Ludwig Thiersch

Thiersch was born in Munich, the son of classicist and philhellene Friedrich Thiersch, and brother of surgeon Karl Thiersch and theologian H. W. J. Thiersch. He attended the Academy of Fine Arts, Munich to study sculpture, but after a few years turned to painting, in which he became a student of Heinrich Maria von Hess, Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld, and Karl Schorn. After the Academy, he painted a depiction of Sakuntala (1848) and a scene of Camisards, and then traveled to Rome, where he sketched scenes from daily Italian life and painted Hiob unter seinen Freunden.

File:Ludwig Thiersch - Alarich in Athen - 10346 - Bavarian State Painting Collections.jpg in Athens (c.1879)]]

In 1852, he traveled with his father to Athens, where he replaced Rafaello Ceccoli (fl.1830s-1850s) at the Athens School of Fine Arts and became interested in Byzantine art.Pollali He painted several frescoes in Greek churches, and was at the forefront of a movement to "modernize" Byzantine art by introducing elements from post-Renaissance such as naturalistic perspective and anatomy.Danos, p. 79 In this, he is sometimes credited with discovering Byzantine art for the world of modern art,Lydakis, p. 86; as cited by Pollali but such reform was met with fierce opposition from some, who opposed to what they saw as attempts to replace longstanding Greek traditions with foreign ones.

Several newspaper editorials opposed Thiersch's appointment as Professor, and continued to oppose his receipt of commissions to paint church frescoes. However, natural-perspective reforms were favored by the Bavarian monarchy of King Otto, as well as by Lysandros Kaftanzoglou, a prominent architect and head of the Athens Polytechnic, and so his opponents were largely unsuccessful. {{Citation needed|reason=The introduction of post-Renaissance natural perspectives Greece, and the debate between natural perspectives and unnatural Palaiologan forms, both long predate Thiersch, Otto, and the Greek Revolution. This sounds like post-1950 historical revisionism by those who wanted and managed to purge the church of non-Palailogan art after WWII|date=November 2023}}

Among Thiersch's pupils during his years in Athens was Kleoniki Gennadiou and most notably Nikolaos Gyzis,Lydakis, p. 186; as cited by Pollali who would become one of the best-known Greek painters of the 19th century, and who would manage to engage international traditions while still producing art seen as authentically Greek.Danos, pp. 90–93 Thiersch's most notable fresco in Athens is in the Church of Saint Nikodimos.Kyriakos, pp. 87–88

Image:Ludwig Thiersch - Unergründlich, 1874.jpg

Through the rest of his life, Thiersch traveled from city to city, being employed alternately to paint church frescoes and to produce oil paintings for private patrons. His church art is particularly notable, and together with Ludwig Seitz and Jean-Hippolyte Flandrin, he is considered to have led a revival in western European ecclesiastical art.

In 1856, Thiersch was appointed to a position in Vienna, where he continued to paint church frescoes. During this period Theophil Freiherr von Hansen, a Danish-Austrian architect who had also spent time in Greece and taken up an interest in Byzantine art, was rebuilding Vienna's Fleischmarkt Greek Church in a neo-Byzantine style, and Thiersch was commissioned along with Karl Rahl to supply frescoes for the interior."Wien (Kirchen, Profanbauten)", Meyers Konversations-Lexikon

Following the position in Vienna, Thiersch was employed in Rome by Simon Sinas, a Greek philanthropist, for whom he produced a number of works on mythological and religious subjects, including Charon als Seelenführer, Bakchos' Einzug in den Hain von Kolonos, and Thetis' Klage um Achilleus.

In 1860, he went to Saint Petersburg, where he painted frescoes and icons in the chapels of Grand Duke Nicholas and Grand Duke Michael, and in the Protestant Church of Saint Catherine.

After his return to Germany, Thiersch painted Auferweckung der Tochter des Jairus und Christus in Gethsemane (1866) for the Stiftskirche in Kempten, as well as Predigt des Paulus auf dem Areopag, and in the following years a number of other works, including Christus am Teich Bethesda, Ceres, die ihre Tochter sucht, Christus in der Wüste, Alarich in Athen als Sieger gefeiert, and Kreuztragung Christi.

Some years later, Thiersch painted the icons in the iconostasis of the Greek Orthodox Cathedral of St. Sophia in London (consecrated 1882),Bianco and of St. Stephen's Greek Orthodox Church in Paris (consecrated 1895).

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• {{cite news|last=Bianco |first=Don |title=Treasured Offerings: The Legacy of the Greek Orthodox Cathedral of St Sophia, Moscow Road |work=Friends of West Norwood Cemetery Newsletter, No 45 |date=September 2002 |url=http://www.fownc.org/newsletters/no45.shtml |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927225224/http://www.fownc.org/newsletters/no45.shtml |archivedate=2007-09-27 }}
• {{cite journal | last = Danos | first = Antonis | title = The Culmination of Aesthetic and Artistic Discourse in Nineteenth-century Greece: Periklis Yannopoulos and Nikolaos Gyzis | journal = Journal of Modern Greek Studies | volume = 20 | issue = 1 | year = 2002 | pages = 75–112 | doi = 10.1353/mgs.2002.0005| s2cid = 144866705 | url = http://ktisis.cut.ac.cy/handle/10488/108 | hdl = 20.500.14279/1809 | hdl-access = free }}
• {{cite book | last = Kyriakos | first = Anastasios Diomedes | title = Geschichte der orientalischen Kirchen von 1453-1898 | publisher = Gerstenberg | year = 1902 | url = https://archive.org/details/geschichtederor01kyrigoog|language=de}}
• {{cite book | last = Lydakis | first = Stelios | title = Istoria tis Neoellinikis Zographikis (History of Modern Greek Painting) | location = Athens | publisher = Melissa | year = 1976|language=el}}
• {{cite journal | last = Pollali | first = Aggeliki | title = An Overview of Greek Painting in the 19th c. | journal = Anistoriton | volume = E984 | year = 1998 | url = http://www.anistor.gr/english/enback/e984.htm}}
• {{cite encyclopedia | title = Thiersch | encyclopedia = Meyers Konversations-Lexikon | edition = 4th | year = 1890 | volume = 15 | pages = 654–655 | url = http://susi.e-technik.uni-ulm.de:8080/Meyers2/seite/werk/meyers/band/15/seite/0654/meyers_b15_s0654.html|language=de}}
• {{cite encyclopedia | title = Wien (Kirchen, Profanbauten) | encyclopedia = Meyers Konversations-Lexikon | edition = 4th | year = 1890 | volume = 16 | pages = 604 | url = http://susi.e-technik.uni-ulm.de:8080/Meyers2/seite/werk/meyers/band/16/seite/0604/meyers_b16_s0604.html|language=de}}

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Category:1825 births

Category:1909 deaths

Category:Painters from Munich

Category:19th-century German painters

Category:19th-century German male artists

Category:German male painters

Category:20th-century German painters

Category:20th-century German male artists

Category:Academy of Fine Arts, Munich alumni

Category:Academic staff of the Athens School of Fine Arts