Lower Rio Negro Mosaic
{{Infobox protected area
| name = Lower Rio Negro Mosaic
| alt_name = Mosaico do Baixo Rio Negro
| iucn_category = V
| photo = Chegando em Anavilhanas.jpg
| photo_alt =
| photo_caption = Anavilhanas National Park
| map = Brazil
| map_alt =
| relief = yes
| location =
| nearest_city = Manaus
| coordinates = {{coord|2.509|S|60.957|W|region:BR|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| area = {{convert|7412849|ha}}
| designation = Protected area mosaic
| created = 14 December 2010
| administrator =
| world_heritage_site =
}}
The Lower Rio Negro Mosaic ({{langx|pt|Mosaico do Baixo Rio Negro}} is a protected area mosaic in the state of Amazonas, Brazil. It coordinates between eleven conservation units of different types in the Amazon rainforest to the northwest of the state capital, Manaus.
Location
The Lower Rio Negro Mosaic was established to cover 11 protected area in six Amazonas municipalities: Manaus, Novo Airão, Iranduba, Manacapuru, Barcelos and Presidente Figueiredo, with a total area of {{convert|7412849|ha}}.{{sfn|Thiago Mota Cardoso|2010}}
It contains conservation units in the Amazon biome in the state of Amazonas.{{sfn|Mosaico do Baixo Rio Negro – ICMBio}}
The mosaic is part of the Central Amazon Biosphere Reserve and Ecological Corridor.
It covers an area of high biodiversity and high socio-cultural diversity.
It includes igapó, terra firma forest, campina, campinaranas, and caatinga-igapós.{{sfn|Thiago Mota Cardoso|2010}}
Background
The people of the mosaic include traditional riparian communities, indigenous people, artisan fishers, small farmers and gatherers, as well as people involved in tourism, extraction, business and government. Traditional occupations include slash-and-burn agriculture, plant and animal extraction, logging, hunting, crafts and tourism.
The local residents have the knowledge needed for sustainable development such as ecotourism, non-timber extraction, agriculture, fishing and other practices.{{sfn|Thiago Mota Cardoso|2010}}
Creation of the Manaus Free Trade Zone in the 1960s generated intensive population movement into the region and economic growth, and also created social, economic and environmental problems that persist today.
Creation of conservation units in the 1980s and 1990s without public consultation caused further conflicts.
Many of the traditional residents began to organize and claim rights to access natural resources and territory.{{sfn|Thiago Mota Cardoso|2010}}
Creation and objectives
The proposal to create the mosaic was prepared by IPÊ - Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas (Institute of Ecological Research) and submitted in January 2005 to the Fundo Nacional do Meio Ambiente – FNMA (National Environment Fund).
Various government agencies, non-governmental organizations and civil society groups participated in developing the plan.
The Waimiri Atroari Indigenous Territory also participated in the process of creating the mosaic, with the possibility of becoming one of its components.{{sfn|Thiago Mota Cardoso|2010}}
The Lower Rio Negro Mosaic was recognized by ordnance 483 of the Brazilian Ministry of the Environment on 14 December 2010.{{sfn|Mosaico do Baixo Rio Negro – ICMBio}}
The National System of Conservation Units (SNUC) law defines a mosaic as a collection of protected areas of the same or different categories that are near to each other, adjoin each other or overlap, and that should be managed as a whole.
Given the different categories of conservation unit and other protected areas in a mosaic, including fully protected and sustainable use units, the different conservation goals must be considered.{{sfn|Mosaicos de áreas protegidas – ISA}}
Conservation units
File:Rio Negro south conservation units.svg
The Lower Rio Negro Mosaic contains the following conservation units:{{sfn|Unidades de Conservação - Mosaico do Baixo Rio Negro – ICMBio}}
| class="wikitable sortable" | ||||
| Map | Name | Level | Created | Area (ha) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amanã Sustainable Development Reserve | State | 1998 | style="text-align:right;"| 2,350,000 | |
| style="text-align:center;"| 10 | Anavilhanas National Park | Federal | 1981 | style="text-align:right;"| 350,470 |
| style="text-align:center;"| 1 | Jaú National Park | Federal | 1980 | style="text-align:right;"| 2,367,333 |
| style="text-align:center;"| 7 | Puranga Conquista Sustainable Development Reserve{{efn|The Puranga Conquista Sustainable Development Reserve was created in 2014 and added to the mosaic.{{sfn|RDS Puranga Conquista – ISA}} }}
| State | 2014 | style="text-align:right;"| 76,936 | |
| style="text-align:center;"| 9 | Rio Negro Left Bank Environmental Protection Area{{efn|The Rio Negro Left Bank Environmental Protection Area was counted as two units when the mosaic was created, the Aturiá–Apuauzinho section and the smaller Tarumã Açu – Tarumã Mirim section.{{sfn|Unidades de Conservação - Mosaico do Baixo Rio Negro – ICMBio}} }}
| State | 1995 | style="text-align:right;"| 611,008 | |
| style="text-align:center;"| 3 | Rio Negro Right Bank Environmental Protection Area | State | 1995 | style="text-align:right;"| 461,741 |
| style="text-align:center;"| 8 | Rio Negro State Park North Section | State | 1995 | style="text-align:right;"| 146,028 |
| style="text-align:center;"| 2 | Rio Negro State Park South Section | State | 1995 | style="text-align:right;"| 86,601 |
| style="text-align:center;"| 4 | Rio Negro Sustainable Development Reserve | State | 2003 | style="text-align:right;"| 103,086 |
| style="text-align:center;"| | Rio Unini Extractive Reserve | Federal | 2006 | style="text-align:right;"|833,352 |
| style="text-align:center;"| | Tupé Sustainable Development Reserve | Municipal | 2005 | style="text-align:right;"| 11,930 |
Notes
{{notes}}
{{reflist|30em}}
Sources
{{refbegin}}
- {{citation|ref={{harvid|Mosaico do Baixo Rio Negro – ICMBio}}|language=Portuguese
|title=Mosaico do Baixo Rio Negro|publisher=ICMBio: Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation
|url=http://www.icmbio.gov.br/portal/mosaicosecorredoresecologicos/moscaicos-reconhecidos-oficialmente/1864-mosaico-do-baixo-rio-negro|accessdate=2016-10-11}}
- {{citation|ref={{harvid|Mosaicos de áreas protegidas – ISA}}|language=Portuguese|title=Mosaicos de áreas protegidas|publisher=ISA: Instituto Socioambiental|url=https://uc.socioambiental.org/territ%C3%B3rio/mosaicos-de-%C3%A1reas-protegidas|accessdate=2016-07-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160620005703/http://uc.socioambiental.org/territ%C3%B3rio/mosaicos-de-%C3%A1reas-protegidas|archive-date=2016-06-20|url-status=dead}}
- {{citation|ref={{harvid|RDS Puranga Conquista – ISA}}|language=Portuguese
|title=RDS Puranga Conquista|publisher=ISA: Instituto Socioambiental
|url=https://uc.socioambiental.org/uc/601283|accessdate=2016-06-28}}
- {{citation|language=Portuguese
|author=Thiago Mota Cardoso |publisher=IPÊ-Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas|year=2010 |title=Depoimento: o mosaico do baixo rio Negro
|url=https://uc.socioambiental.org/territ%C3%B3rio/depoimento-o-mosaico-do-baixo-rio-negro|accessdate=2016-10-11}}
- {{citation|accessdate=2016-10-11|ref={{harvid|Unidades de Conservação - Mosaico do Baixo Rio Negro – ICMBio}}|language=Portuguese
|title=Unidades de Conservação - Mosaico do Baixo Rio Negro|publisher=ICMBio: Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation
|url=http://www.icmbio.gov.br/portal/mosaicosecorredoresecologicos/moscaicos-reconhecidos-oficialmente/49-menu-o-que-fazemos/1871-unidades-de-conservacao-mosaico-do-baixo-rio-negro}}
{{refend}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lower Rio Negro Mosaic}}
Category:Environmental protection areas of Brazil