Louis de Freycinet

He was born at Montélimar, Drôme. Louis-Claude de Saulces de Freycinet was his full name (many calling him Louis de Freycinet). His mother was Élisabeth-Antoinette-Catherine Armand.{{gallica|id=bpt6k36608f/f165.item|t=Annuaire de la noblesse de France et des maisons souveraines de l'Europe}} (Directory of the nobility of France and the sovereign houses of Europe), André Borel d'Hauterive He had three brothers, Louis-Henri de Saulces de Freycinet, André-Charles de Saulces de Freycinet and the youngest, Frédéric-Casimir de Saulces de Freycinet (father of Charles de Freycinet). Louis-Claude was the second oldest.

In 1793 he joined the French Navy as a midshipman, and took in several engagements against the British. In 1800, Freycinet was appointed to an exploration expedition to Southern and South-Western coasts of Australia under Nicolas Baudin, on Naturaliste and Géographe. Freycinet's brother, Louis-Henri de Freycinet, was also part of the expedition.

Between September 1802 and August 1803, Freycinet captained the schooner Casuarina, surveying the Australian coastline. He then transferred to Naturaliste, and returned to France in 1804.{{sfnp|Taillemite|2002|p=196}} Matthew Flinders was being held captive by the French on Mauritius, thus many of his discoveries were revisited and unintendedly claimed by François Péron, and new names were given by this expedition. In 1824, it was remedied in the second edition of Voyage découvertes aux terres australes.{{cite book|last=Fornasiero|first=F. J.|title=Encountering Terra Australis: the Australian voyages of Nicolas Baudin and Matthew Flinders|year=2004|publisher=Wakefield Press|isbn=978-1-86254-625-7|pages=296ff|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hmVKQQ6zSaUC&pg=PA298|author2=Peter Monteath |author3=John West-Sooby |accessdate=12 January 2011}} In the end, Baudin and Freycinet managed to have their map of the Australian coastline published in 1811, three years before Flinders published his.{{cite web|title=The French Connection|url=http://www.ilab.org/eng/documentation/239-the_french_connection.html|publisher=International League of Antiquarian Booksellers|accessdate=12 January 2011}} An inlet on the coast of Western Australia is called Freycinet Estuary. Cape Freycinet between Cape Leeuwin and Cape Naturaliste and the Freycinet Peninsula with Freycinet National Park in Tasmania also bear the explorer's name.{{cn|date=April 2024}}

File:Voyage of Freycinet-P5260010.JPG

In 1805, he returned to Paris, and was entrusted by the government with the work of preparing the maps and plans of the expedition. He also completed the narrative, and the whole work appeared under the title of Voyage de découvertes aux terres australes (Paris, 1807–1816).

The plant genus Freycinetia (Pandanaceae) was named in his honor,{{Cite web|url=http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=291553&isprofile=1&bt=1&chr=35|title=Freycinetia cumingiana - Plant Finder|website=www.missouribotanicalgarden.org|access-date=2020-02-26}} as was the Hawaiian native tree/shrub Santalum freycinetianum.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KU8JVX00exgC&q=santalum+freycinetianum+louis&pg=PA114|title=Agriculture Handbook|date=1989|publisher=U.S. Department of Agriculture|language=en}}

Image:Baptism 1819 by Jacques Arago.jpg

In 1817, he was given command of the French corvette Uranie (1811), especially reconfigured to a new exploration voyage. Uranie carried several members of the Navy scientific staff, notably marine hydrologist Louis Isidore Duperrey, artist Jacques Arago, and his junior draughtsman Adrien Taunay the Younger.{{cn|date=April 2024}}

Uranie sailed to Rio de Janeiro by December 1817, taking a series of pendulum measurements gather information in the fields of geography, ethnology, astronomy, terrestrial magnetism, meteorology, and for collecting specimens in natural history. Freycinet also managed to sneak his wife Rose de Freycinet aboard.{{cite news|last=Sayers|first=Stuart|title=A French Wife's Voyage Around the World in Defiance of Orders|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=g8VVAAAAIBAJ&pg=3534,3760284&dq=louis-de-freycinet&hl=en|accessdate=12 January 2011|newspaper=The Age|date=28 April 1962}}{{sfnp|Taillemite|2002|p=196}}

For three years, Freycinet cruised about the Pacific, visiting Australia twice (1818 and 1819), New Guinea (1818-1819), the Mariana Islands (early 1819), Hawaiian Islands (August 1819) other Pacific islands, South America, and other places. Notwithstanding the loss of Uranie on the Falkland Islands during the return voyage, Freycinet returned to France with fine collections in all departments of natural history, and with voluminous notes and drawings of the countries visited.{{Cite book |last=Arago |first=Jacques |url=https://archive.org/details/narrativeavoyag00araggoog/page/n18/mode/2up?q=1817 |title=Narrative of a voyage round the world, in the Uranie and Physicienne corvettes, commanded by Captain Freycinet, during the years 1817, 1818, 1819, and 1820 : on a scientific expedition undertaken by order of the French government : in a series of letters to a friend |date=1823 |publisher=London : Treuttel and Wurtz : Treuttel, Jun. and Richter |others=Oxford University |pages=ii–iv}}

The results of this voyage were published under Freycinet's supervision, with the title of Voyage autour du monde fait par ordre du Roi sur les corvettes de S. M. l'Uranie et la Physicienne, pendant les années 1817, 1818, 1819 et 1820, in 13 quarto volumes and 4 folio volumes of plates and maps.

Freycinet was admitted into the French Academy of Sciences in 1825, and was one of the founders of the Paris Geographical Society. He died at the family's château de Freycinet[http://www.memoire-drome.com/recherche-detail.html?id=71047 Château de Freycinet]. near Saulce-sur-Rhône, Drôme.

• [https://archive.org/stream/darwin-online_1822-44_Freycinet_A776.01/1822-44_Freycinet_A776.01#page/n1 Vol. 1 Part 1: Book I France to Brazil. pub.1827.]
• [https://archive.org/stream/darwin-online_1822-44_Freycinet_A776.02/1822-44_Freycinet_A776.02#page/n1 Vol. 1 Part 2: Book II Brazil to Timor. pub.1828.]
• [https://archive.org/details/darwin-online_1822-44_Freycinet_A776.03 Vol. 2 Part 1: Book III Timor to the Marianas. pub.1829.]
• [https://archive.org/stream/darwin-online_1822-44_Freycinet_A776.04/1822-44_Freycinet_A776.04#page/n0 Vol. 2 Part 2: Book IV Guam to Hawaii; Book V Hawaii to Port Jackson 1819. pub.1829.]
• [https://archive.org/stream/darwin-online_1822-44_Freycinet_A776.05/1822-44_Freycinet_A776.05#page/n1 Vol. 2 Part 3: Book V Hawaii to Port Jackson; Book VI Port Jackson to France 1820. pub.1839.]
• [https://archive.org/details/darwin-online_1822-44_Freycinet_A776.08 Zoology. pub.1824.]
• [https://archive.org/details/VoyageAutourduM00Loui Zoology Plates. pub.1824.]
• [https://archive.org/details/darwin-online_1822-44_Freycinet_A776.11 Botany. pub.1826.]
• [https://archive.org/stream/mobot31753002711767#page/n3 Botany Plates. pub.1826.]
• [https://archive.org/details/darwin-online_1822-44_Freycinet_A776.16 Navigation and Hydrography, Part 1. pub.1826.]
• [https://archive.org/stream/darwin-online_1822-44_Freycinet_A776.17/1822-44_Freycinet_A776.17#page/n1 Navigation and Hydrography, Part 2. pub.1826.]
• [https://archive.org/details/darwin-online_1822-44_Freycinet_A776.13 Pendulum Observations. pub.1826.]
• [https://archive.org/stream/darwin-online_1822-44_Freycinet_A776.14/1822-44_Freycinet_A776.14#page/n1 Terrestrial Magnetism. pub.1842.]
• [https://archive.org/details/darwin-online_1822-44_Freycinet_A776.15 Meteorology. pub.1844.]

• European and American voyages of scientific exploration
• Freycinet Map of 1811

• The Indonesian speckled carpetshark, Hemiscyllium freycineti is named after him.{{cite web | url = http://www.etyfish.org/orectolobiformes/ | title = Order ORECTOLOBIFORMES (Carpet Sharks) | access-date= 7 March 2022 | author1 = Christopher Scharpf | author2 = Kenneth J. Lazara | name-list-style = amp | work = The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database | publisher = Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara | date = 22 September 2018}}
• The flowering plant, Freycinetia (Pandanaceae)
• Periophthalmodon freycineti, the pug-headed mudskipper, is a species of mudskipper from the subfamily Oxudercinae of the gobiiform family Oxudercidae. It distribution extends from the Philippines through eastern Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and northern Queensland.{{cite web | url = http://www.etyfish.org/gobiiformes3/ | title = Order GOBIIFORMES: Family OXUDERCIDAE (p-z) | accessdate= 13 August 2018 | author1 = Christopher Scharpf | author2 = Kenneth J. Lazara | work = The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database | publisher = Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara | date = 24 July 2018}}

Notes

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References

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Bibliography

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• Edward Duyker François Péron: An Impetuous Life: Naturalist and Voyager, Miegunyah/MUP, Melb., 2006, {{ISBN|978-0-522-85260-8}},
• Fornasiero, Jean; Monteath, Peter and West-Sooby, John. Encountering Terra Australis: the Australian voyages of Nicholas Baudin and Matthew Flinders, Kent Town, South Australia, Wakefield Press, 2004. {{ISBN|1-86254-625-8}}
• Frank Horner, The French Reconnaissance: Baudin in Australia 1801–1803, Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, 1987 {{ISBN|0-522-84339-5}}.
• Marchant, Leslie R. French Napoleonic Placenames of the South West Coast, Greenwood, WA. R.I.C. Publications, 2004. {{ISBN|1-74126-094-9}}
• Hordern House, Captain Louis de Freycinet and his Voyages to the Terres Australes, Hordern House, Sydney, 2011 {{ISBN|978-1-875567-62-1}}
• Rose de Freycinet (patronymic Pinon) and Federico Motta, curator, [http://www.frangente.com/libri/4976-art-Rose_de_Freycinet_Una_viaggiatrice_clandestina_a_bordo_dellUranie_negli_anni_1817-20.htmell%27Uranie+negli+anni+1817-20 Rose de Freycinet. Una viaggiatrice clandestina a bordo dell'Uranie negli anni 1817-20], Verona, Giugno 2017. Translation of Rose original Journal, fully annotated with new documents and with a comprehensive revision of Louis de Freycinet travel, {{ISBN|9788898023806}}
• {{cite book|first=Étienne|last=Taillemite|authorlink=Étienne Taillemite|year=2002|title=Dictionnaire des Marins français |publisher=Tallandier |isbn=2-84734-008-4| oclc=606770323}}
• Rare Freycinet map. Ile Decrès, or Kangaroo Island, 1803, held by the Royal Geographical Society of South Australia [http://rgssamachupicchu.blogspot.com.au/2017/10/2017-exhibition-catalogue-mapping-south.html]

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Category:1779 births

Category:1841 deaths

Category:People from Montélimar

Category:19th-century French explorers

Category:French explorers of the Pacific

Category:Explorers of Western Australia

Category:Members of the French Academy of Sciences

Category:French military personnel of the Napoleonic Wars

Category:French military personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars