Longyan dialect

{{Short description|Dialect of Hokkien}}

{{Infobox language

| name = Longyan

| nativename = 龙岩话 / 龍巖話
Lóngyánhuà / Liong¹¹l{{IPA|ã}}¹¹{{IPA|guɛ}}³³⁴

| states = China

| region = Fujian Province

| speakers = much less than the 840,000 residents of Xinluo District

| ref = {{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210919021444/https://raw.githubusercontent.com/KIRINPUTRA/reclassifying-ISO-639-3-nan/main/Reclassifying_ISO_639-3_%5Bnan%5D__An_Empirical_Approach_to_Mutual_Intelligibility_and_Ethnolinguistic_Distinctions.pdf |archive-date=2021-09-19 |url=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/KIRINPUTRA/reclassifying-ISO-639-3-nan/main/Reclassifying_ISO_639-3_%5Bnan%5D__An_Empirical_Approach_to_Mutual_Intelligibility_and_Ethnolinguistic_Distinctions.pdf |title=Reclassifying ISO 639-3 [nan]: An Empirical Approach to Mutual Intelligibility and Ethnolinguistic Distinctions}}

| date = 2021

| familycolor = Sino-Tibetan

| fam2 = Sinitic

| fam3 = Chinese

| fam4 = Min

| fam5 = Coastal Min

| fam6 = Southern Min

| fam7 = Hokkien

| ancestor = Proto-Sino-Tibetan

| ancestor2 = Old Chinese{{efn|name=minClassification|Min is believed to have split from Old Chinese, rather than Middle Chinese like other varieties of Chinese.{{citation |last=Mei |first=Tsu-lin |author1-link=Mei Tsu-lin |title=Tones and prosody in Middle Chinese and the origin of the rising tone |journal=Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies |volume=30 |year=1970 |pages=86–110 |doi=10.2307/2718766 |jstor=2718766}}{{citation |last=Pulleyblank |first=Edwin G. |author-link=Edwin G. Pulleyblank |title=Middle Chinese: A study in Historical Phonology |year=1984 |page=3 |location=Vancouver |publisher=University of British Columbia Press |isbn=978-0-7748-0192-8}}{{Cite journal |url=https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/minn1248 |title=Glottolog 4.8 - Min |date=2023-07-10 |access-date=2023-10-13 |website=Glottolog |last1=Hammarström |first1=Harald |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231013171747/https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/minn1248 |archive-date=2023-10-13 |url-status=live |publisher=Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology |author-link=Harald Hammarström |last2=Forkel |first2=Robert |publication-place=Leipzig |doi=10.5281/zenodo.7398962 |last3=Haspelmath |first3=Martin |author-link3=Martin Haspelmath |last4=Bank |first4=Sebastian |doi-access=free}}}}

| ancestor3 = Proto-Min

| iso3 = none

| glotto = zhan1240

| glottoname = Zhangping-Longyan

| lingua = 79-AAA-jei /-jej

| map = Hokkien Map.svg

| mapcaption = Distribution of Min Nan dialects. Longyan Min is in yellow.

}}

The Longyan dialect ({{zh|s=龙岩话|t=龍巖話|p=Lóngyánhuà}}), also known as Longyan Minnan ({{zh|s=龙岩闽南语|t=龍巖閩南語|p=Lóngyán Mǐnnányǔ}}) or Liong¹¹l{{IPA|ã}}¹¹{{IPA|guɛ}}³³⁴, is a dialect of Hokkien spoken in the urban city area of Eastern Longyan in the province of Fujian, China, while Hakka is spoken in rural villages of Western Longyan. The Longyan Min people had settled in the region from southern Fujian Province as early as the Tang dynasty (618–907). Due to its close proximity to rural Hakka villages, Longyan Min has some influence from Hakka albeit to a limited extent. The Longyan dialect has a limited degree of intelligibility with other Southern Min dialects. Today, Longyan Minnan is predominantly spoken in Longyan's urban district Xinluo District while Zhangzhou Minnan is spoken in Zhangping City excluding Chishui and Shuangyang towns where Longyan Minnan is spoken. Hakka on the other hand is spoken in the non-urban rest of the rural areas of Longyan prefecture: Changting County, Liancheng County, Shanghang County, Wuping County, and Yongding District.{{cite book

| first1 = Stephen Adolphe | last1 = Wurm | first2 = Rong | last2 = Li

| first3 = Theo | last3 = Baumann | first4 = Mei W. | last4 = Lee

| title = Language Atlas of China

| publisher=Longman | year=1987 | isbn=978-962-359-085-3

}}

Branner suggests that the Xinluo and Zhangping dialects should be grouped with the Datian dialect as a coastal Min group separate from both Southern Min and Eastern Min.{{cite book

| last = Branner | first = David Prager

| chapter = The Classification of Longyan | pages = 36–83

| chapter-url = https://brannerchinese.com/publications/Branner_Longyan_Classification.pdf

| title = Issues in Chinese Dialect Description and Classification

| editor-first = Richard VanNess | editor-last = Simmons

| series = Journal of Chinese Linguistics monograph series | volume = 15 | year = 1999

}} p. 78.

However, he argues that the dialect of Wan'an township, in the northern part of Xinluo district, is a coastal Min variety separate from all of these.{{cite book

|last = Branner

|first = David Prager

|title = Problems in Comparative Chinese Dialectology — the Classification of Miin and Hakka

|series = Trends in Linguistics series

|volume = 123

|publisher = Mouton de Gruyter

|location = Berlin

|year = 2000

|isbn = 978-3-11-015831-1

|url = https://brannerchinese.com/publications/Branner_Classification_book_1_TextOnly.pdf

}}