Lower Chehalis language
{{Short description|Salishan language of North America}}
{{Infobox language
| name = Lower Chehalis
| nativename = {{lang|cea|Łəw̓ál̕məš}}
{{lang|cea|ɬəw̓ál̓məš}}
| states = United States
| region = south of Olympic Peninsula, Washington
| ethnicity = Chehalis people
| extinct = 1990s
| ref = e25
| familycolor = salishan
| fam1 = Salishan
| fam2 = Coast
| fam3 = Tsamosan
| fam4 = Maritime
| iso3 = cea
| glotto = lowe1427
| glottorefname = Lower Chehalis
| map = Lang Status 01-EX.svg
| mapcaption = {{center|{{small|Lower Chehalis is classified as Extinct by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger}}}}{{cite report |title=Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger |publisher=UNESCO |edition=3rd |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000187026 |date=2010 |page=11}}
}}
Lower Chehalis ({{lang|cea|Łəw̓ál̕məš}}) is a member of the Tsamosan (or Olympic Peninsula) branch of the Coast Salish family of Salishan languages. In some classifications, Lower Chehalis is placed closer to Quinault than it is to Upper Chehalis. It went extinct in the 1990s.
Phonology
class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+Consonants ! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | ! rowspan="2" | Bilabial ! colspan="3" | Alveolar ! rowspan="2" | Palatal ! colspan="2" | Velar ! colspan="2" | Uvular ! rowspan="2" | Glottal |
central || sibilant || lateral
! plain || lab. ! plain || lab. |
---|
rowspan="2" | Plosive/ Affricate ! plain | {{IPA link|p}} | {{IPA link|t}} | {{IPA link|ts}} | | {{IPA link|tʃ}} | {{IPA link|k}} | {{IPA link|kʷ}} | {{IPA link|q}} | {{IPA link|qʷ}} | rowspan="2" | {{IPA link|ʔ}} |
ejective
| {{IPA link|pʼ}} | {{IPA link|tʼ}} | {{IPA link|tsʼ}} | {{IPA link|tɬʼ}} | {{IPA link|tʃʼ}} | {{IPA link|kʼ}} | {{IPA link|kʷʼ}} | {{IPA link|qʼ}} | {{IPA link|qʷʼ}} |
colspan="2" | Fricative
| | | {{IPA link|s}} | {{IPA link|ɬ}} | {{IPA link|ʃ}} | | {{IPA link|xʷ}} | {{IPA link|χ}} | {{IPA link|χʷ}} | {{IPA link|h}} |
rowspan="2" | Sonorant
! plain | {{IPA link|m}} | {{IPA link|n}} | | {{IPA link|l}} | {{IPA link|j}} | | {{IPA link|w}} | | | |
glottalized
| {{IPA link|ˀm}} | {{IPA link|ˀn}} | | {{IPA link|ˀl}} | {{IPA link|ˀj}} | | {{IPA link|ˀw}} | | | |
Vowels are represented as {{IPA|/i ə u a/}} and {{IPA|/iː uː aː/}}.{{Cite thesis|last=Snow|first=Charles T.|title=A Lower Chehalis Phonology|date=June 1969 |degree=Master of Arts |publisher=University of Kansas |url=https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/handle/1808/26715 |access-date=2022-05-29 |hdl=1808/26715 |hdl-access=free}} Allophones are also noted.
class="wikitable"
!Sound !Allophone |
{{IPA|/i/}}
|{{IPA|[i]}}, {{IPA|[e]}}, {{IPA|[ɛ]}} |
{{IPA|/a/}}
|{{IPA|[aˤ]}}, {{IPA|[a]}}, {{IPA|[ɐ]}} |
{{IPA|/ə/}}
|{{IPA|[ɨ]}}, {{IPA|[ə]}}, {{IPA|[ʌ]}}, {{IPA|[ɪ]}}, {{IPA|[ʊ]}} |
{{IPA|/u/}}
|{{IPA|[u]}}, {{IPA|[o]}}, {{IPA|[ɔ]}} |
References
{{reflist}}
{{Salishan languages}}
{{Indigenous peoples in Washington}}
Category:Coast Salish languages
{{indigenousAmerican-lang-stub}}