.co.uk}}

The 16th-century Welsh bard Meurig Dafydd was born in Llanishen. The film director Richard Marquand (Jagged Edge, Return of the Jedi) was born in Llanishen. His father was Labour MP Hilary Marquand.{{cite web|url=http://cinema.aliceadsl.fr/personnalite/default.aspx?personnaliteid%3DPI010074|title=Richard Marquand - Réalisateur - (1937 - 1987)|access-date=23 October 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070830161902/http://cinema.aliceadsl.fr/personnalite/default.aspx?personnaliteid=PI010074 |archive-date=30 August 2007}} Footballer Joe Jacobson was born and raised in Llanishen. Radio presenter Polly James grew up in the area.{{cite web | url=http://www.styleofthecitymag.co.uk/style-of-the-talks-exclusively-with-polly-james-one-of-wales-favourite-radio-presenters/ | title=Style of the City talks exclusively with Polly James, one of Wales' favourite radio presenters | date=14 October 2019 }}

• St Isan's Church

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• {{commons category-inline|Llanishen, Cardiff}}

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Category:Communities in Cardiff