London Victoria station

{{Short description|London Underground and railway station}}

{{distinguish|Victoria line}}

{{Good article}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}

{{Infobox London station

| name = Victoria|symbol=rail

| alt_name = London Victoria

| manager = Network Rail

| owner = Network Rail

| locale = Victoria

| borough = City of Westminster

| platforms = 19

| fare_zone = 1

| railcode = VIC

| dft_category = A

| image_name = Victoria Bus and Railway Station.jpg

| image_alt =

| caption = Victoria Station in Westminster, London

| coordinates = {{coord|51.4952|-0.1441|type:railwaystation_region:GB|display=inline,title}}

| map_type = Central London

| years1 = 1 October 1860

| years2 = 1860

| years3 = 25 August 1862

| years4 =

| events1 = Opened by Victoria Station and Pimlico Railway

| events2 = Leased to London Brighton and South Coast Railway

| events3 = Separate station opened for London, Chatham and Dover and Great Western Railways

| events4 =

| cyclepark = Yes – platforms 7–8 & 17–18

| toilets = Yes

| railexits1920 = {{decrease}} 73.559

| railexits2021 = {{decrease}} 13.791

| railexits2122 = {{increase}} 36.776

| railexits2223 = {{increase}} 45.564

| railexits2324 = {{increase}} 50.830

| railint1920 = {{pad|1em}}{{decrease}} 5.756

| railint2021 = {{pad|1em}}{{decrease}} 1.385

| railint2122 = {{pad|1em}}{{increase}} 3.296

| railint2223 = {{pad|1em}}{{decrease}} 3.268

| railint2324 = {{pad|1em}}{{increase}} 3.290

| interchange = Victoria {{rail-interchange|london|underground}}

| access = yes

| access_note ={{citation step free south east rail}}

}}

Victoria station, also known as London Victoria, is a central London railway terminus and connected London Underground station in Victoria, in the City of Westminster, managed by Network Rail.{{cite web |url= https://www.networkrail.co.uk/virtualarchive/victoria-station/ |title=Victoria Station |publisher=Network Rail |date=26 July 2012 |access-date=25 February 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160511161734/http://www.networkrail.co.uk/virtualarchive/victoria-station/ |archive-date=11 May 2016 |url-status=dead}} Named after the nearby Victoria Street,{{Cite web |url= https://www.networkrail.co.uk/who-we-are/our-history/iconic-infrastructure/the-history-of-london-victoria-station/ |title=The history of London Victoria station |website=Network Rail |access-date=24 January 2019}} the mainline station is a terminus of the Brighton Main Line to {{rws|Gatwick Airport}} and {{rws|Brighton}} and the Chatham Main Line to {{rws|Ramsgate}} and Dover via {{rws|Chatham|Medway}}. From the main lines, trains can connect to the Catford Loop Line, the Dartford Loop Line, the Sutton & Mole Valley lines to {{rws|Dorking}} and the Oxted line to {{rws|East Grinstead}} and {{rws|Uckfield}}. Southern operates most commuter and regional services to south London, Sussex and parts of east Surrey and south-east Hampshire while Southeastern operates trains to south-east London and Kent, alongside limited services operated by Thameslink. Gatwick Express trains run direct to Gatwick. The London Underground station is served by three lines: Circle, District and Victoria. On the Circle and District lines, the station is between Sloane Square and St James's Park stations. On the Victoria line, it is between Pimlico and Green Park stations. The area around the station is an important interchange for other forms of transport: a local bus station is in the forecourt and Victoria Coach Station is nearby, which serves national and international coaches.

Victoria was built to serve both the Brighton and Chatham Main Lines, and has always had a "split" feel of being two separate stations. The Brighton station opened in 1860 with the Chatham station following two years later. It replaced a temporary terminus at Pimlico, and construction involved building the Grosvenor Bridge over the River Thames. It became immediately popular as a London terminus, causing delays and requiring upgrades and rebuilding. It was well known for luxury Pullman train services and continental boat-train trips, and became a focal point for soldiers during World War I.

As at other London termini, steam trains were phased out of Victoria by the 1960s, to be replaced by suburban electric and diesel multiple-unit services; all services from the station are currently operated using third rail electric multiple units. Despite the end of international services following the opening of the Channel Tunnel, Victoria still remains an important London terminal station. The connected Underground station, in particular, suffered from overcrowding, until a major upgrade was completed in the late 2010s.{{cite press release |url= https://tfl.gov.uk/info-for/media/press-releases/2018/january/victoria-tube-station-upgrade-delivers-quicker-journeys |title=Victoria Tube station upgrade delivers quicker journeys |date=25 January 2018 |publisher= Transport for London }} Gatwick Express provides half-hourly non-stop direct services between London Victoria and Gatwick Airport. However Southern run more frequent semi-fast services to Gatwick Airport.

Location

The station complex is in Victoria in the City of Westminster, immediately south of the London Inner Ring Road. It is located south of Victoria Street, east of Buckingham Palace Road and west of Vauxhall Bridge Road.{{cite web|url=https://www.google.co.uk/maps/@51.4949078,-0.1440788,17z|title=London Victoria station|publisher=Google Maps|access-date=2 August 2017}} Several railways lead into the station line by way of Grosvenor Bridge from the south west, south and south east.{{sfn|Davies|Grant|1983|p=48}} It is in Travelcard Zone 1 and is one of 19 stations managed by Network Rail.{{cite web|url=http://www.networkrail.co.uk/managed-stations/ |title=Commercial information |date=April 2014 |work=Our Stations |publisher=Network Rail |location=London |access-date=12 April 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410040141/http://www.networkrail.co.uk/managed-stations/ |archive-date=10 April 2014 }} It has been a Grade II listed building since 1970.{{NHLE|num=1266689|desc=Victoria Railway Station – The Former London, Chatham and Dover Railway Station including Train Shed|access-date=20 August 2017}}

Victoria Coach Station is about 300 metres south-west of the railway stations. It is the main London coach terminal and serves all parts of the UK and mainland Europe.{{cite web|url=http://www.tfl.gov.uk/gettingaround/1210.aspx|title=Victoria Coach Station|publisher=TfL|access-date=26 December 2009}}

The station is served by a large number of London Buses routes day and night, using Victoria bus station or neighbouring streets.{{Cite web|url=http://content.tfl.gov.uk/bus-route-maps/victoria-a4-290423.pdf|title=Buses from Victoria|date=29 April 2023|website=TfL|access-date=5 May 2023}}{{Cite web|url=http://content.tfl.gov.uk/bus-route-maps/victoria-night-a4-290423.pdf|title=Night buses from Victoria|date=29 April 2023|website=TfL|access-date=5 May 2023}}

History

=Background=

By 1850, railways serving destinations to the south of London had three termini available – {{rws|London Bridge}}, {{rws|Bricklayers' Arms}} and Waterloo. All three were inconvenient for Central London as they terminated south of the river Thames, whereas the main centres of population, business and government were north of the river in the City of London, the West End and Westminster.{{sfn|Jackson|1984|p=268}}

Victoria Station was designed in a piecemeal fashion to help address this problem for the London Brighton and South Coast Railway (LB&SCR) and the London Chatham and Dover Railway (LC&DR). It consisted of two adjacent main line railway stations which, from the viewpoint of passengers, were unconnected.{{sfn|Jackson|1984|pp=267–268}}

=Early history=

File:Victoria station 1897.jpg

The London and Brighton Railway terminus at London Bridge provided reasonable access to the City of London but was inconvenient for travellers to and from Westminster. As early as 1842 John Urpeth Rastrick had proposed that the railway should build a branch to serve the West End, but his proposal was unsuccessful.{{sfn|Turner|1978|pp=116–117}}

However, the transfer of the Crystal Palace from Hyde Park to Sydenham Hill between 1851 and 1854 created a major tourist attraction in the then rural area south of London, and the LB&SCR opened a branch line from the Brighton Main Line at Sydenham to the site in 1854.{{sfn|Gray|1977|pp=42–3}} While this was under construction the West End of London and Crystal Palace Railway also planned a line from Crystal Palace, to a new station at Battersea Wharf, at the southern end of the new Chelsea Bridge. Despite its location, the new station was called Pimlico. It opened on 27 March 1858, but was very much regarded as a temporary terminus, composed of a small number of wooden huts, and positioned immediately next to a proposed bridge over the Thames.{{sfn|Jackson|1984|p=268}} Shortly afterwards the LB&SCR leased most of the lines of the new railway, and built a further connection from Crystal Palace to the Brighton Main Line at Norwood Junction, thereby providing itself with a route into west London, although it was recognised that a terminus would be needed on the north side of the river.{{sfn|Gray|1977|pp=42–3}}

File:Clapham Junction, Stewarts Lane, Lavender Hill & Longhedge RJD 17.jpg

During the summer of 1857 a scheme for an independent "Grosvenor Basin Terminus" in the West End of London, "for the use of the Southern Railways of England" was mooted.{{sfn|Gray|1977|p=44}} The station was originally referred to as the "Grosvenor Terminus" but later renamed Victoria as it was sited at the end of Victoria Street.{{sfn|Gray|1977|p=45}} Three other railway companies were also seeking a terminus in Westminster: the Great Western (GWR), the London & North Western (LNWR), and the East Kent Railway (EKR). The first two already had rail access to Battersea through their joint ownership of the West London Line with the LB&SCR. In 1858, the EKR leased the remaining lines of the West End of London and Crystal Palace Railway from Shortlands railway station, and also negotiated temporary running powers over the lines recently acquired by the LB&SCR, pending the construction of its own line into west London.{{sfn|Turner|1978|p=121}} On 23 July 1859 these four companies together formed the Victoria Station and Pimlico Railway (VS&PR) company, with the object of extending the railway from Stewarts Lane Junction, Battersea across the river to a more convenient location nearer the West End,{{sfn|Turner|1978|p=122}} and the following month the EKR changed its name to the London Chatham and Dover Railway.{{sfn|Jackson|1984|p=269}}

The new line followed part of the route of the Grosvenor Canal with Victoria station on the former canal basin. It required the construction of a new bridge over the Thames, originally known as Victoria Bridge and later as Grosvenor Bridge.{{sfn|Jackson|1984|p=269}} The bridge was {{convert|930|ft}} long, which was required so that it could clear all river traffic. It was designed by John Fowler. The line was built as mixed gauge from Longhedge Junction, Battersea, to cater for GWR trains. It required a 1-in-50 climb and a {{convert|15|chain}} turn from the LSWR main line to reach the bridge.{{sfn|Jackson|1984|p=271}} The LB&SCR had hoped to amalgamate with the VS&PR, and introduced a parliamentary bill to allow it to do so in 1860. This was opposed by the GWR and LC&DR and rejected.{{cite news | title = Victoria Station and Pimlico Railway | newspaper = Daily News | location = London | date = 2 August 1860}} By way of compromise the LB&SCR was permitted to lease Victoria station from the VS&PR, but agreed to accommodate the other railways until a terminus could be built for them on an adjoining site.{{sfn|Jackson|1984|p=271}}

File:DISTRICT(1888) p142 - Victoria Station (plan).jpg

The LB&SCR side of Victoria station opened on 1 October 1860, the temporary terminus in Battersea having closed the day before. The station was designed by Robert Jacomb Hood.{{sfn|Jackson|1984|p=272}} It consisted of six platforms and ten tracks, with an entrance on Victoria Street. The site then covered {{convert|8.5|acres}}{{sfn|Gordon|1910|p=157}} and was {{convert|800|ft}} long and {{convert|230|ft}} wide. The roof was built on a set of wrought iron girders, with an additional safety row that would allow the main girders to withstand a train strike.{{sfn|Jackson|1984|p=272}} On the northwest corner of the station was the 300-bedroom Grosvenor Hotel. It was designed by J. T. Knowles, and run independently of the station itself. It opened in 1861.{{sfn|Jackson|1984|p=274}} The LCDR and GWR opened their own station on 25 August 1862, occupying a less imposing wooden-fronted building with an entrance on Wilton Road.{{sfn|Body|1989|p=201}} The Chatham line station had eight platforms, five of which were of mixed gauge, shared by broad-gauge trains of the GWR from Windsor via Southall.

=Post-opening=

Victoria station proved to be unexpectedly popular for both the main companies, and by 1862 there were frequent delays due to congestion at Stewarts Lane Junction. In March 1863 the LB&SCR and the LC&DR jointly funded a new high-level route into Victoria, avoiding Stewarts Lane and requiring the widening of Grosvenor Bridge, including the replacement of the broad-gauge rails with a third LB&SCR line. The work was completed during 1867/8.{{sfn|Gray|1977|p=61}}{{sfn|Jackson|1984|p=278}} The South Eastern Railway (SER) wanted to use Victoria as a London terminus as it was more convenient than London Bridge, but were advised they would need to pay extensive tolls and expenses to do so. Consequently, the SER constructed a station at {{rws|Charing Cross}} instead.{{sfn|Gray|1990|p=111}}

The GWR began services on 1 April 1863, connecting Victoria to Southall, and later some services to Uxbridge, {{rws|Reading}}, {{rws|Slough}} and Windsor.{{sfn|Jackson|1984|p=274}} From 13 August 1866 the LB&SCR ran services from Victoria to London Bridge along the newly completed South London Line.{{sfn|Jackson|1984|p=278}} The Great Northern Railway began a service from Victoria to Barnet (via {{rws|Ludgate Hill}}) on 1 March 1868, with other cross-London services running via Victoria in the 1870s.{{sfn|Jackson|1984|p=277}}

In 1898 the LB&SCR decided to demolish its station and replace it with an enlarged red-brick Renaissance-style building, designed by Charles Langbridge Morgan.{{sfn|Betjeman|1972|p=98}}{{sfn|Gordon|1910|pp=157–8}} Since widening of the station was prevented by the LC&DR station and Buckingham Palace Road, increased capacity was achieved by lengthening the platforms and building crossovers to allow two trains to use each platform simultaneously.{{Cite book| last= Bonavia | first= Michael R.| year=1987 | title= The history of the Southern Railway | publisher=Unwin Hyman | location = London | isbn= 9780043851074 | page = 17}} Work was completed in 1908, and included the rebuilding of the Grosvenor Hotel at the same time. The site then covered {{convert|16|acres}} with {{convert|2.25|miles}} of platforms.{{sfn|Gordon|1910|p=157}} Overhead electric trains began to run into Victoria on 1 December 1909, to London Bridge. The line to Crystal Palace was electrified on 12 May 1911.{{sfn|Turner|1979|pp=172–5}}

Victoria became well known for its Pullman services during the late 19th century. The LB&SCR introduced the first Pullman first-class service to Brighton on 1 November 1875, followed by the first all-Pullman train in the UK on 1 December 1881.{{sfn|Jackson|1984|p=267}} Another all-Pullman service was introduced in 1908 under the name of the Southern Belle, then described as "... the most luxurious train in the world...".{{sfn|Martin|2014|p=88}} The SECR began Pullman continental services on 21 April 1910 and on domestic services to the Kent coast on 16 June 1919. The Golden Arrow, another all-Pullman train began services in 1924, and remained in service until 30 September 1972.{{sfn|Jackson|1984|pp=267–268}}

File:Victoria Station London, Southern Railway Building (geograph 1201572).jpg

The LC&DR and GWR jointly leased the 'Chatham' portion of the station for 999 years from 28 June 1860, with the GWR responsible for 6.67%.GWR Memorandum for the Board 23 January 1931. National Archives RAIL 1057/2931. The LC&DR completed its main line as far as Canterbury on 3 December 1860 and began to use the LB&SCR station on that day.{{Cite book| last= White |first= H. P. |year=1961 | title= A Regional History of the Railways of Great Britain: 2 Southern England | publisher=Phoenix House | location = London | oclc= 271476914 | page = 40}}

File:Victoria (Eastern Section) Station, with SR 2-6-0 working empty stock geograph-2638200-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg

From 1899 the LC&DR entered a working union with its rival, the South Eastern Railway, to form the South Eastern and Chatham Railway (SECR). As a result, services from its station at Victoria began to be rationalised and integrated with those from the other SECR termini.{{sfn|Gray|1990|p=52}}

The LC&DR station began to be reconstructed in the late 19th century after several properties on Buckingham Palace Road, and the hotel, were bought by the company. Work began in 1899 with the removal of the old roof.{{sfn|Jackson|1984|p=281}} The rebuilt station was partially opened on 10 June 1906, with additional platforms and cab exit on 10 February the following year, along with a new annexe to the hotel. It was formally re-opened on 1 July 1908.{{sfn|Jackson|1984|p=282}} As a consequence of the rebuilding, boat trains become more popular from Victoria compared to Charing Cross and Cannon Street. Services increased to serve Ostend and Calais via Dover and Rotterdam via Gravesend. The LB&SCR part of the station also served Dieppe via Newhaven.{{sfn|Jackson|1984|p=287}}

Victoria has since seen more visits from royalty and heads of state than any other London station. During the funeral of Edward VII, seven kings, over 20 princes and five archdukes were greeted here.{{sfn|Weinreb|Hibbert|Keay|Keay|2008|p=975}}

In the early 20th century, the development and improvement of the London Underground, meant that Victoria could not compete as a cross-London service. GNR trains stopped running on 1 October 1907, with Midland ones following in June the next year. The GWR ceased to use the station for scheduled services on 21 March 1915, partly due to World War I in addition to the new Underground lines. Victoria was used as the main station for drafted soldiers, and those returning from action in the war. By the middle of the war, the station served twelve trains a day running between Victoria and Folkestone, with additional trains serving Dover. The station was regularly served with a voluntary buffet for departing soldiers, who served up to 4,000 men a day.{{sfn|Jackson|1984|p=288}} Victoria itself did not suffer significant damage during the war, but a section of Grosvenor Bridge was destroyed after an anti-aircraft shell struck a gas main underneath it.{{sfn|Jackson|1984|p=239}}

Following the war, memorials were built on both parts of the station. The Southern Railway side marks 626 soldiers killed or missing, while the Chatham side marks 556.{{sfn|Jackson|1984|p=289}} A plaque marks the arrival of the body of The Unknown Warrior at Victoria on 10 November 1920.{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p032rm34|title=Victoria Station, London: Saying Goodbye|date=6 November 2015 |publisher=BBC|access-date=19 August 2017}}

The service to Ostend via Dover was re-introduced on 18 January 1919. Civilian trains to Boulogne via Folkestone restarted on 3 February. Boat train services to Newhaven started on 1 June, and a connection with Paris started on 15 July. On 8 January 1920, Victoria replaced Charing Cross as the main station for continental services, as it had more facilities and closer locomotive and carriage facilities. The service to Paris via Calais and Dover began on the same day.{{sfn|Jackson|1984|p=289}}

=Southern Railway=

File:Victoria (Central) concourse geograph-3004411-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg

The two stations at Victoria came largely under single ownership in 1923 with the formation of the Southern Railway (SR) as part of the Big Four grouping.{{sfn|Jackson|1984|p=290}} The following year steps were taken to integrate the two stations. The platforms were renumbered in a single sequence, openings were made in the wall separating them to allow passengers to pass from one to the other without going into the street, and alterations were made to the tracks to allow for interchangeable working.{{sfn|Dendy Marshall|1988|p=396}} The work was completed in 1925, and all platforms were renumbered in a contiguous sequence.{{sfn|Jackson|1984|p=290}} Electric suburban services to Herne Hill and Orpington first ran on 12 July that year, followed by South London line services on 17 June 1928, and electric services to Crystal Palace and {{rws|Epsom}} (via {{rws|Mitcham Junction}}) on 3 March 1929.{{sfn|Jackson|1984|p=291}} The SR also concentrated continental steamer traffic at Victoria, introducing the Golden Arrow, in 1924,{{sfn|Jackson|1984|p=267}} and the Night Ferry in 1936.{{sfn|Martin|2017|p=182}}

File:Victoria (Central) Station with train from Tunbridge Wells West geograph-2686103-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg

The station had a news cinema (later a cartoon cinema) that showed a continuous programme. The cinema was designed by Alister MacDonald, son of the Prime Minister Ramsay, and was in operation from 1933 until it was demolished in 1981. The GWR remained part-owner of the station until 1932 thereafter retaining running powers, although it does not appear to have used them.{{sfn|Jackson|1984|p=368}}{{cite news | title = Railway Agreement. G.W.R. and Victoria Station | newspaper = The Times | location = London | date = 9 February 1933 | page = 18 |issue=46364}}

Night-train services stopped running from Victoria on 4 September 1939 after World War II was declared, and other services were terminated following the German invasion of France in May 1940. Though the station was bombed several times in 1940 and 1941, there was not enough damage to prevent operations. A plane crashed into the eastern side of the station on 15 September 1940 and a flying bomb caused partial damage on 27 June 1944.{{sfn|Jackson|1984|p=294}}

The greatest change to the station during the 1920s and 1930s was the introduction of third-rail electrification for all suburban and many main-line services, replacing the original LB&SCR overhead scheme by 1929 and largely replacing steam traction, except on Chatham Section main-line and Oxted line trains. Services to {{rws|Orpington}} were electrified in 1925 and to Epsom the following year. By 1932 the Brighton Main Line was electrified, quickly followed by those to other Sussex coastal towns and Portsmouth by 1938.{{sfn|Moody|1968|pp=23–67}} The brand name "Southern Electric" was applied to all these services. The Brighton Belle, the first electric all-Pullman service in the world, ran from Victoria from 29 June 1934 until its withdrawal in 1972.{{sfn|Jackson|1984|p=368}}{{sfn|Martin|2014|p=89}}

=Nationalisation=

File:London victoria 2052605 b6a388dc.jpg leaving Victoria Station, 1953]]

British Railways (BR) took over the station on 1 January 1948. A new set of offices for Continental trains opened on 14 June, while the eastern booking hall was renovated, opening on 5 February 1951.{{sfn|Jackson|1984|p=294}}New Booking Hall at Victoria Railway Gazette 9 February 1951 page 163

During the 1950s and early 1960s British Railways (Southern Region) completed its Kent Coast Electrification schemes, which meant that most of the remaining services from the station were electrified, including boat trains. Some minor services were withdrawn, and the few remaining steam services, to Oxted and beyond, were replaced by diesel-electric multiple units.{{sfn|Jackson|1984|p=296}} Various plans were proposed at this time to redevelop Victoria, including new offices, hotels and a helicopter station.{{sfn|Jackson|1984|p=295}} The last steam service left Victoria on 8 January 1964 to {{rws|East Grinstead}}, after which it was replaced by diesel-electric multiple units.{{sfn|Jackson|1984|p=296}}

The station was redeveloped internally in the 1980s, with the addition of shops within the concourse, and above the western platforms as the "Victoria Place" shopping centre and {{convert|220000|sqft}} of office space. Platforms 16 and 17 opened on the site of the former taxi rank on 21 December 1987.Around the Regions Rail issue 78 March 1988 page 44Victoria platform additions The Railway Magazine issue 1043 March 1988 page 144 A major re-signalling scheme was carried out during the works.{{sfn|Jackson|1984|p=368}} The station was managed by Network SouthEast also under British Rail.{{sfn|Jeffs|2013|p=8}}

File:460007 at London Victoria.jpg service at Victoria in 2003]]

The other major change to the station under BR was the gradual development of services to Gatwick Airport station after its opening on 28 May 1958. A dedicated rail-air terminal opened on top of platform 15 on 1 May 1962, designed by Clive Pascall.{{sfn|Jackson|1984|p=296}}British United Airways' terminal Railway Gazette 1 December 1961 page 638

Several long-standing services from Victoria ended during the BR era. The Brighton Belle's final service was on 30 April 1972, followed by the last Golden Arrow on 30 September. The Night Ferry lasted until 31 October 1980, though the Venice-Simplon Orient Express, a luxury Pullman service, has been running intermittently since 1982.{{sfn|Jackson|1984|p=368}}

In 1984 the non-stop Gatwick Express service was started, aiming for a 30-minute journey time. This was coupled with the provision of an airport lounge and check-in facilities at first-floor level, with dedicated escalators down to the Gatwick Express platforms. British Airways and other major airlines had their own check-in desks there.{{sfn|Jackson|1984|pp=368–369}} British Rail operated an International Travel Centre within the main station, separate from the domestic travel centre. At the time, Victoria was still a major departure point for international travel, with boat trains to Dover and Folkestone for France and Belgium and beyond.{{sfn|Jackson|1984|p=297}} This ceased with the introduction of Eurostar in 1994, which did not serve Victoria, and the International Travel Centre closed.{{sfn|Christopher|2011|p=101}}

Future

Victoria is a proposed stop on Crossrail 2, the route of which has been safeguarded since 1991.{{cite web |title=Proposed Route of the Chelsea – Hackney Line |url=http://www.dft.gov.uk/consultations/closed/consulchelhackney/pdfproposedChelHackroute2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070810182533/http://www.dft.gov.uk/consultations/closed/consulchelhackney/pdfproposedChelHackroute2 |archive-date=10 August 2007 |publisher=Department for Transport}} The project would involve the construction of two new {{convert|250|m|ft|adj=on}} long platforms, and new entrances onto Ebury Street and the main National Rail station. The District and Circle line ticket hall would be expanded and include a direct connection to the new Crossrail station. Crossrail 2 trains would also be able to reverse at Victoria. The service proposes to run 30 additional trains per hour through the station, which is expected to reduce crowding in Victoria by 25%.{{cite web |date=October 2015 |title=Crossrail 2 factsheet: Victoria station |url=https://consultations.tfl.gov.uk/crossrail2/october2015/user_uploads/s9.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404122036/https://consultations.tfl.gov.uk/crossrail2/october2015/user_uploads/s9.pdf |archive-date=4 April 2016 |access-date=20 August 2017 |publisher=Transport for London}}

In January 2020, Victoria BID – the local Business improvement district – proposed removing the bus station from the mainline station forecourt to create a new "Station Square". Bus stops would be relocated to nearby streets.{{Cite web |title=Buses to be banished from Victoria station? |url=https://www.keybuses.com/article/buses-be-banished-victoria-station |access-date=23 July 2021 |website=www.keybuses.com |language=en}}{{Cite web |date=January 2020 |title=People Wanted - Placemaking in Victoria - Public Realm Vision and Strategy |url=http://www.victoriabid.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/People-Wanted-Placemaking-in-Victoria-Landscape-LR-VER03A.pdf |access-date=23 July 2021 |website=Victoria BID |pages=105–116}}

In 2024, Network Rail announced that architects Hawkins\Brown and Acme Space had begun work on a future "major office-led redevelopment" of the station.{{Cite web |last=Lowe |first=Tom |date=9 December 2024 |title=Hawkins Brown and Acme working on major redevelopment of Victoria station |url=https://www.bdonline.co.uk/news/hawkins-brown-and-acme-working-on-major-redevelopment-of-victoria-station/5133227.article |access-date=2025-03-06 |website=Building Design |language=en}}

Services

In 2019/20, Victoria was the second-busiest station in the UK, with an estimated 73.6 million passenger entries/exits.{{cite web|url=https://dataportal.orr.gov.uk/media/1906/station-usage-2019-20-statistical-release.pdf|title=Waterloo - Station Usage 2019-2020|publisher=Office of Rail Regulation|accessdate=10 January 2022}} However, as with other stations, patronage dropped dramatically as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The estimated usage figure fell 81% in 2020/21 to 13.8 million, although Victoria retained its rank in second place, behind {{stnlink|Stratford}}.{{cite web|url=https://dataportal.orr.gov.uk/media/2024/station-usage-2020-21-statistical-release.pdf|title=Waterloo - Station Usage 2020-2021|publisher=office of Rail Regulation|accessdate=10 January 2022}}

Operationally, there are two separate main line termini:

  • The eastern (Chatham) side, comprising platforms 1–8, is the terminus for Southeastern services to Kent on the Chatham Main Line and its branches.{{cite web|url=https://www.southeasternrailway.co.uk/travel-information/more-travel-help/station-information/stations/london-victoria|title=London Victoria|publisher=Southeastern|access-date=2 August 2017}} This is also the London terminus for the Venice-Simplon Orient Express, from Platform 2, the longest platform.{{cite web|url=https://www.luxury-trains.co.uk/orient-express/london-venice-journey.htm|title=The Journey, London to Venice on the Venice Simplon-Orient-Express|publisher=Luxury Trains|access-date=19 August 2017}} It was used for boat trains to Dover and Folkestone until these were made redundant by the introduction of Eurostar trains to the continent in 1994.{{sfn|Jackson|1984|pp=287,289}}
  • The western (Brighton) side, comprising platforms 9–19, is the terminus for Southern{{cite web|url=http://www.southernrailway.com/your-journey/station-information/VIC/|title=London Victoria|publisher=Southern|access-date=2 August 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803005033/http://www.southernrailway.com/your-journey/station-information/VIC/|archive-date=3 August 2017}} and Gatwick Express services to Surrey, Sussex and parts of southern Hampshire including Gatwick Airport and Brighton on the Brighton Main Line and the East Grinstead branch on the Oxted Line.{{cite web|url=http://www.southernrailway.com/your-journey/plan-your-journey/timetables/|title=Timetables|publisher=Southern|access-date=19 August 2017|at=Select an appropriate timetable to verify the route and trains per hour|archive-date=23 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161223040234/http://www.southernrailway.com/your-journey/plan-your-journey/timetables/|url-status=dead}}

Services are operated by Southeastern and Southern, owned by the Department for Transport and Govia{{cite web|url=https://www.govia.info/our-companies/|title=About Us|publisher=Govia|access-date=2 August 2017}} respectively. All services at Victoria use electric multiple unit trains.{{sfn|Jackson|1984|p=291}}

File:cmglee London Victoria station floor lines.jpg

File:London Victoria station.jpg

To help passengers choose the correct service, the floor of the main concourse at Victoria was marked with different coloured lines. Passengers could then follow the line marked with the specific colour for that service to arrive at their intended departure point.{{cite web|url=http://www.travelwayfinding.com/colours/|title=Using Colours in Wayfinding and Navigation|publisher=Wayfinding Specialists|access-date=20 August 2017|date=24 April 2017}}

=Southeastern=

Southeastern services at Victoria use platforms 1–8. The station is served by a mixture of metro and long distance (mainline) services. Metro services are operated using Class 465 and 466 EMUs whilst mainline services are operated using Class 375 and 377 EMUs.

As of December 2024, the typical off-peak service operated by Southeastern in trains per hour (tph) is:{{cite web|url=https://www.southeasternrailway.co.uk/timetables|title=Timetables|publisher=Southeastern|access-date=2 August 2017|location=Select a timetable for specific information}}

=Southern=

Southern services at Victoria use platforms 9-12 and 15-19 as of August 2022. The station is served by a mixture of metro and long-distance (mainline) services. Southern metro and mainline services are both operated by Class 377 EMUs and Gatwick Express is serviced by Class 387 EMUs.

As of May 2025, the typical off-peak service operated by Southern in trains per hour (tph) is:{{cite web|url=https://www.southernrailway.com/service-updates/timetables|title=Southern Timetable May 2025-December 2025|access-date=20 June 2025}}

  • 2 tph to London Bridge via {{stnlnk|Crystal Palace}}
  • 2 tph to {{stnlnk|Epsom Downs}} via Sutton and {{stnlnk|Norbury}}
  • 2 tph to West Croydon via Crystal Palace
  • 2 tph to {{stnlnk|Dorking}} via Epsom and Sutton of which 1 continues to {{stnlnk|Horsham}}
  • 2 tph to {{stnlnk|East Grinstead}} via {{stnlnk|Oxted}}
  • 2 tph to {{stnlnk|Reigate}} via {{stnlnk|Redhill}}
  • 2 tph to {{stnlnk|Bognor Regis}} and {{stnlink|Portsmouth Harbour}}, dividing at Horsham
  • 2 tph to {{stnlnk|Littlehampton}} via {{stnlnk|Worthing}}
  • 2 tph to {{stnlnk|Eastbourne}} via {{stnlnk|Lewes}} of which 1 continues to {{stnlnk|Ore}}

During the suspension of the Gatwick Express, Southern services at Victoria began to use Platforms 13 and 14 as well as operating the Gatwick Express fleet of Class 387 units. Gatwick Express services were reinstated in March 2022.{{cite web |url= https://www.southernrailway.com/travel-information/plan-your-journey/gatwick-station-upgrade |title= Gatwick Airport Station Upgrade |publisher= Southern |date=May 2020}}

=Gatwick Express=

Gatwick Express, formerly a separate franchise but now operated by Southern, runs services from platforms 13 and 14. Ticket barriers were installed on these platforms in 2011.{{cite web |url= http://www.gatwickexpress.com/en/about-us/news/gatwick-express-launches-new-ticket-gates |publisher= Gatwick Express |title=Gatwick Express launches new ticket gates |date= 6 December 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120118061837/http://www.gatwickexpress.com/en/about-us/news/gatwick-express-launches-new-ticket-gates |archive-date=18 January 2012 |df= dmy-all }}

As of September 2022, the typical off-peak service run by Gatwick Express in trains per hour (tph) is:

  • 2 tph to Brighton (calling only at Gatwick Airport and Haywards Heath){{Cite web |title=Loading... |url= https://timetables.southernrailway.com/GX/#/timetables/1557/Table%20R |access-date=30 August 2022 |website=timetables.southernrailway.com}}

In the peak hours, Gatwick Express services call at intermediate stations between Haywards Heath and Brighton such as Preston Park, Hassocks and Burgess Hill.

{{rail start}}

{{s-rail-national|rows1=7|next=Denmark Hill|toc=Southeastern|route={{smalldiv|Greenwich Park Branch Line}}}}

{{rail line|hide1=yes|next={{stnlnk|Bromley South}}
or
{{stnlnk|Denmark Hill}}|route=Southeastern
{{smalldiv|Chatham Main Line}}|col={{SE colour}} }}

{{s-rail-national|hide1=yes|next=Brixton|toc=Southeastern|route={{smalldiv|Bromley South Line}}}}

{{s-rail-national|hide1=yes|next=Battersea Park|toc=Southern|route={{smalldiv|Brighton Main Line
stopping services}}}}

{{s-rail-national|hide1=yes|next=Clapham Junction|toc=Southern|route={{smalldiv|Brighton Main Line
semi-fast services}}}}

{{s-rail-national|hide1=yes|next=Gatwick Airport|toc=Gatwick Express|route={{smalldiv|Gatwick Express}}}}

{{rail line|hide1=yes|next={{stnlnk|Folkestone West}}|route=Belmond
{{smalldiv|London-Paris-Venice
March to November}}|col={{temporary rail colour|000062}} }}

{{end}}

London Underground station

{{main|Victoria tube station}}

File:201909 london victoria underground station.jpg

There are two connected Underground stations at Victoria, on different levels and built more than a century apart. The older one, on the north side of the bus station, serves the Circle and District lines, constructed by 'cut and cover' methods just below road level. The newer station, closer to the main line station, serves the Victoria line, a deep-level tube. Each has its own ticket hall, and the two are connected by a pedestrian passage beneath the bus station.{{cite web|url=https://www.rome2rio.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/victoria.jpg|title=Victoria : Axonometric Station Layout|publisher=Transport for London|access-date=6 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415214037/https://www.rome2rio.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/victoria.jpg |archive-date=15 April 2023}}

Victoria is currently the {{tubeexits list rank|London Victoria station}} station on the London Underground with {{Tubeexits list|London Victoria station}} million passengers using the station in {{Tubeexits list|year}}.{{cite news |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/transport/tube-bosses-tell-commuters-dont-travel-through-victoria-at-rushhour-its-too-busy-a3197996.html |title=Tube bosses tell commuters: don't travel through Victoria at rush-hour, it's too busy |date=8 March 2016 |newspaper=London Evening Standard |access-date=6 August 2017}}{{Cite web |url=https://tfl.gov.uk/travel-information/improvements-and-projects/victoria |title=Improvements & projects > Victoria |publisher=Transport for London|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418131605/https://tfl.gov.uk/travel-information/improvements-and-projects/victoria|archive-date=18 April 2019|access-date=26 January 2020}}{{cite news |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/transport/victoria-tube-upgrade-new-entrance-and-bigger-ticket-hall-as-officials-aim-to-double-its-size-a3750781.html |title=New Tube entrance and ticket hall unveiled at Victoria station |date=27 January 2018 |newspaper=London Evening Standard}}

{{s-rail-start}}

{{s-rail|title=LUL}}

{{rail line|previous={{lus|Sloane Square}}
{{smalldiv|towards {{lus|Edgware Road}}}}|next={{lus|St James's Park}}
{{smalldiv|towards Hammersmith via {{lus|Tower Hill}}}}|route=Circle line|col={{rcr|LUL|Circle}} }}

{{rail line|previous={{lus|Sloane Square}}
{{smalldiv|towards {{stn|Wimbledon}}, {{stn|Richmond||London}} or {{stn|Ealing Broadway}}}}|next={{lus|St James's Park}}
{{smalldiv|towards {{stn|Upminster}}}}|route=District line|col={{rcr|LUL|District}} }}

{{rail line|previous={{lus|Pimlico}}
{{smalldiv|towards {{lus|Brixton}}}}|next={{lus|Green Park}}
{{smalldiv|towards {{stn|Walthamstow Central}}}}|route=Victoria line|col={{rcr|LUL|Victoria}} }}

{{end}}

Accidents and incidents

{{see also|Murder of Deborah Linsley}}

On 26 February 1884, an explosion occurred in the cloakroom of the Brighton side injuring seven staff, as part of the Fenian dynamite campaign.{{cite news |work=The Times |location =London |date=27 February 1884 |title=Dynamite outrage at Victoria Station |page=10}}

On 27 August 1910, an empty LB&SCR stock train derailed due to inadequate signalling arrangements, leading to four injuries.{{sfn|Jackson|1984|pp=301–302}}

On 26 July 1939, as part of the IRA's S-Plan, bombs exploded in the luggage office at King's Cross and then in the cloakroom at Victoria. Five were wounded at Victoria; at King's Cross, one man was killed and 17 people severely wounded.{{cite news |url= https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/17597931 |title=Crushing I.R.A.: Quick Passage For Bill |newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=28 July 1939 |page=12 }}{{cite news |first=John |last=Graham |url= https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/110746479 |title=Then and now: the IRA's 1939 campaign in England |newspaper= Financial Times |via=The Canberra Times p. 2 |date=7 September 1973 }}

In the early 1940s, a German Nazi plane crashed into the station courtyard but there were no deaths. The plane was later displayed at the Imperial war museum.{{cite web |url= https://britishheritage.com/history/buckingham-palace-bombing-wwii.amp |title=The day Buckingham Palace was bombed during WWII |website= British Heritage}}{{cite news |url= https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2005-jul-01-me-holmes1-story.html#:~:text=15%2C%201940%2C%20and%2C%20finding,plunged%20into%20the%20station%27s%20courtyard |title=Ray Holmes, 90; Pilot Rammed Nazi Plane to Save British Palace |website=Los Angeles Times |date=1 July 2005 |agency= Associated Press }}

On 17 July 1946, a light engine collided with a passenger train; several people were injured.{{sfn|Earnshaw|1989|p=30}}

On 15 December 1959, a passenger train collided with a rake of parcels vans. At least eleven people were injured.{{sfn|Earnshaw|1993|p=33}}

On 8 September 1973, a Provisional Irish Republican Army bomb exploded at the ticket office, injuring four people.{{cite news |url= http://find.galegroup.com/iln/infomark.do?&source=gale&prodId=ILN&userGroupName=kccl&tabID=T003&docPage=article&docId=HN3100416456&type=multipage&contentSet=LTO&version=1.0 |title=Bomb Attacks |newspaper=Illustrated London News |date=27 October 1973 |pages=20–21 |access-date=1 March 2018}}{{cite web |url= https://www.memorialatpeninsula.org/?p=13737 |title=Provisional IRA actions Part One (1969–1975) |publisher=Memorial at Peninsula (Royal Green Jackets) |access-date=25 September 2015}}

File:Platform 2 at London Victoria station, 2022.jpg was found murdered on an Orpington-Victoria train arriving at this platform on 23 March 1988. The unidentified killer disembarked here and disappeared into the crowd. The high-profile murder remains unsolved as of 2022, despite the killer's DNA being known since 2002 and a £10,000 reward still being on offer.]]

On the afternoon of 23 March 1988, Deborah Linsley was found brutally stabbed to death on a train arriving at platform 2 at Victoria. She had boarded the Orpington-Victoria service at Petts Wood. A French au pair heard screaming from the compartment next to her on the final leg of the journey between Brixton and Victoria. Several people, including the au pair, reported seeing a suspicious blond or ginger-haired man walking from the train and washing cuts on his face in the toilet of the station, while there were also sightings of a man seen staring at women boarding the train at Orpington and changing compartments at Penge East, possibly into Linsley's compartment. Despite the killer's DNA being known since 2002, the murder remains unsolved as of August 2022. There remains a £10,000 reward on offer for information leading to the capture of the killer.{{cite news |work=BBC News |title= Debbie Linsley murder: Reward offer over 1988 train death |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-21875096 |access-date=28 August 2022 |date=21 March 2013 |archive-url= https://archive.today/20130419211123/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-21875096 |archive-date=19 April 2013 |url-status=live}}{{cite AV media |date=14 April 1988 |title=Crimewatch UK |type=Television programme |publisher=BBC One }}

On 18 February 1991, an IRA bomb exploded in a litter bin, killing David Corner,{{cite book |url= http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/sutton/chron/1991.html|title=An Index of Deaths from the Conflict in Ireland 1969–1993 |year=1994 |first=Malcolm |last=Sutton |publisher=Beyond the Pale Publications |isbn=0-9514229-4-4 |access-date=12 January 2007}} and injuring 38. A general bomb warning for all main-line stations had been received by telephone at 0700, but the Metropolitan Police Anti-Terrorist Branch chose not to close the stations.{{sfn|Bell|1994|p=786}}

In 2009 a woman was found by a Police Community Support Officer (PCSO) acting suspiciously. When approached she produced a gun and pointed it at a passing young child. Unarmed PCSO George McNaught of the Metropolitan Police wrestled the gun out of the woman's hands before overpowering and detaining her. The woman was arrested and PCSO McNaught was awarded the commendation of the High Sheriff of Greater London for his brave actions. He is the first PCSO to receive the award.{{cite press release |url= http://www.pcs.org.uk/en/news_and_events/pcs_comment/index.cfm/id/B1952070-F4DF-430D-8C68856CC02DFF5A |title=PCS Hero wins bravery award |publisher=Public and Commercial Services Union |location= London |date=30 March 2009 |access-date=26 March 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130523050442/http://www.pcs.org.uk/en/news_and_events/pcs_comment/index.cfm/id/B1952070-F4DF-430D-8C68856CC02DFF5A |archive-date=23 May 2013}}

In March 2010, a youth was stabbed to death in Victoria Underground station, in front of numerous witnesses. Eight people were convicted of the killing in 2013. Three defendants were found guilty of murder and five were convicted of manslaughter.{{cite news |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-15310015 |title=Gang murdered boy during rush hour at Victoria station |date=24 April 2013 |work=BBC News |access-date=18 July 2018}}

The former British ambassador to the US, Sir Christopher Meyer, said he was attacked on a Tube platform at the station in July 2018. Two teenagers were arrested and then bailed by police.{{cite news |url= https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/jul/12/former-uk-ambassador-us-christopher-meyer-attacked-london |title=Ex-UK ambassador to US Christopher Meyer attacked in London |date=12 July 2018 |work=The Guardian |location=London}} However, a witness subsequently claimed that Meyer was injured after accidentally falling over.{{cite news |url= https://www.thetimes.com/uk/article/teenagers-did-not-attack-former-diplomat-sir-christopher-meyer-he-fell-says-witness-q7fvlbwfw |title=Teenagers did not attack former diplomat Sir Christopher Meyer – he fell, says witness |date=17 July 2018 |work=The Times |location=London}}

On 8 May 2019, Class 377 electric multiple unit 377 142 collided with the buffer stops.{{cite news |url= https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/victoria-station-crash-southern-rail-train-crashes-into-buffers-causing-loud-bang-and-smoke-in-front-a4137476.html |title= Victoria station crash: Southern Rail train 'hits buffers causing loud bang and smoke' in front of shocked commuters |first=Katy |last=Clifton |work=London Evening Standard |access-date=8 May 2019|date= 8 May 2019 }}

On 22 March 2020, during the global COVID-19 pandemic, a ticket office worker, Belly Mujinga along with another female staff member, were repeatedly coughed and spat on by a male member of the public, who claimed to have COVID-19. A few days later, both Mujinga and the fellow worker fell ill with the virus. Mujinga had underlying respiratory issues and was eventually admitted to Barnet General Hospital and put on a ventilator. She died on 5 April 2020, aged 47. The police interviewed a 57-year-old man, who tested negative for the virus. No further action was taken as it was discovered that the incident was not a cause of Mujinga's death, as well as senior detectives concluding that "there is no evidence to substantiate any criminal offences having taken place".{{cite news |title=Police close case of rail worker's Covid-19 death after spitting incident |url= https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2020/may/29/police-close-case-of-rail-workers-covid-19-death-after-spitting-incident |access-date=5 June 2020 |work=The Guardian |location= London |date=29 May 2020}}{{cite news |title=Coronavirus: Victoria ticket worker dies after being spat at |url= https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-52616071 |access-date=5 June 2020 |work=BBC News |date=12 May 2020}}

Cultural references

Victoria station is mentioned in Oscar Wilde's The Importance of Being Earnest as the location where Jack Worthing was found by Thomas Cardew. In describing this to Lady Bracknell, Jack clarifies he was named because Cardew had a ticket to {{rws|Worthing}}, and clarifies this as "the Brighton line" (that is, the LB&SCR station, as opposed to the LC&DR one).{{cite book |first=Oscar |last=Wilde |author-link=Oscar Wilde |year=1899|title=The Importance of Being Earnest |publisher=L. Smithers |page=37}}

The station is mentioned in the Sherlock Holmes short story "The Final Problem", when Dr Watson catches a Continental Express train from Victoria to avoid Moriarty and his henchmen.{{cite book |first=Thomas Bruce |last=Wheeler |year=2011 |title=The London of Sherlock Holmes |publisher=Andrews UK Limited |page=392 |isbn=978-1-780-92211-9}}

The Harold Pinter short play Victoria Station has the station as the intended destination that the driver never reaches.{{cite book |last=Pinter |first=Harold |year=1984 |author-link=Harold Pinter |title=Other Places: Four Plays |publisher=Dramatists Play Service |isbn=0-8222-0866-0}}

See also

References

Notes

{{Notelist}}

Citations

{{Reflist}}

Sources

{{Refbegin|30em}}

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{{Refend}}