Lockheed Model 10 Electra#Surviving aircraft

{{distinguish|text = the unrelated later turboprop airliner, the Lockheed L-188 Electra}}

{{Infobox aircraft

|name =Model 10 Electra

|image = File:Earhart-electra_10.jpg

|caption =Amelia Earhart and Fred Noonan's modified Electra 10E

|type = Light airliner

|manufacturer =Lockheed

|designer =Hall Hibbard

|first_flight = February 23, 1934

|introduction =1935

|retired =

|status =

|primary_user =

|more_users =

|produced =

|number_built =149

|unit cost =

|developed_from=

|variants = Lockheed XC-35

|developed_into = {{ubl|Lockheed Model 12 Electra Junior | Lockheed Model 14 Super Electra}}

}}

The Lockheed Model 10 Electra is an American twin-engined, all-metal monoplane airliner developed by the Lockheed Aircraft Corporation, which was produced primarily in the 1930s to compete with the Boeing 247 and Douglas DC-2. The type gained considerable fame after being flown by Amelia Earhart and Fred Noonan on their ill-fated around-the-world expedition in 1937.

Design and development

File:Kelly-Johnson Electra.jpg is testing an Electra model with single vertical tail and forward-sloping windshield in the University of Michigan's wind tunnel.]]

Some of Lockheed's wooden designs, such as the Orion, had been built by Detroit Aircraft Corporation with metal fuselages. However, the Electra was Lockheed's first all-metal and twin-engined design by Lloyd Stearman{{cite web|title=Lloyd Stearman|url=http://www.nationalaviation.org/stearman-lloyd/|publisher=National Aviation Hall of Fame|access-date=22 May 2013|archive-date=6 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130806060456/http://nationalaviation.org/stearman-lloyd/|url-status=dead}}{{harvnb|Phillips|2006|p=26}} and Hall Hibbard. The name Electra came from a star in the Pleiades. The prototype made its first flight on February 23, 1934, with Marshall Headle at the controls.{{harvnb|Gunston|1998|p=8}}

Wind-tunnel work on the Electra was undertaken at the University of Michigan. Much of the work was performed by a student assistant, Kelly Johnson. He suggested two changes be made to the design: changing the single tail to double tails (later a Lockheed trademark), and deleting oversized wing fillets. Both of these suggestions were incorporated into production aircraft.{{harvnb|Francillon|1987|p=117-118}} Upon receiving his master's degree, Johnson joined Lockheed as a regular employee, ultimately leading the Skunk Works in developing advanced aircraft such as the Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird.

The Lockheed Electra was one of the first commercial passenger aircraft with retractable landing gear to come equipped with mudguards as standard equipment, although aircraft with fixed landing gear commonly had mudguards much earlier than this.[https://books.google.com/books?id=wt8DAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA523 "Mud Guards on Plane Wheels Protect Landing Gear."] Popular Mechanics, April 1935, p. 523, (bottom-right).

Operational history

File:Lockheed 10B VH-ASM Marshall Aws Bankstown 4.10.70 edited-2.jpg in 1937]]

After October 1934, when the US government banned single-engined aircraft for use in carrying passengers or in night flying, Lockheed was perfectly placed in the market with its new Model 10 Electra. In addition to deliveries to US-based airlines, several European operators added Electras to their prewar fleets. In Latin America, the first airline to use Electras was Cubana de Aviación, starting in 1935, for its domestic routes.

File:Lockheed 10A Electra flight deck.jpg

Besides airline orders, a number of non-commercial civil operators also purchased the new Model 10.Winchester 2004, p. 188. In May 1937, H. T. "Dick" Merrill and J. S. Lambie accomplished a round-trip crossing of the Atlantic Ocean. The feat was declared the first round-trip commercial crossing of that ocean by any aircraft. It won them the Harmon Trophy. On the eastbound trip, they carried newsreels of the crash of the Hindenburg, and on the return trip from the United Kingdom, they brought photographs of the coronation of King George VI. Bata Shoes operated the Model 10 to ferry its executives between their European factories.

File:Amelia Earhart - GPN-2002-000211.jpg

Probably the most famous use of the Electra was the highly modified Model 10E flown by Amelia Earhart and Fred Noonan. In July 1937, they disappeared over the central Pacific Ocean during an attempted round-the-world flight.

Many Electras and their design descendants (the Model 12 Electra Junior and Model 14 Super Electra) were pressed into military service during World War II, for instance the USAAF's C-36. By the end of the war, the Electra design was obsolete, although many smaller airlines and charter services continued to operate Electras into the 1970s.

Electras were popular as private planes for royalty in Asia and Europe. In India, the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir and the Maharaja of Jodhpur both purchased them for their personal use in 1937.Straits Times, 30 December 1937, Page 10.

Variants

File:Lockheed Y1C-36.jpg

File:Lockheed Y1C-37.jpg

File:Lockheed XC-35 parked.jpg

The Electra was produced in several variants, for both civilian and military customers. Lockheed built a total of 149 Electras.

;Electra 10-A

:Powered by two Pratt & Whitney R-985 Wasp Junior SB, {{cvt|450|hp|0}} each; 101 produced.

:* Three built for the U.S. Army Air Corps as Y1C-36, redesignated as C-36 in 1938 and as UC-36 in 1943.

:* Fifteen impressed by the U.S. Army Air Forces as C-36A, redesignated as UC-36A in 1943.

:* One built as XR2O-1 for the U.S. Secretary of the Navy.{{harvnb|Francillon|1987|p=122}}

:* One built as Y1C-37 for the Chief of the National Guard Bureau, redesignated as C-37 in 1938 and as UC-37 in 1943.

;Electra 10-B

:Powered by Wright R-975-E3 Whirlwind, {{cvt|440|hp|0}} each; 18 produced

:* Seven impressed by the U.S. Army Air Forces as C-36C, redesignated as UC-36C in 1943.

:* One built as XR3O-1 for the U.S. Coast Guard for use by the Secretary of the Treasury.

;Electra 10-C

:Powered by Pratt & Whitney R-1340 Wasp SC1, {{cvt|450|hp|0}} each; eight produced for Pan American Airways.

;Electra 10-D

:Proposed military transport version; none built.

;Electra 10-E

:Powered by Pratt & Whitney R-1340 Wasp S3H1, {{cvt|600|hp|0}} each; 15 produced. The version used by Amelia Earhart.

:* Five impressed by the U.S. Army Air Forces as C-36B, redesignated as UC-36B in 1943.

;XC-35

:Experimental pressurized research model powered by turbocharged Pratt & Whitney XR-1340-43, {{cvt|550|hp|0}} each. The one production model was tested for the War Department by Lieutenant Benjamin S. Kelsey. For this work, the Army Air Corps was awarded the 1937 Collier Trophy.[https://books.google.com/books?id=79oDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA184 "New Plane Ready For Stratosphere Test Flights."] Popular Mechanics, August 1937.

;Lockheed KXL1

:A single Lockheed Model 10 Electra supplied to the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service for evaluation.

Operators

File:Lockheed 10A N241M 7656 Denton TX 26.07.86 edited-3.jpg markings]]

File:RAF Lockheed 10A Electra.jpg service]]

File:Lockheed XR2O-1.jpeg

=Civil operators=

;{{AUS}}

Ansett Airways
Guinea Airways, an Australian airline serving New Guinea.
MacRobertson-Miller Aviation
Marshall Airways
Qantas Empire Airways{{harvnb|Bridgman|1948|p=24b}}

;{{flag|Brazil|1889}}

;{{flag|Canada|1921}}

;{{CHI}}

LAN Chile

;{{CUB}}

Compañia Cubana de Aviación{{harvnb|Bridgman|1948|p=30b}}

;{{CSK}}

Baťa Shoes Corporation

;{{flag|Mexico|1934}}

Compañía Mexicana de Aviación

;{{NLD}}

KLM West Indies Section

;{{NZL}}

;{{flag|Panama}}

TASA-Turismo Aereo S.A. operated one aircraft between Panama City (Paitilla) and Chitre circa 1957–1963.

;{{POL}}

LOT Polish Airlines operated ten aircraft between 1936 and 1939.{{harvnb|Francillon|1987|p=124}}

;{{flag|Kingdom of Romania|name=Romania}}

LARES

;{{UK}}

British Airways Ltd. (not to be confused with the present-day British Airways)

;{{flag|United States|1912}}

Braniff Airways
Chicago and Southern Air Lines
Continental Air Lines
Delta Air Lines
Eastern Air Lines
Mid-Continent Airlines (formerly Hanford Airlines)
Midwest Airways
National Airlines
Northeast Airlines (formerly Boston-Maine/Central Vermont Airways)
Northwest Airlines{{harvnb|Francillon|1987|p=122}}
Pacific Alaska Airways, which became the Alaska division of Pan American Airways
Provincetown-Boston Airlines
Wisconsin Central Airlines

;{{flag|Venezuela|1930}}

;{{flagcountry|Kingdom of Yugoslavia}}

Aeroput{{harvnb|Francillon|1987|p=125}}

=Military operators=

;{{ARG}}

Argentine Air Force

;{{BRA}}

Brazilian Air Force

;{{flag|Canada|1921}}

Royal Canadian Air Force

;{{HON}}

Honduran Air Force

;{{NIC}}

Nicaragua Air Force pre 1979

;{{flag|Spain|1931}}

Spanish Republican Air Force

;{{flag|Empire of Japan|name=Japan}}

Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service

;{{UK}}

Royal Air Force

;{{flag|United States|1912}}

;{{flag|Venezuela|1930}}

Venezuelan Air Force

Surviving aircraft

File:L-10A Electra at WCAM.JPG livery at the Western Canada Aviation Museum]]

File:Lockheed Electra (6305853672).jpg]]

1011 – Electra 10A on static display at the Pima Air and Space Museum in Tucson, Arizona.{{cite web|title=ELECTRA|url=http://www.pimaair.org/aircraft-by-name/item/lockheed-model-10-electra|website=Pima Air & Space Museum|access-date=22 October 2017|archive-date=23 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023063228/http://www.pimaair.org/aircraft-by-name/item/lockheed-model-10-electra|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|title=FAA REGISTRY [N4963C]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N4963C|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|access-date=23 October 2017|archive-date=23 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023173924/http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N4963C|url-status=dead}}
1015 – Electra 10E on static display at the Museum of Flight in Seattle, Washington.{{cite web|title=Lockheed Model 10-E Electra|url=http://www.museumofflight.org/aircraft/lockheed-model-10-e-electra|website=The Museum of Flight|access-date=23 October 2017}}{{cite web|title=FAA REGISTRY [N72GT]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N72GT|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|access-date=23 October 2017|archive-date=23 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023115711/http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N72GT|url-status=dead}}
1026 – Electra 10A on display at the Oakland Aviation Museum in Oakland, California.{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier - Lockheed L-10 Electra, c/n 1026, c/r N38BB|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=24285|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=23 October 2017}}
1037 – Electra 10A on static display at the Science Museum in London.{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier - LockheedL-10 Electra, c/n 1037, c/r G-LIOA|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=616|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=23 October 2017}}
1042 Muriel – Electra 10E on static display at the Amelia Earhart Hangar Museum at Amelia Earhart Airport in Atchison, Kansas. Delivered to Atchison in August 2016, it was previously owned by Grace McGuire, who had planned on using it to recreate Amelia Earhart's around-the-world flight.{{cite web|title=FAA REGISTRY [N1602D]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N1602D|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|access-date=23 October 2017|archive-date=23 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023064042/http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N1602D|url-status=dead}}{{cite news|last1=Cronkleton|first1=Robert A.|title=Plane similar to Amelia Earhart's aircraft to arrive Monday in Atchison, Kan.|url=http://www.kansascity.com/news/local/article97071152.html|access-date=23 October 2017|work=The Kansas City Star|date=21 August 2016}}{{cite web|title=Original Sister-Ship to Earhart's Plane to Make Final Journey Home to Atchison, Kansas, Birthplace of Amelia Earhart|url=http://www.aviationpros.com/press_release/12244646/original-sister-ship-to-earharts-plane-to-make-final-journey-home-to-atchison-kansas-birthplace-of-amelia-earhart|website=AviationPros|date=15 August 2016}}
1052 – Electra 10A on static display at the New England Air Museum in Windsor Locks, Connecticut.{{cite web|title=Lockheed 10-A 'Electra'|url=http://neam.org/ac-lockheed-10a.php|website=New England Air Museum|access-date=22 October 2017|archive-date=23 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023063312/http://neam.org/ac-lockheed-10a.php|url-status=dead}} Originally an XR2O-1 used for transporting high ranking staff by the U.S. Navy, it is now painted in Northwest Airlines colors. At one point it was intended to use this machine for a recreation of the Earhart flight but it was not carried out.{{cite web|title=Visit|url=http://neam.org/visit/visit.asp|website=New England Air Museum|access-date=22 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100925213810/http://neam.org/visit/visit.asp|archive-date=25 September 2010}}{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier - Lockheed XR20-1, s/n 0267 USN, c/n 1052, c/r N57573|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=4246|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=23 October 2017}}
1091 – Electra 10A airworthy with Ivo Lukačovič at Točná Airport in Točná, Prague.{{cite web|title=Lockheed Electra 10A Jana Antonína Baťi|url=http://www.tocna.cz/letadla-na-tocne/lockheed-electra-10a|website=Prague Tocna Airport|access-date=23 October 2017|language=cs|archive-date=23 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023235959/http://www.tocna.cz/letadla-na-tocne/lockheed-electra-10a/|url-status=dead}} Registered previously as OK-CTB (now N241M), it was one of two owned by Bata Shoe Co. in Prague, Czechoslovakia before WWII. At the outbreak of WWII it was evacuated to England, and onward to Canada where it served with the RCAF. After a succession of US owners, it was eventually reacquired by Bata Shoe, and fully restored by Wichita Air Services in Newton, Kansas.{{cite news|title=1937 Electra being restored for trip home to Prague|url=http://www.kansas.com/news/business/aviation/article1311223.html|access-date=23 October 2017|work=The Wichita Eagle|date=27 August 2014}} Wearing its original colors and registration marks, it was ferried back to Prague in May 2015.{{Cite news|url=http://www.thespec.com/news-story/5574822-last-flying-electra-10-lands-at-warplane-heritage-for-maintenance/|title=Last flying Electra 10 lands at Warplane Heritage for maintenance|date=2015-04-24|newspaper=The Hamilton Spectator|access-date=2016-07-31}}{{cite web|last1=Johnstone|first1=Chris|title=BAŤA'S LOCKHEED ELECTRA PLANE RETURNS AFTER MORE THAN 75 YEARS|url=http://www.radio.cz/en/section/curraffrs/batas-lockheed-electra-plane-returns-after-more-than-75-years|website=Czech Radio|publisher=Český Rozhlas|access-date=23 October 2017|date=28 May 2015}}
1112 – Electra 10A on static display at the Canada Aviation and Space Museum in Ottawa, Ontario. Originally purchased by Trans-Canada Air Lines as their first new aircraft, it was transferred to the RCAF in 1939, with whom it served for most of World War II. After the war it was operated by a number of private owners. It survived into the 1960s when Ann Pellegreno between June 7 and July 10, 1967, flew the aircraft on a round-the-world flight to commemorate Amelia Earhart's last flight in 1937. After being acquired by Air Canada, it was restored in 1968 and donated to the museum.{{cite web|title=LOCKHEED L-10A ELECTRA|url=http://ingeniumcanada.org/aviation/collection-research/artifact-lockheed-l-10a-electra.php|website=Ingenium|access-date=23 October 2017}}{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier - Lockheed L-10A Electra, s/n 1526 RCAF, c/n 1112, c/r CF-TCA|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=106056|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=23 October 2017}}
1116 – Electra 10A airworthy at the Royal Aviation Museum of Western Canada in Winnipeg, Manitoba. It was one of a second batch of three Electras delivered to Trans-Canada Airlines. Found in Florida in the early 1980s by a vacationing Air Canada employee, it was returned to Winnipeg for restoration. In 1987 it flew across Canada in honor of the 50th anniversary of Air Canada – who owns and operates the aircraft.{{cite web|title=Lockheed 10A Electra, CF-TCC|url=http://www.royalaviationmuseum.com/1071/lockheed-10a-electra-cf-tcc|website=Royal Aviation Museum of Western Canada|access-date=23 October 2017}}{{cite web|title=Canadian Civil Aircraft Register: Aircraft Details [CF-TCC]|url=http://wwwapps.tc.gc.ca/Saf-Sec-Sur/2/CCARCS-RIACC/ADet.aspx?id=14041|website=Transport Canada|date = 28 August 2013|access-date=23 October 2017}}
1130 – Electra 10A on static display at the National Naval Aviation Museum in Pensacola, Florida.{{cite web|title=L-10 ELECTRA|url=http://www.navalaviationmuseum.org/attractions/aircraft-exhibits/item/?item=l-10_electra|website=National Naval Aviation Museum|publisher=Naval Aviation Museum Foundation|access-date=22 October 2017}}{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier - Lockheed L-10A Electra, c/n 1130, c/r N19HL|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=36942|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=23 October 2017}}
1138 – Electra 10A on static display at the Museum of Transport and Technology in Auckland.{{cite web|title=AIRCRAFT [LOCKHEED MODEL 10E ELECTRA]|url=http://www.motat.org.nz/collections/collection-online/aircraft-lockheed-model-10e-electra-542477|website=MOTAT|access-date=22 October 2017|archive-date=23 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023065516/http://www.motat.org.nz/collections/collection-online/aircraft-lockheed-model-10e-electra-542477|url-status=dead}}
1145 - Electra 10A airworthy with Rob Mackley at Auckland, New Zealand registered as ZK-AFD.{{cite web|title=Aircraft Registry Query Results|url=https://www.aviation.govt.nz/aircraft/aircraft-registration/aircraft-register-search/ShowDetails/AFD|website=Civil Aviation Authority of New Zealand|publisher=aviation.govt.nz/|access-date=31 January 2024}} Aircraft ex LAN Chile,{{cite web|title=Lockheed Electra 10A C/n 1145|url=https://www.aerorestoration.co.nz/current-projects/lockheed-electra-10a-c/n-1145|website=Aero R|publisher=aerorestoration.co.nz/|access-date=31 January 2024}} previously registered CC226 'Diego de Almagro', CC-LGN-507, CC-CLG-0005, CC-CLEA-231 and N10310.{{cite web|title=Lockheed L10 Electra|url=http://www.kiwiaircraftimages.com/electra.html|website=Kiwi Aircraft Images|publisher=kiwiaircraftimages.com/|access-date=31 January 2024}}
3105 – XC-35 in storage at the Paul E. Garber Preservation, Restoration, and Storage Facility of the National Air and Space Museum in Suitland, Maryland. It was used for testing pressurization.{{cite web|title=Lockheed XC-35 Electra|url=http://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/lockheed-xc-35-electra|website=Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum|access-date=22 October 2017|archive-date=24 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170524122142/https://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/lockheed-xc-35-electra|url-status=dead}}

Specifications (Electra 10A)

File:Lockheed Model 10 Electra.svg

{{Aircraft specs

|ref=Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1937.{{harvnb|Bridgman|Grey|1937||p=307c-308c}}

|prime units?=imp

|crew=2

|capacity=10 passengers + {{cvt|670|lb|0}} mail and baggage

|length ft=38

|length in=7

|length note=

|span ft=55

|span in=

|span note=

|height ft=10

|height in=1

|height note=

|wing area sqft=458.3

|wing area note=

|aspect ratio=

|airfoil=root: Clark Y (18%); tip: Clark Y (9%){{cite web |last1=Lednicer |first1=David |title=The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage |url=https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html |website=m-selig.ae.illinois.edu |access-date=16 April 2019}}

|empty weight lb=6325

|empty weight note=equipped

|gross weight lb=10100

|gross weight note=

|max takeoff weight lb=

|max takeoff weight note=

|fuel capacity={{cvt|194|USgal|impgal l|1}} in centre-section leading edges and fuselage

|more general=

|eng1 number=2

|eng1 name=Pratt & Whitney R-985 Wasp Junior SB

|eng1 type=9-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engines

|eng1 hp=450

|eng1 note=at 2,300 rpm at {{cvt|5000|ft|0}}

|prop blade number=2

|prop name=Hamilton Standard constant-speed propellers

|prop dia ft=

|prop dia in=

|prop dia note=

|max speed mph=190

|max speed note=at sea level, fully loaded

::::{{cvt|210|mph|kn km/h|0}} at {{cvt|5000|ft|0}}

|cruise speed mph=176

|cruise speed note=at sea level

::::{{cvt|185|mph|kn km/h|0}} at {{cvt|5000|ft|0}}

::::{{cvt|195|mph|kn km/h|0}} at {{cvt|9600|ft|0}}

Landing speed: {{cvt|64|mph|kn km/h|0}} flaps down

|stall speed mph=

|stall speed note=

|never exceed speed mph=

|never exceed speed note=

|minimum control speed mph=

|minimum control speed note=

|range miles=810

|range note=at 75% power with maximum fuel

|combat range miles=

|combat range note=

|ferry range miles=

|ferry range note=

|endurance=

|ceiling ft=21250

|ceiling note=

Absolute ceiling: {{cvt|23200|ft|0}}
Absolute ceiling on one engine: {{cvt|5800|ft|0}} fully loaded

|g limits=

|roll rate=

|glide ratio=

|climb rate ftmin=1000

|climb rate note=

|time to altitude=

|sink rate ftmin=

|sink rate note=

|lift to drag=

|wing loading lb/sqft=22.04

|wing loading note=

|fuel consumption lb/mi=

|power/mass={{cvt|0.079|hp/lb}}

|thrust/weight=

|more performance=

}}

References

=Sources=

=Bibliography=

{{cite book |title=Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1937 |editor1-last=Bridgman |editor1-first=Leonard |editor2-last=Grey |editor2-first=C.G. |year=1937 |publisher=Sampson Low, Marston & Company, Ltd. |location=London|pages=307c–308c}}

{{cite book |last=Bridgman |first=Leonard |title=Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1948 |location=London |publisher=Sampson Low, Marston & Company, Ltd. |year=1948}}

{{cite journal |last=Garrison |first=Peter |title=Head Skunk |journal=Air & Space Magazine |date=March 2010}}

{{cite journal |last=Gerdessen |first=Frederik |title=Estonian Air Power 1918 – 1945 |journal=Air Enthusiast |issue=18 |date=April 1982 |pages=61–76 |issn=0143-5450}}

{{cite book |last=Francillon |first=René J. |title=Lockheed Aircraft since 1913 |location=London |publisher=Putnam |year=1987 |isbn=0-87021-897-2}}

{{cite book |last=Gunston |first=Bill |title=Lockheed Aircraft: The History of Lockheed Martin (Aircraft Cutaways) |location=Oxford, UK |publisher=Osprey |year=1998 |isbn=978-1-85532-775-7}}

{{cite journal |last=Justo |first=Craig P. |title=Ten out of Ten: The Life and Times of a Lockheed Electra |journal=Air Enthusiast |issue=94 |date=July–August 2001 |pages=10–917 |issn=0143-5450}}

{{cite book|last=Phillips|first=Edward H|title=Stearman Aircraft: A Detailed History|year=2006|publisher=Specialty PressPub & Wholesalers}}

{{cite book |last=Winchester |first=Jim |editor-last=Winchester |editor-first=Jim |title=Lockheed 10 Electra |series=Civil Aircraft (The Aviation Factfile) |location=London |publisher=Grange Books plc |year=2004 |isbn=1-84013-642-1}}

External links

[http://collections.nasm.si.edu/code/emuseum.asp?profile=objects&newstyle=single&quicksearch=A19600294000 XC-35 in the collection of the National Air and Space Museum]
[https://web.archive.org/web/20141218223002/http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=3296 XC-35 from National Museum of the United States Air Force]
[https://books.google.com/books?id=QdsDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA87 "Luxurious Air Yacht Is a Home with Wings" Popular Mechanics, January 1936] Electra converted for business travel.
[https://www.facebook.com/pages/Hawk-Aero-Ltd/157266264340658?sk=photos_albums Lockheed Electra 10A Restoration project, New Zealand]